Nyengo - nthawi ya chitukuko anthu. Kodi zaka za dziko?

Anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "nyengo", makamaka popanda kuganizira tanthauzo lake. "Zamunthawi ya Victoria nyengo", "nyengo Soviet", "Kubadwa Kwatsopano" - lomwe limatanthauza ndi mawu amenewa, ndi kwa nthawi, kotero ntchito kawirikawiri a mbiri yakale, nzeru ena, akatswiri komanso ofufuza ena?

Tanthawuzo la "lothandiza"

Lothandiza - ndi kupatulapo ulamuliro za mayunitsi nthawi. Sitingathe kunena kuti ichi ndi chaka, kwa zaka zaka Zakachikwi. Nyengo zikhoza ndi kalekale nthawi, nthawi zina pamafunika zaka zingapo, nthawi zina zaka. Izi zidalira pa mlingo ndi liwiro la chitukuko cha anthu. Lothandiza - ndi unit imene periodization za ndondomeko mbiri. liwulo nawo kuchipatala ngati khalidwe zenizeni pa chitukuko cha anthu.

Periodization za chitukuko cha anthu ndi

Mbiri lothandiza - filosofe, kusonyeza mlingo wa chitukuko, anthu a kusintha kwa mlingo wina wa chikhalidwe, sayansi ndi chikhalidwe chitukuko, kukwera mlingo wokweretsa. Anzeru ndi mbiri yakale wa nthawi zosiyanasiyana anayesa kuthetsa chithunzi ndi kulenga limodzi lolondola periodization. Kuti tichite zimenezi, asayansi anatenga ena nthawi zakale kuphunzira zimene zinachitika masiku amenewo, pa zimene mlingo wa chitukuko panali anthu, ndiyeno tinauza iwo. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi ya dziko wakale - ndi ukapolo, nthawi yatsopano - bizinesi, etc.

Tikumbukenso kuti olemba mbiri ena ndi periodization za chitukuko cha anthu, ndipo iwo onse kumafuna mafelemu osiyana nthawi. Kudulidwa ambiri: Kale, Zapakati, nthawi yatsopano. Funso wotseguka mpaka tsopano, chifukwa asayansi sizinawakhudze kuuzidwa. Kudulidwa kwa mbiri ya dziko lapansi ndi nthawi osokoneza.

I kwa kugawa mbiri

Nthawi ya dziko - ndi nthawi allocated malinga ndi muyezo winawake. Mwina mbiri yakale mnzathu, ngati chitukuko cha anthu imawunikidwa pa tanthauzo lina. Ndipo popeza palibe kugwirizana pa bwinobwino mmene kugawana okolaŵilapo pa zawachita chiyambi. Ena monga maziko mtima anthu katundu, winayo - mlingo wa chitukuko cha mphamvu zipatso, zina mpaka mu nthawi yosankha mlingo wa rigidities kapena ufulu wa munthu.

Pomaliza, anthu padziko lonse la mbiri yakale anavomera kuti nthawi - siteji zamakono chitukuko cha anthu. nthaŵi mu mbiri anali ochepa, ndipo iwo zidzasankhidwa pakati pa luso la zopangapanga. Maganizo abwino akumenyana zovuta kuti adzaone zomwe magawo anthufe kale, ndi chimene koma pochitika.

Main lothandiza ya mbiri ya dziko lapansi

Asayansi kuzindikira nyengo zinayi zofunika chitukuko cha anthu: chake chachikale chinkawavuta, agrarian, mafakitale ndi maphokoso mafakitale. Nthawi yoyamba amatanthauza VIII - VI CC. BC nyengo chachikale chinkawavuta amakhala ndi chidwi yojambula anthu patsogolo, kusintha mawonekedwe a anthu, ndi zikamera wa maziko a statehood, lalikulu zaziwerengero uyenderere. Nthawi imeneyi asangalala mizinda, anthu ambiri ankakhala m'mizinda. Komanso, pakhala kusintha kwakukulu m'zochitika asilikali.

nyengo agrarian imagwera pa zaka V-IV. BC Society limodzi wosazindikira amapita ku agrarian ndale. Nthawi imeneyi, panali zambiri maukulu, maufumu ndi maufumu ndi kasamalidwe centralized. Padali kugawanikana ntchito mu ubusa, ulimi ndi luso. Nthawiyi amakhala ndi njira ulimi.

Pa nyengo mafakitale (XVIII - .. 1 theka la zaka mazana makumi awiri) zinachitika mu kusintha lonse umoyo ndi zachuma, sayansi ndi andale. M'malo mwake, mafakitale anali mafakitale, ndiyo ntchito yamanja m'malo ndi makina. Chifukwa cha msika kukodzedwa ntchito, kuonjezera zokolola, anakumana ndi amphamvu mizinda. Nyengo pambuyo mafakitale inayamba mu theka lachiwiri la zaka mazana makumi awiri, umatchedwa "nthawi popanda malamulo." Yodziwika ndi chitukuko mofulumira zochitika, pa zokha kupanga. Nyengo anayamba kusintha kwakukulu muzochitika zones za moyo, ndi kupitirirabe.