Kapolo - kapolo Russia

Pamene tikukamba za ukapolo ndi akapolo, kucheza loyamba limene tingakhale - ndi kapolo anthu ku Roma ndi Greece. Nthawi yomweyo pamaso pa kuima zithunzi za Spartacus ndi omenyana ena. Komabe, akapolo anali mu Russia, ndi kuti si zokhalamo. Iwo poyamba anali kutchedwa "kapolo". Awa anali anthu amene anali chilichonse. Choncho, iwo ankayenera kuti cha kachakudya kukhotetsa abwerere kwa mbuye ndi kuchita zokhumba zake zonse. Mgwirizano woterowo pakati pa mbuye ndi kapolo, kapolo anali mu anthu ang'onoang'ono. Mwini akhoza "anabzala" pansi, ndiyeno inasanduka serf.

Mu Russia ndi lackey - kapena atengedwa ukaidi asilikali wa gulu lankhondo la adani, kapena munthu anakongola ndalama zambiri, ndi amene sangathe kulipira. udindo umenewu anapeza pambuyo ukwati kapena ukwati kapolo. Kuyambira 1722, akapolo onse ankatchedwa serfs. Icho chiri, mfundo kanthu zasintha miyoyo yawo. Iwo akhoza kugulitsa, kugula, ndalama, ndi zina zotero. D.

Serf ku Russia

Mbali ya anthu ang'onoang'ono Russia ku TH 10 18 m'ma TH, osati anali pogona ndi katundu aliyense ndi kukhalabe moyo wake timakakamizidwa kuchita ntchito iliyonse pa famu ya mbuye wake, wotchedwa serfs. Pa nkhondo, makamaka internecine imachitika kwa kuba ndi kugonjetsa madera atsopano, anthu awa ndikaona kukhala akapolo. anthu analanda ziweto ankatengedwa ankhondowo monga zofunkha kwambiri. Aliyense mwinimunda anali yaikulu ufulu dera ndi kulima iwo, kumene, ntchito imene inkafunika. Anakhala akapolo ake. . Ndiko Russia kuti ankakhulupirira kuti kapolo - makamaka ufulu ntchito mphamvu. Anthu awa anali nawo m'banja komanso mu ntchito ya zaulimi.

Akapolo Ufulu ku Russia

Mbali imeneyi ya anthu amadalira kwathunthu ambuye awo. Iwo analibe ufulu wodzilamulira malamulo. Komabe, si akapolo onse anali mu malo omwewo. Ena mwa iwo wotchedwa alimi msonkho. Ie kapolo - munthu wonyamula pa mapewa ake katundu lonse la boma.

Udindo wa kapolo ku mfundo ya zamalamulo view

Iye ankaona chinthu, mwachitsanzo, chuma payekha, monga ena chuma: .. katundu, ziwiya, ng'ombe, etc. Choncho, zochita zake ndi ntchito ayenera kukumana mbuye wake .. Komabe, ngati kapolo akwiyitse munthu munthu free, kubwezera kukhumudwa akanakhoza kumupha. Kapolo, amene anaona upandu, sichikanakhoza kutchedwa kukhoti kuti ndichitire umboni. Mwini ikanamupha, koma ngati munthu wina wapha kapolo, mbuye nalipira wake.

Mu Sudebnik anayambitsa zoletsa kwa 1550. Malinga ndi iwo, mwana wa kapolo wabadwa kapolo kupeza udindo wa bambo ake, iye ankaona ngati free, ndi atate analibe ufulu asamuphe ku ukapolo. Ngati munthu anali kapolo chifukwa cha adani ndipo anathawa ku ukapolo, iye kulandira ufulu. Iye timasuke ku ukapolo atamwalira mbuye wake. Koma palinso milandu pamene anthu aufulu amene sangathe kudyetsa kapena kudziteteza kwawo wadutsa mu ukapolo. M'zaka za m'ma 17, lamulo linaperekedwa kuti chindiletsa izi.