Kodi hydra? Coelenterates Maphunziro a hydroid

Kuyambira Nkhani limeneli muphunzira zimene hydra. Izi woimira coelenterates yodziwika ndi njira zambiri zovuta kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zamoyo woyamba multicellular - thonje. Kodi peculiarities dongosolo ndi chifukwa chake? Tiyeni tione pamodzi.

Kodi Hydra mu Mythology

mitundu Izi zimapangitsa dzina lake chifukwa cha kufanana ndi m'nthano ngwazi - Lernaean hydra. Malinga ndi nthano, anali ngati njoka ngati chilombo mpweya chakupha. thupi Hydra anali atsogoleri angapo. Akugonjetsa, izo sizikanakhoza kukhala aliyense - pa malo mutu kugwetsa yomweyo anakula ochepa atsopano.

Nakhazikika Lernaean Hydra mu Nyanja Lerna, amene anali kulondera khomo la pansi Hade. Hercules yekha anatha kudula mutu wake wosafa. Pambuyo m'manda mu nthaka ndi anaponya mwala wolemetsa. Izi ndi ntchito yachiwiri ya Hercules ndi awiri.

Hydra: Biology

Mkulu mphamvu kuti achire otaika ziwalo za thupi kapena kubadwanso khalidwe ndi madzi oyera hydra. Nyama imeneyi ndi nthumwi ya mtundu wa coelenterates. Nanga ndi hydra? Izi umodzi madzi oyera polyp, amene yekha Ufumuyo moyo.

General maonekedwe a coelenterates

Ngati coelenterate onse, Hydra ndi moyo m'madzi. Izo wakonda osaya chithaphwi, nyanja kapena mtsinje ndi panopa laling'ono, limene kuwalola Ufumuyo zomera, kapena zinthu pafupi-pansi.

Makalasi amene timapemphera Hydroids coelenterates, modabwitsa ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono matanthwe. Kwa anthu owayimilira onse yodziwika ndi zozungulira kapena zozungulira chosokonekera. Izi Mbali structural kugwirizana ndi moyo wongokhala. Pakati pa thupi nyama mukhoza kuika mfundo kungoganiza limene mbali zonse kugwira cheza cha.

coelenterates onse nyama multicellular, mbwenye nkhabe kupanga zimakhala. thupi lawo ukufanizidwa ndi zigawo ziwiri za maselo apadera. Ili mkati lumen wa matumbo, imene chimbudzi chakudya. magulu osiyanasiyana a coelenterates njira zosiyanasiyana m'moyo:

• Hydroids Ufumuyo gawo lapansi kudzera mwa yekha ndi osakwatira.
• tizilombo ting'onoting'ono Miyala amagwiritsidwa mapulani koma mawonekedwe madera alipo anthu ambiri.
• Modabwitsa kusambira mwachangu mu ndime madzi. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo yafupika belu ndi madzi anakankhira ndi mphamvu. Kuyendetsa kumeneku amatchedwa zotakasika.

kapangidwe thupi

Thupi la madzi oyera hydra zikuwoneka ngati phesi. maziko ake akutchedwa yekha. Ndi kumachitika nyama ubwenzi zinthu m'madzi. Kumapeto ina ya thupi ndi pakamwa kutsegula atazungulira tentacles. Zimadzetsa ku lumen wa matumbo.

Hydra thupi khoma tichipeza awiri zigawo maselo. The kunja amatchedwa ectoderm. Iwo wapangidwa ndi khungu ndi minofu, mitsempha, wapakatikati ndi maselo lobaya. The M'kati, kapena endoderm anapanga mitundu ina - m'mimba ndi glandular. Pakati pa zigawo za thupi wosanjikiza extracellular masanjidwewo amene ali mawonekedwe mbale.

Mitundu Cell ndi njira ya moyo

Popeza thupi la hydra si anapanga zimakhala kapena ziwalo, njira zonse zokhudza thupi akutsatiridwa ndi thandizo maselo apadera. Choncho, zaminyewa-akulu kupereka kayendedwe. Inde, ngakhale njira yoikika moyo hydroid amasamukira. M'nthawi yafupika maselo izi zaminyewa-minofu ya mbali ina ya thupi la nyama ndi "linapendekeka", waima pa tentacles ndiyeno adatchithisira kumtunda yekha lapansi. Chotero kunachititsa amatchedwa kuyenda.

Pakati pa maselo zaminyewa-akulu mitsempha ndi nyenyezi-mphako. Ndi thandizo lawo nyama ndazindikira zikuchitika kwa chilengedwe ndi mu njira ina zimenezo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati zowawa hydra singano, izo wabwerera.

Ectoderm limapangidwa ndi maselo wapakatikati. Angathe kusinthika kodabwitsa. Ngati ndi kotheka, iwo apanga maselo a mtundu uliwonse. Ndi iwo amene ali ndi udindo kwa mkulu mlingo wa ayambe nyama. Amadziwika kuti hydra kungathandizire achire mbali ya 1/200 kapena boma slurry ngati.

Maselo wapakatikati likakhazikitsidwa komanso kugonana. Izi zimachitika ndi isanayambike ya nyundo. Pankhaniyi, dzira ndi umuna lama fuyusi kupanga zygote, ndi chamoyo akuchikazi afa. M'chaka cha kukhazikitsa anthu achichepere. Chilimwe hydra imabereka ndi budding - anapanga hillock ang'ono, amene kumawonjezera kukula, kukhala mbali ya chamoyo wamkulu pa thupi lake. Ndi kukula izo unagawanika kutali ndi kunditumiza ku kuli palokha.

The endoderm coelenterates ili maselo m'mimba. Mu pali akuwaza zakudya. A maselo England secrete michere mu lumen wa matumbo, chifukwa chakudya igwera mu zidutswa. Choncho, ambiri a mitundu iwiri hydra chimbudzi. Iwo amatchedwa okhudza maselo ambiri ndi chikhodzodzo.

maselo lobaya

N'zosatheka funsolo, kodi hydra, ngati sakudziwa ndi peculiarities wa maselo lobaya. Mu chikhalidwe, amapezeka kokha nyama coelenterates. Ndi iwo ndiotetezedwa, kuwonongeka ndi kupanga kugwira. Choncho, kuchuluka kwawo lalikulu ndi oyenerera pa tentacles lapansi.

Lobaya selo imakhala kapisozi ndi ulusi wopota helically. Pamwamba pa nyumba imeneyi ndi yovuta tsitsi. Zinali wakwiya wake nyama amasambira ndi. Chifukwa, ulusi ndi kanthu ndi mphamvu ya kukumba mu thupi wovulalayo, zanzi izo.

Ndi mtundu wa mphamvu coelenterates, hydra makamaka ogwirira heterotrophic. Iwo kudya invertebrates yaing'ono m'madzi. Mwachitsanzo, daphnia, cyclops, oligochaetes, rotifers, nthata, udzudzu mphutsi ndi nsomba mwachangu.

kutanthauza coelenterates

Mtengo wa hydra m'chilengedwe makamaka kwagona kuti amachita monga kwachilengedwenso fyuluta feeders. Iwo amatitsuka madzi particles inaimitsidwa, amene amadya. Izi ndi zofunika kugwirizana mphamvu madera madzi oyera. Hydro kudyetsa ena cladocerans, turbellarians ndi nsomba zazikulu kuposa 4 cm. Mal'kov hydra yokha amakhudza njoka maselo lobaya.

Koma asayansi pa funso, kodi hydra mwina kuyankha kuti ndi yodziwika chinthu mayesero zasayansi. Izi mbali coelenterates kuphunzira kusinthika njira, Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa m'munsi multicellular, budding.

Choncho, madzi oyera hydra ndi nthumwi ya mtundu kalasi Hydroids Coelenterates. Izi awiri wosanjikiza multicellular nyama ndi zozungulira chosokonekera, thupi lake wapangidwa mitundu yambiri ya maselo apadera.