Kodi alipo? mitundu ya zimalowana

Kuvomerezedwa mchitidwe mamangidwe a nyumba kapena dongosolo ndi alipo. Izi zikuluzikulu za chimango nyumba nayikapo katundu zimakhudza ntchito ndi gulu la mbewu. Kwenikweni, chifukwa alipo ndipo anaonetsetsa mapangidwe nyumba multistory kapena kupatukana nyumba danga la zazikulu ndi kukweza. Kumathandiza ntchito zosiyanasiyana kuti oyenera ntchito yeniyeni alipo. Mitundu ya alipo zosiyanasiyana ndi mtundu kopita, kapangidwe ndi zina magawo ntchito. Kudziwa kapangidwe bwino yosayenera kwa zosowa za polojekiti, m'pofunika kudziwa makhalidwe a mitundu alipo alipo, komanso amafuna mphamvu katundu mchitidwe wa.

Gawo ndi cholinga

Posankha mtundu wa alipo poyamba kumanga pa ntchito m'tsogolo. Tinganene, akatswiri kuzindikiridwa mbali zitatu ntchito zinthu zimenezi.

1. Kapu. gulu lino monga mitundu ya mbewu kunyumba, zomwe kuonetsetsa danga kulekana pansi pa nyumbayi. Pankhaniyi kumanga ntchito Mwachitsanzo kupatukana woyamba chapansi pansi.
2. Theka pansi m'deralo. The zosinthika ambiri amene alipo ndi zoti pakati m'zipinda za.
3. Chapamwamba. Zipangitsa akuwaza chapamwamba kapena chapamwamba ndipo pabalaza.

Nthaŵi iliyonse kulowererana superimposed pa ntchito zawo zinchito, amene amadalira pa kapangidwe ndi malo, ndi zipangizo za amene anapanga zinthu zina za nyumbayo. Kuchokera pa magawo awa, anasankha mitundu yeniyeni apansi kuti akhoza kupereka "mafupa" mphamvu nyumba ndi durability. Mwachitsanzo, mu payekha kanyumba matabwa chifukwa cha kulinganiza ndi chapamwamba angagwiritsidwe ntchito opepuka kudenga dongosolo, ndipo simungakhoze kuchita popanda mkulu-mphamvu analimbitsa nyumba konkire mu mkulu-nyamuka nyumba njerwa.

Kulowererana monolithic mtundu

Chimodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri mu ntchito ya kudenga, amene amatipatsa mphamvu yaikulu yomanga. nyumba izi kulenga konkire pa maziko a kudzazidwa luso. Chinthu choyamba aumbike mwa formwork, umene Pre-anasankha yoyenera kapangidwe amafuna rebars. Kenako, maziko konkire udzathiridwa, kakakulu amene akhoza zimasiyana masentimita 8 mpaka 14. Ubwino waukulu nawo pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya slabs monolithic ndi kuthekera mochita mtundu uliwonse wa zomangamanga m'tsogolo. Izi imakhudzanso options miyambo ya slabs analimbitsa simenti, ndi dongosolo kuponya-kusonkhanitsa, amene Komabe, kukhala ndi zofooka.

Zosiyanasiyana apansi konkire

Zikomo kuti zidazo luso ndi ntchito, analimbitsa nyumba konkire ali otchuka kwambiri yomanga. kuwanda awo amalimbikitsa osavuta, ngakhale nthawi yambiri, luso kupanga. Poganizira mitundu ya mbewu yowona, kamodzi ndi Dziwani kuti onse a iwo kugwera mu fakitale kumalizira mankhwala mwachindunji pa malo.

Pansi yomalizidwa amagwilitsidwa ntchito yomanga nyumba. Popeza konkire iyoyomwe misa ndi lalikulu, popanda cranes wokwera chifukwa sangathe. Pachifukwa ichi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita ogwiritsa mwachindunji "mawilo". Ie mabasi kupulumutsa mbale ndi kuziika pa malo. Ngati njira osankhidwa wodzilamulira kupanga mbale zimenezi, m'pofunika kusamalira ntchito (kapena olimba zitsulo thabwa pamwamba) ndi consumables, ndiwo ambiri komanso gwero fakitale.

Modern mbale mtundu "filigree" mulinso mu gulu lanu anapangidwa kuchokera konkire. Mitundu alipo a m'banjali ali amakhala ndi dongosolo la zitsulo mbale fakitale, amene makulidwe si upambana 6 cm. The okonzeka m'munsi mwa formwork Integrated wa ikuthandizira ndodo, kenako unatsanuliridwa ndi konkire Kusakaniza.

Chastorebristye zimalowana

Izi kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito yomanga nyumba yaing'ono payekha. kamangidwe zachokera chastorebristogo toyalana matabwa ndi midadada dzenje, amene mudzaze danga pakati pa zinthu nyama. Mitundu yofala kudenga zoduliratu, unsembe umene ndi kusonkhanitsa zinthu pa malo poyamba anakonza chilengedwe musiyane konkire. Mwa ubwino zitsanzo chastorebristyh secrete katundu wawo refractory, ndi mkulu kudalirika kuchepetsa phokoso ndiponso luso kukhazikitsa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zina zapadera.

Dziwani kuti makhalidwe ofanana ndi alipo, ikuchitika slabs konkire precast. unsembe awo kawirikawiri sayambitsa vuto kwambiri, koma nthawi zina amafuna nkhani ya magalimoto ndi cranes.

joist denga

matabwa matabwa chotchuka ntchito. Iwo kuthandiza kulenga alipo mu njerwa ndi nyumba matabwa. Kumangidwa ndi chimango cha girders ndipo anaika thabwa pansi, amene pambuyo pake ntchito zokutira kukongoletsa. Mitundu ochiritsira wa simenti yolimba kupereka chiwembu kwa kupoletsa kugwirizana matabwa mwa grooves. Matabwa ntchito akhale ndi miyeso zotsatirazi: 10-20 masentimita m'lifupi, 40 cm kukwera ndi masentimita 15 m'litali.

Ngakhale kuti ntchito yomanga ndi mtengo, sitepe pakati onyamula kungakhale 150 cm. Amapanga kusintha mawu a dongosolo amalola kuika mitanda ndi chuma soundproofing. simenti yolimba komanso ali othandiza yokongola kwambiri. Kumbali pamwamba angakhoze kuikidwa pa iwo pafupifupi ❖ kuyanika aliyense ndi pansi - khazikitsa kaulusi inaimitsidwa.

mitundu ya matabwa

matabwa a mitundu iwiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito simenti yolimba. Awa ndi zinthu kuchokera olimba nkhuni limodzi kapena mankhwala laminated. Kupanga mitundu woyamba okhwima amagwiritsidwa ntchito mitengo. Nkofunika kuganizira kuti mu kachitidwe interfloor zinthu olimba angagwiritsidwe ntchito kokha chikhalidwe ngati kutalika kwa danga si oposa 5 m. Mitundu glued joists kulola ntchito onse kuyambira kupanga luso lawo amapereka apamwamba mphamvu zakuthupi.

Komanso, matabwa laminated angathe kupanga ndi kutalika kwambiri kuposa analogues aliyense wa zosiyanasiyana olimba nkhuni. Zochita zinthu za mtundu uwu amatha kupirira akatundu olemera ndi alipo chimakwirira mpaka mamita 20 yaitali. Chofunika ndi zokongoletsa maonekedwe a mtengo glued, imene palibe kusowa chithandizo chapadera pambuyo ogwiritsa.

slabs pansi

Kuonetsetsa interstorey septum abwino - chinthu chachikulu, kusankha mtundu wa zomangamanga. Pa nthawi, mitundu ya slabs wamba, oyenera zolinga zosiyanasiyana zomanga zotsatirazi.

1. Ribbed. Chifukwa mbiri achilendo, kuchita bwino ndi katundu kupinda. Amagwiritsidwa kwambiri kusinthika kwa attics ndi kosungira.
2. Dzenje. Ubwino wa kudenga amenewa ndi kutentha mkulu ndi kutchinjiriza phokoso, komanso kulemera kuwala, kulola ntchito zawo mu nyumba zolinga zosiyana.
3. Monolithic. Iwo mphamvu kwambiri, amene anatsimikiza malangizo chachikulu cha ntchito zawo - mu nyumba yapamwamba nyamuka.
4. Olimba. Chifukwa mkulu katundu mwankhanza mphamvu alipo otere bwinobwino ntchito yomanga maofesi a mafakitale.

Klein tosanjikizana

mtundu uwu alipo si monga wamba mu Russia monga chomwecho monolithic analimbitsa slab konkire, koma pamaso pa nthumwi zake zinali zotchuka kwambiri pakati kutukula, ndipo lero akhala ambiri othandiza njira imeneyi. Kane kapangidwe akhoza mbali mitundu ya mbewu ya nyumba pa maziko a matabwa a. Only mu nkhani iyi si ntchito matabwa ndi zitsulo zinthu I-mtengo amene kutalika kungakhale pakati pa 8 ndi 24 masentimita Malo wa matabwa amachitidwa pa mtunda Chrixitu ndi pafupifupi 160 cm.. The gawo m'munsi akuyenera kulenga mbale thandizo anapanga njerwa ceramic. The slab komanso analimbitsa ndi n'kupanga chitsulo kapena ndodo, kuyambira mu makulidwe ku masentimita 0,6 kuti 0,8. Ngati chofunika zimakhudza mphamvu mamangidwe ndi chinawonjezeka ndi kulimbikitsa kudzaza njerwa kapena I-matabwa.

Khazikitsa monolithic slab

Latha slab konkire zochokera lonse la mbale mawonekedwe 15 masentimita wandiweyani. Akuchita mofanana zimakhudza chigawo kapangidwe zitsulo matabwa: chitsulo njira kapena H-zinthu. Iwo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphimba utali mtunda lalikulu - ngakhale mmenemo kupatsidwa mphamvu yapamwamba, komanso chitetezo njira moto ndi kuwola, amene pafupifupi onse apansi konkire. Mitundu ya kudenga pa maziko matabwa zinapangitsa Anzawo konkire kutaya, ngakhale kusamala ndi wautali.

Padziko kukafika kutsogolo kwa malo kunyalanyaza kufunika kukonza formwork matabwa. Kuwonjezera kuchita mtundu wa "pansi" kapangidwe. Formwork anapanga mapepala plywood kuti anayikidwa pansi kuima, miyendo itatu chitsulo ndi matabwa matabwa. Pa gawo lapansi zitsulo m'pofunika kuyala chimango anatsindika, mmene mipiringidzo ntchito, ndi zoyerekeza 1 masentimita wandiweyani. Ndiye, kapangidwe okonzeka ayenera kudzazidwa ndi konkire. Ndi bwino ntchito chizindikiro M200. The alipo thusly anakonza zimasiyana digiri yapamwamba mphamvu ndi durability.

Unsembe wa slabs zoduliratu monolithic

Zoduliratu dongosolo monolithic anapanga lolingana makhalidwe ndi mitundu ya slabs wa analimbitsa matabwa konkire. Kwa chipangizo cha alipo zoterezi vystelit pa kusamuka matabwa yazokonza pansi, lomwe kuchita ntchito ya eg kuthandiza chithabwa. Unsembe ikuchitika pa makoma, pamene pakati pa matabwa muyenera kuyala midadada dzenje. Kenako, kulenga chimango ndi zimakhazikika ndi wodzazidwa ndi simenti simenti. Konkire mkaka imayamba kuloŵa pores wa midadada ndi kupanga dongosolo yofunika wa matabwa dzenje zitsulo ndi nyengo. kudenga amenewa zogwirizana ndi mfundo ano, chimene nyumba zimamangidwa. Makamaka, iwo amapereka mphamvu, soundproofing ndi durability, pamene otsala yotchipa unsembe kulowererana chipangizo.

Kukonza ndi zolimba wa zimalowana

Pankhaniyi, kukonza ntchito kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa kapena kulimbikitsa makombo munthu toyalana. Mitundu alipo, zochokera matabwa ndi Chilwa kwambiri mphamvu za luso phindu dongosolo. Amayamba ntchito ndi ogwiritsa poyimitsa kenako zinthu zogwiriziza. Kulimbikitsa matabwa matabwa zambiri kumaphatikizapo m'malo a matabwa pa analogues ndi lalikulu mtanda chigawo kapena kuonjezera chiwerengero chawo. Kufunika kwa kukonza nyumba analimbitsa simenti, monga ulamuliro, tingafunse maonekedwe a dzimbiri. Mozungulira zotupa kha simenti, kenako vavu anavula kujambula zokutira anticorrosive. Otsatidwa ndi kubwezeretsa boma lakale alipo.