Kapangidwe ya ubongo - phunziro la thunthu la munthu

Dongosolo wonse wa mantha dongosolo dongosolo anafotokozedwa ndi awiri zigawo zake: chapakati ndi zotumphukira. Ubongo ndi msana ndi dongosolo chapakati mantha ndi cranial, autonomic ndi msana misempha ndi maziko a zotumphukira lapansi.

Man, ngati zamoyo zina zonse zamoyo, akhoza kuwathandiza mankhwala ndi thupi mu chilengedwe.

Pali zinthu zachilengedwe (kukhudza, phokoso, kuwala ndi fungo), zomwe mothandizidwa ndi maselo wapadera chipangizo mtima ku zikhumbo mitsempha. Anthu nawonso, m'ndandanda wa kusintha magetsi ndi mankhwala mwachindunji mu mitsempha CHIKWANGWANI. The nyemba chifukwa zimafalitsidwa ndi ulusi afferent mu ubongo ndi msana, kumene iwo anapanga malamulo koyenera kuti kufala kwa efferent (galimoto) ulusi kwa minofu udindo ntchito pakampani.

Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya ubongo Cholinga chake kusakanikirana ndi kukopa mphamvu kunja chamoyo atengere izo.

Kapangidwe ya ubongo sangatengedwe kukhala kwathunthu popanda makhalidwe a pachikhalidwe ake structural - ndi minyewa selo minyewa imene imakhala thupi la phata la, dendritic (nthambi njira) ndi axon (mkono yaitali imodzi). Mfundo ntchito ubongo wa - ndi dendrites wa zikhumbo mitsempha pochitika thupi khungu, ndiye kudzera axon ndi anatumiza kwa effectors kapena maselo ena.

Pakati pawo ndondomeko ya manyuroni ogwirizana kudzera synapse ndi amene udindo tichipeza mu imathandiza zikhumbo mitsempha. Iwo akhoza pochitika nyemba za wina ndi kuchedwa ena.

Manyuroni mwina a magulu zosiyanasiyana kudziwa ntchito zawo zenizeni. Choncho, gulu lina la manyuroni ntchito ntchito mawunikidwe ndipo ali ndi udindo onongani kwa mitsempha mtima. Gulu lachiwiri ndi udindo kaphatikizidwe ndi chizindikiritso cha zikhumbo akubwera kuchokera zina mphamvu. Pali gulu lachitatu, amene amasunga zotsatira kuchokera zotsatira za m'mbuyo akuyerekeza zotsatira akuwuka kwa kuda alipo.

zovuta maukonde kasamalidwe pakati misempha anagawira mu thupi la munthu ndi chingwe msana, amene ali mawonekedwe yaitali woyera "zingwe", ndi makulidwe a chala, kutalika masentimita 45 ndi masekeli pafupifupi 30 magalamu, ndipo ili mu ngalande msana. Amakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri - vuto imvi (m'bulu wa maselo mitsempha) ndi woyera kanthu (mitsempha CHIKWANGWANI).

Kumanzere ndi lamanja la msana nthambi chingwe mu "mawonekedwe a nthambi za mtengo thunthu" msana misempha. Iwo wotumidwa kwa mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi la munthu, ndi kupereka ubwenzi ndi chapakati mantha dongosolo. Kulamulira ena "gawo" la thupi ikuchitika ngati mitsempha yeniyeni.

mitsempha msana tichipeza chosinthika kapena kachipangizo, ndipo kutsogolo, kapena galimoto, mitolo. Yoyamba ulusi limachokera ku maselo a khungu, tendons, minofu, mafupa, ziwalo ndi mphamvu. Ndi mu zolandilira kuoneka chizindikiro ubongo, zomwe zili ndi mfundo za zinthu zimene zikuchitikanso pa thupi ndi kunja. Kumbuyo-CHIKWANGWANI deta chizindikiro zimatumizidwa chingwe msana, ndiyeno - mu ubongo, kumene zosankhidwa, kukonzedwa, ayesedwa ndi ulusi kutsogolo wotumidwa poyankha zizindikiro zina minofu, ziwalo ndi mitsempha ya magazi.

Kapangidwe zingaphatikizepo mantha dongosolo ndi autonomic mantha dongosolo, amene ali ndi udindo kwa kagayidwe ndi ziwalo. Mbali A a dongosolo lino la palokha kugwira ntchito motero subordination wa chapakati mantha dongosolo.

Malinga ndi kukopa kwake pa ziwalo za mantha dongosolo autonomic tichipeza machitidwe parasympathetic ndi wachifundo. Mugone awo m'malo zovuta, chifukwa kawirikawiri amakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana pa munthu ndi thupi lomwelo, ndipo kudzera amene akwaniritsa bwino ena mu thupi.

Kapangidwe ya ubongo kuphatikizapo kotekisi oziziritsa lomwe lili ndi makulidwe a za 3 mamilimita ndi malo okwana pafupifupi kotala sq.m. Mbali imeneyi ya thupi ali zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi, zomwe ndi zogwirizana kwambiri maselo ndi mzake. Chiwerengero cha maselo amenewa ndi pafupifupi 15 Bln. Zidutswa.

Kapangidwe ya ubongo Iwo Tidzakambirana bwinobwino popanda chododometsa monga reflex, amene amamvetsera thupi chikoka mkati ndi kunja kudzera chapakati mantha dongosolo. Ogaŵikana bongo makonzedwe (kuti thupi kuti azolowere kusintha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe) ndi chopanda malire (titadziwa kulabadira kunja). bongo Unconditioned Kodi popanda zinthu zina kupanga ake, ndi makonzedwe - uka chifukwa zochitika zosiyanasiyana amene ali ofunika kwa anthu.