Amapasa chododometsa (ndinaganiza kuyesera): Kufotokoza

Cholinga cha kafukufuku ganizo lotchedwa "amapasa chododometsa" anali yotsutsa kugwirizana ndi zotuluka pa chiphunzitso chapadera cha relativity (p). Iwo ayenera yomweyo kusungitsa malo, kuti za chododometsa chilichonse kwenikweni kuchokera funso, monga mawu amenewa amapezeka mu phunziro chifukwa chokamba kuyesa ganizo unali molakwa anamasulira.

Ganizo yaikulu ya SRT

The chododometsa wa relativity (mapasa chododometsa) limati "amodzi" amatsata amaona zinthu kusuntha monga ndondomeko kubweza. Malinga ndi chimodzimodzi chiphunzitso inertial dongosolo Buku (m'dongosolo limene kayendedwe ka matupi lotayirira amapezeka uniformly, kapena ali pa mpumulo) ofanana ndi mnzake.

The chododometsa wa ana amapasa: mwachidule

Poganizira chachiwiri zopanda kusatsatira ukapezeka kopanda wa relativity wapadera. Kuthetsa nkhaniyi bwino, anali anapempha kuti tikambirane zinthu ndi abale awiri amapasa. Limodzi (ndi - Traveler) imatumizidwa danga ndege, ndi zina (bedi mbatata) yatsala pa dziko lapansi.

Mawu a amapasa chododometsa wotere zambiri zikupita monga izi: Kafukufuku homebody, nthawi pa wotchi, amene ali mlendo, kusuntha pang'onopang'ono, kutanthauza kuti pamene iye akubwerera, iye (wapaulendo), wotchi adzagwa kumbuyo. Traveler, Komano, amaona kuti limayenda wachibale Padziko Lapansi (zomwe ndi homebody ndi wotchi ake), ndipo mmene wake, iyo inali nthawi m'bale wake udzapita pang'onopang'ono.

Ndipotu, abale awiri ofanana, chotero, pamene iwo adzakhala palimodzi, nthawi yawo idzakhala nthawi yomweyo. Pa nthawi yomweyo pa chiphunzitso cha relativity kuti azisunga ndiziyang'anira mchimwene-wapaulendo. Izi kuphwanya akuoneka chosokonekera chinaoneka ngati kusatsatira ya chiphunzitso.

Amapasa chododometsa chiphunzitso Einstein wa relativity

Mu 1905, Albert Einstein anachokera ndi Lingaliro Lovomerezeka, umene umati pamene imeneyi A peyala ya maloboti ndi maola mzake, inu mukhoza kumayenda ena a iwo pamodzi ndi yokhota kumapeto chatsekedwa njira ndi liwiro zonse bola ngati iwo anapanga A (ndi iyi iwo udzakhala Mwachitsanzo, T masekondi), koma pa mphindi akufika kuwonetsa nthawi pasanathe maola wotsala chete.

zaka sikisi, udindo wa chododometsa chiphunzitso ichi anapereka Pol Lanzheven. "Atakulungidwa" mu nkhani zithunzi pasanapite zinatchuka ngakhale anthu kutali sayansi. Mu maganizo a Langevin, umboni chiphunzitso anafotokoza chifukwa chakuti, kubwerera ku dziko lapansi, ndi wapaulendo achokapo mofulumira.

Patapita zaka ziwiri, Max Von Laue anali patsogolo lomwe si mphindi kwambiri a mathamangitsidwe wa chinthu, ndi chakuti iye akuona kuti ndi osiyana inertial chimango Buku, pamene zikuoneka pa Dziko Lapansi.

Pomaliza mu 1918 Einstein yekha akhoza kufotokoza chododometsa a mapasa mwa chikoka cha m'munda yokoka pa pakapita nthawi.

Malongosoledwe a chododometsa ndi

amapasa chododometsa Ayi losavuta: pa kopanda choyambirira cha kusasiyana pakati pa mafelemu awiri Buku cholakwika. Apaulendo anali mu dongosolo inertial Buku si nthawi zonse (ichi imakhudzanso mbiri ya koloko).

Motero ambiri anaona kuti chiphunzitso chapadera cha relativity sangathe ntchito kukonza mawu a amapasa chododometsa, kapena analandira atakwatirana ndi maulosi mzake.

Chirichonse linathera pamene analengedwa chiphunzitso ambiri relativity. Iye anapereka njira yolondola vutolo ndipo anatha kutsimikiza kuti ndi wa peyala ya anthu adzasunga mawotchi maloboti amene akutero. Moti poyamba ntchito paradoxical analandira udindo wamba.

nkhani wolongolola

Pali nkhambakamwa kuti mathamangitsidwe nthawi yaikulu zokwanira kusintha wotchi liwiro. Koma pa zoyesa experimental izo anawonetsedwa kuti mchikakamizo cha mofulumira ndime ya nthawi sakhala imathandizira ndi decelerate.

M'gawo mapeto a njira yodutsamo limene mmodzi wa abale inapita amaonetsera ena asymmetry akuwuka pakati pa wapaulendo ndi mbatata bedi.

Koma mawu amenewa kufotokoza chifukwa nthawi mochedwa pansi pa chinthu chokwawa osati zimene amakhala yekha.

afufuze mchitidwe

Didimo Zodzitsutsa mitunduyi ndi theorems kufotokoza chimodzimodzi, koma kuti munthu wosadziŵa kovuta. Anthu amene amakonda kukhulupirira mchitidwe m'malo kuwerengetsera ongolankhula, pakhala zatsopano zambiri umalimbana kutsimikizira kapena kutsutsa chiphunzitso cha relativity.

Ngati munthu, tinali ndi wotchi atomiki. Iwo yodziwika ndi mkulu-mwatsatanetsatane, ndi osachepera mwa kulunzanitsa angawathandize zaka zoposa wani miliyoni. Anayikidwa mu ndege galimotolo iwo anaulukira padziko Lapansi kangapo, ndipo atamaliza kuonetsa ndithu noticeable kwanthawi ya wotchi zimene kuuluka. Ndipo ngakhale kuti kayendedwe liwiro la chitsanzo wotchi woyamba sanali kuwala.

Chitsanzo china: moyo wautali wa muons (ma elekitironi lolemera). Izi particles chiyambidwe cha mazana angapo nthawi ankawonjezereka kuposa masiku, ndi kuyang'anira zoipa ndipo anapanga mu wosanjikiza chapamwamba m'mlengalenga chifukwa zochita za kuwala kwa dziko. liwiro zawo pansi okha concede kuwala pang'ono. Pamene moyo wawo woona amayembekezeka (2 microseconds), iwo kuwola mwansanga koposa kukhudza padziko lapansili. Koma m'kupita kwa ndege, amakhala nthawi yaitali 15 (30 microseconds) ndipo komabe kukwaniritsa cholinga.

The chifukwa mwakuthupi nzeru zizindikiro ndi chododometsa

Didimo Zodzitsutsa anafotokoza sayansi chinenero mosavuta. Malinga ngati pali ndege, m'bale onse amapasa ziri osiyanasiyana lililonse zone mzake ndipo sangathe kuchita kuonetsetsa kuti mawotchi awo ikuyenda synchronously. Kudziwa mmene kubweza kayendedwe ka maola apaulendo mungathe, ngati ife kupenda zizindikiro kuti iwo kutumiza kwa wina ndi mzake. Izi wabwino chizindikiro "nthawi yeniyeni" choonetsedwa monga nyemba kuwala kapena kanema kufala wotchi nkhope.

Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti mbendera sati opatsirana mu nthawi yeniyeni, ndipo m'mbuyomu, kuyambira mbendera kafalitsidwe limapezeka pa liwiro ena ndipo amafuna nthawi amayenda gwero kuti wolandila lapansi.

Bwino amati ndi kukambirana chizindikiro kungachititse basi mmene Doppler: ndi kuchotsa gwero ku wolandila pafupipafupi chizindikiro yafupika, ndi pamene tipemphela - kuwonjezeka.

Mawu a malongosoledwe a zinthu paradoxical

Kufotokoza paradoxes nthano zotero mapasa, mungagwiritse ntchito m'njira ziwiri:

1. Kuona bwinobwino zilipo yamanga koyenera kwa zotsutsana ndi kudziwa zolakwa zomveka mu unyolo wa maganizo.
2. Kukhazikitsa kuwerengetsera mwatsatanetsatane kuwunika chopinga mfundo nthawi mawu a aliyense wa abale.

Gulu loyamba mawu zowerengera zochokera malo nalowa mu dongosolo inertial pakuyenerera. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti zinthu zokhudzana ndi mathamangitsidwe wa gululi ndi wochepa poyerekezera ndi kutalika kwa ndege, kuti iwo akhoza kuwasamalira. Nthawi zina, asalowe wachitatu inertial chimango Buku chokwawa kudzera kauntala malangizo ndi wapaulendo ndi ntchito kusamutsa kafukufuku wotchi padziko lapansi.

Gulu lachiwiri kumaphatikizapo kuwerengetsa anamanga anapatsidwa chakuti mphindi inapita zoyenda akadali pano. gulu wokha sukhalira anagawa m'magulu awiri: mmodzi amagwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitso yokoka (general relativity), ndi zina - palibe. Ngati ambiri relativity munthu, amaganiza kuti aone kuti pali pamaoneka munda yokoka womwe dongosolo mathamangitsidwe, ndipo amaganizira nthawi mlingo kusintha otaya.

Pomaliza

Zokambirana zonse zokhudzana ndi chododometsa kungoganiza, chifukwa zinkaoneka zomveka zolakwa. Ziribe kanthu momwe zikhalidwe za vuto akhala anakonza kuonetsetsa kuti abale anapeza okha zinthu symmetrical kwathunthu, sikutheka. Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti nthawi mochedwa ndendende pa wotchi kusuntha, zomwe zimayenera kudutsa kusintha mafelemu Buku, chifukwa chochitika simultaneity ndi wachibale.

Muwerengere kuchuluka nthawi mochedwa ku maganizo a wina wa abale, m'njira ziwiri: pogwiritsa ntchito yosavuta mu chimango cha chiphunzitso chapadera cha relativity, kapena kuganizira kwambiri sanali inertial chimango pakuyenerera. Zotsatira za dera onse kompyuta akhoza matanthauzo anagwirizana ndi mofanana kutumikira zimatsimikizira kuti ikuyenda wotchi nthawi msanga.

Pa mfundo imeneyi, tikhoza kuganiza kuti kulanda ganizo kuyesera kwenikweni amene adzatenga malo homebody, kwenikweni amakalamba mofulumira kuposa mlendo.