Kodi chinthu odana ndi kukhuthula? Anti-kukhuthula miyeso mu Act 44 Chilamulo Federal Akuluakulu a ku Russia

polimbana ndi kukhuthula mu zogula anthu ndi watsopano, ndipo, monga mchitidwe panopa, si onse akudziwa za mgwirizano chiwembu pa momwe ntchito makonzedwe ena a malamulo ena. Makamaka, amalonda ambiri sakudziwa chimene ndi muyeso odana ndi kukhuthula monga ntchito ndi zimene zifukwa.

Ndi chiyani icho?

Kutaya chiphunzitso zachuma ndi kugulitsa katundu pa zotchipa amene anali chongopeka understated. An muyeso odana ndi kukhuthula angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukachitika kuti mlingo chipinda kwambiri poyerekeza msika, koma alibe kulungamitsidwa zachuma. Nthawi zina, understatement amenewa zimatheka kuti mtengo komaliza pansipa mtengo wa utumiki makamaka kapena mankhwala.

Mu tenders anthu odana ndi kukhuthula muyeso angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukachitika kuti katundu akufuna kulowa msika zofunika zogula a dziko ndi adzawathamangitsa mpikisano ndi katangale. Kwenikweni, ntchito kukachitika kuti pa mapeto a mgwirizano ndi katundu ziri kwambiri Sachita mtengo potenga gawo mu aang'ono.

Vuto la Kutaya kwambiri kukodzedwa pa tenders yotseguka mtundu amagetsi. Sapulaya ochokera m'madera onse a Russia ndi mwayi wofalitsa yobetcherana, chotero anayamba kupereka mitengo pansipa-msika. Nthawi zina panali zochitika zina pamene mamembala a NMC zochepa ziro, kenako anakonza wachifundo kuwonjezereka mtengo.

N'chifukwa chiyani nawonso amafunika?

An muyeso odana ndi kukhuthula ntchito chifukwa kuti zotsatira za chongopeka kutsitsa mitengo angakhale aakulu kwambiri, akuti:

• ndi drafting udindo mgwirizano pamapeto pake sadatsatire. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti pambuyo kuchepetsa oipa wa NMC ndi drafting a ogulitsa mgwirizanowo anayamba kuzindikira kuti iwo sangathe kupereka ntchito kapena katundu okwanira poyamba akufuna ndalama.
• Akuphedwa ntchito, kundipatsako kwa katundu sakugwirizana ndi khalidwe. Izi kwenikweni chikutanthauza malonda pa kundipatsako kwa zakudya zosiyanasiyana, kenako opindula mpikisanowo anayamba kupereka anachedwa kapena zosalongosoka katundu cholinga chokhacho - kukumana mtengo akufuna.
• Mgwirizanowo tidzakwatulidwa kutsazikana kukhoti.
• Iwe uyenera kutaya nthawi kuchita kukonzanso wachifundo.

The oyamba a kusintha kwa malamulo panopa m'munda wa tenders oyang'anira tauni ndi boma lakonzedwa kuti vutoli. Makamaka, odana ndi Kutaya 44 FL anaphunzitsidwa kuti ntchito pa mipikisano yosiyanasiyana ndi amagulitsa nsombazo. Makonzedwe amenewa enshrined m'nkhani 37 ya malamulo atsopano a dongosolo mgwirizanowo. miyeso Anti-Kutaya pa 44 FZ sangathe ntchito mu zogula ndi njira ina iliyonse, ndipo mu nkhani iyi, bizinezi ali ndi ufulu kulemba dandaulo kutero ndi makasitomala.

Kodi n'chiyani?

Ngati NMC ya mgwirizano ndi zosakwana 15 miliyoni rubles, koma ofuna kugula opambana mtengo, ndilo poyerekeza ananena ndi oposa 25%, zimene zinachitikira kudzakhala nkhani Kukwanilitsa mgwirizano, amene ayenera kukhala chimodzi ndi theka nthawi kukula anasonyeza mu zolembedwa za, kapena kubala china chilichonse chimene anatha kuchitira umboni kukhulupirika kwake.

Ngati NMC kuposa ndalama zimenezi, wophunzira amapereka ndalama ndi oposa 25% poyerekeza ankati, ndiye, monga momwe zafotokozedwera Federal Chilamulo 44 FZ, mu nkhani iyi, palibe zokhudza chikhulupiriro chawo wabwino si chofunika, ndipo adzakula Mulimonsemo kupereka chitetezo.

Kudziwa?

Nthawi zambiri, ndi opereka zochuluka sangathe kupereka chitetezo, mogwirizana ndi zimene lamulo limapereka mwayi kutsimikiza mtima wosagawanika. Mfundo zimenezi mwina fotokozerani zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zikuphatikizapo mndandanda wa zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso kutsimikizira kuti kampani akukwaniritsa kudzipereka yake pansi pa mapangano a. Makamaka, Federal Chilamulo 44 FZ amapereka kuthekera kupereka mfundo zotsatirazi:

• M'zaka pamaso pa tsiku yofunsira nawo aang'ono kampani anachita mapangano atatu kapena kuposa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo iwo anachita popanda kugwiritsa ntchito chilango chilichonse poyerekezera ndi ophunzira a.
• Ngati WOPEREKA salandira pamaso pa oyang'anira tauni kapena pagulu zogula pa chaka isanafike tsiku Kutengera, akhoza kupereka uthenga uliwonse umene anatha kuchitira umboni kuti ntchito udindo wake anayi kapena kuposa zimenezi kwa zaka ziwiri, koma zambiri 75% ya iwo aphedwe popanda pansi zilango ndi ndalama.
• Pa zaka zitatu yapitayi kusumako wa bizinezi ntchito anachita mapangano atatu kapena kuposa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mulibe ntchito ndalama kapena chilango.

Chinthu chokha Dziwani - mu zinthu zimenezi, phindu lililonse mgwirizano ayenera kukhala osachepera 20% kuchokera womwe zofunika akumufunsira kunena mgwirizano. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mgwirizano ndi Pomaliza pa mtengo wa miliyoni 100 rubles, ndiye ophunzira ayenera kuuzidwa za kuti nthawi yapita ija, iye anachita nambala inayake ya zimenezi, ndipo mmodzi wa iwo anali ndi mtengo wa osachepera 20 miliyoni.

Koma, monga tanenera pamwambapa, ngati NMC ndi oposa 15 miliyoni rubles, ndi pa gulu lomwelo Akuuza mtengo wa mgwirizano ndi 25% poyerekeza ankanena, iye akutaya luso logwiritsa ntchito zina mwa mawonekedwe a chitsimikiziro cha chikhulupiriro chawo chabwino deta aliyense, ndipo Mulimonsemo ayenera kukhala kupereka kuchuluka Kukwanilitsa udindo wake.

Kodi zimenezi m'Baibulo?

The Commission ndi chinkhoswe kugula, akhoza kukana ntchito iliyonse ngati zojambulidwazo kuferatu. Chigamulo kukana ntchito sikuti opezeka mu mphindi, ndi zifukwa zapadera, ndiye mfundo Zikuvumbulutsidwa kwa ogulidwa ndi ophunzira amene anagonjera ntchito kwa munthu pazipita tsiku lina ntchito kwa deti la kusaina protocol lapansi.

Ngati wina mgulu pokonza mtima zothetsera si analozera china chilichonse chimene anatha kuchitira umboni kukhulupirika kwake, ndiye zojambula ndi mgwirizano naye pokhapokha chitetezo operekedwa. Lerolino, miyeso odana ndi kukhuthula ku Soviet Customs ntchito pafupifupi options onse zogula.

makasitomala ambiri sakudziwa ngati mukufuna Pre-kulembetsa mu zolembedwa yobetcherana, kuti ngati WOPEREKA akufuna kuchepetsa ndalama mgwirizano ndi oposa 25% amapereka kwa iyo ndi ntchito ya kupereka kulungamitsidwa mtengo. Ndipotu, katundu ndi ntchito imeneyi chikangoperekedwa Mulimonsemo malinga ndi lamulo applicable, ndipo ngati kasitomala sichikhala analozera amafuna zogwirizana mu zolembedwa chenicheni ndi ufulu wotilamula substantiation ndipo mawerengedwe a mtengo uwu. Kukhoza amafuna zikalata zofunika, kapena kukana ntchito ya chipani chilichonse likhoza ajombera. Koma Mulimonsemo, kupewa mikangano iliyonse, ndi bwino kupereka kwa onse pasadakhale ndiponso kutchulidwa zolembedwa za chikhalidwe ndi milandu maphunziro.

mpikisano

Ngati kampani atenga mbali mu mpikisano, zimene zinachitikira kudzakhala imfomeshoni onse okhudzidwa mu ndondomeko yolemba ntchito. Zochita izo zikuwoneka ngati kuti WOPEREKA pambuyo familiarization ndi zonse zolembedwa wachifundo ndi mawerengedwe kuti akhoza kupereka mtengo wotsika wa poyambira, mwachitsanzo, 30% ayenera kukhala mbali ya zothetsera wachifundo kupereka zikalata zina kuti ndiyedi chikhulupiriro chake wabwino, malinga ndi mndandanda wa ovomerezeka pambuyo kumayambiriro miyeso odana ndi kukhuthula zonse.

Kulandira pempho, makasitomala ayenera kutsimikizira ndi lolondola zambiri pa udindo winanso ophunzira weniweni mu kaundula wa mapangano, kuti, onani:

• kuli Mapangano ena;
• kugwilizana mtengo kufunika mwachindunji;
• pakalibe chilango chilichonse, ndalama ndi zilango zina anatumizidwa chifukwa kuphedwa molakwika udindo pansi mapangidwe zimenezi.

yobetcherana

Pankhani ya nawo kampani ogulitsira malonda ayenera kupereka umboni wa chikhulupiriro zake zabwino, ku mbali ya wogulayo kusaina mgwirizano kusodza.

Ntchito miyeso wapadera odana ndi kukhuthula amapereka Kukwanilitsa mgwirizano ndi chipani amene mgwirizanowo mpaka pamapeto pake. Ngati katundu amalephera kukwaniritsa lamulo limeneli, linalembedwa monga kukondera pa drafting ya mgwirizano, kenako kupatuka wapangidwa ndi protocol boma anaika mu dongosolo mfundo limodzi.

Tikumbukenso kuti ngati mfundo imene ophunzira, ndi Commission amazindikira onyenga, zimene zinachitikira izo sizingakhoze kulemba pangano ndi iye, kachiwiri, ali evaded kukafola mgwirizanowo. Imeneyi, kusankha komiti pa tendering ayenera kwenikweni aphedwe ndi protocol zogwirizana, anaika mu dongosolo mudziwe wosakwatiwa ndipo anabweretsa chidwi cha ophunzira aliyense mkati tsiku lina ntchito kwa deti la kusaina protocol lapansi.

Features ya ntchito

Malinga ndi Art. 37, odana ndi kukhuthula miyeso chagwiritsidwa mu dongosolo achindunji ndondomeko kukwaniritsa zogula wapadera. Makamaka, kuphatikizapo bungwe kupikisana zosiyanasiyana zimene ojambula zithunzi kupeza chifukwa kafukufuku, sayansi kapena sayansi kafukufuku, komanso kupereka zokambiranazo zosiyanasiyana.

Pogwira ntchito ngati makasitomala ali ndi ufulu kukhazikitsa mu mtima zolembedwa kuti mfundo zosiyanasiyana za muyezo ntchito yofufuza, ngati membala akufuna kutsatira mtengo, ndilo poyerekeza ananena 25%.

Ngati mtengo zothetsera pansipa za NMC mgwirizano oposa 25%, ndiye ntchito odana ndi kukhuthula imagwiridwa motere: phindu tanthauzo la muyezo Izi wofanana 10% ya okwana awa i zonse zoyenerera kuwunika.

Ngati waukulu nkhani nkhani ya mgwirizano, kumapeto zomwe wachifundo pagulu kapena ogulitsira malonda, ndi mwa kundipatsako kwa katundu aliyense zofunika yachibadwa thandizo moyo, ndiye chipani kupereka mgwirizanowo kufunika oposa 25% poyerekeza wapachiyambi, ndi kupereka makasitomala ndi kulungamitsidwa zoterozo mitengo. Anti-kukhuthula ndi countervailing miyeso mu nkhani iyi, kuthandiza kuti kwambiri kusintha khalidwe la ntchito za ntchito yawo mamembala a "osasankhidwa" executors oipa, monga m'pofunika kupereka kwa Kutengera ntchito ngati:

• kalata chitsimikizo kwa Mlengi, amene adzakhala mwachindunji phindu lenileni ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala aziwapatsa;
• zikalata zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti mpikisano ali kugula katundu anati chofunika;
• zikalata zina ndi anapezazo, amene akanatha kukhala ndi chitsimikizo cha kuthekera kugula gulu kuonetsetsa mwa kundipatsako kwa katundu pa mtengo anapereka.

NKHANI mitundu ya ntchito

Kutenga mbali mu mpikisano, wodandaulayu ayenera kupereka monga mbali ya zothetsera chowaloleza ake kuchita izo.

Ngati zogula ntchito mu ndondomeko ya potaya ntchito amadziwa kuti chikalata ichi ndi kofunika, koma anapereka, ntchito akhoza kukanidwa. Chigamulo Commission pa nkhaniyi, muyezo ayenera analembedwa Mphindi wa kuwunika ndi kulingalira ntchito kuchita ogulitsira malonda, kapena kuganizira za ntchito limodzi.

Pamene yobetcherana amaperekedwa kalata chitsimikizo kapena ya zikalata kutsimikizira pamaso pa mankhwala ena. Zonse zolembedwa izi ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa makasitomala motsogozedwa ntchito kale walemba zimenezi. Ngati wina mgulu amalephera kutsatira malamulo amenewa, ndiye, satumiza phukusi lamanja la mapepala, ndiye odana ndi kukhuthula miyeso ntchito mu malinga ndi chilamulo 44 FZ. Choncho wakhala evaded kukafola mgwirizanowo.

Mlanduwu kuphunzira

Wopambana adzakhala manyazi kukafola mgwirizanowo, kuti makasitomala anapereka anazindikira kuti ophunzira amene ntchito anapambana lachiwiri, ndipo anavomera, koma mtengo wake akufuna zaka 25% m'munsi poyerekeza ndi choyambirira. Choncho, chipani ichi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito miyezo yoyenera, ndicho, kuti tiyenera jambulani ayamba kukhwimitsa chitetezo kapena kupereka zomwe akanakhoza kutsimikizira chikhulupiriro chake chabwino.

amafuna chipani awa si anamvera, kotero kuti mpikisano ulamuliro m'gulu la kampani mu kaundula wa ogulitsa kuponderezedwa.

Pambuyo pempho chigamulo chigamulo Bwalo la thupi antimonopoly linali lathunthu. Ngati wina mgulu, amene anatenga malo wachiwiri mpikisano, walola kulowa mgwirizano, amaona wopambana, koma akapanda kukwaniritsa zofuna za Article 37 la chilamulo zogwirizana, wopambana uyu evaded mgwirizano.

Pamene iwo simungawagwiritse?

Kuyambira June 2014, malinga ndi malamulo panopa, pali zinthu zingapo zimene wapadera zoteteza antidumping ndi countervailing tingatani osati ntchito. Izi zimachitika Zikatero, pamene:

• Ikuchitika kugula mankhwala m'gulu chisanadze ovomerezedwa ndi boma la Russian Federation mndandanda wa mankhwala ofunika kwambiri ndiponso zofunika.
• kugula chipani chimene mapeto a mgwirizano ikuchitika, limatithandiza mtengo wa mankhwala anagula, kuchepetsa ndi oposa 25% poyerekeza ndi olembedwa pazipita kugulitsa mtengo anakhazikitsa malinga ndi malamulo panopa zokhudza mankhwala mankhwala.

Motero, pangano pa miyeso odana ndi kukhuthula amapereka kwa kuchotsa awo chipani ngati akukwaniritsa ziyeneretso pamwamba.