Abrek - ndani izi? Amene iwo amachitcha, ndipo kodi tanthauzo la liwu?

Abrek wotchedwa adachoka ku Phiri akugonera mphamvu ndi malamulo, kutsogolera moyo wobisa zinthu ndiponso nthawi kuchita anawazunza zolusa. Mu North Caucasus anthu abrek - mtundu wa ukapolo, limene kwa upandu anali kutsogolera kuyendayenda ndi theka zolusa moyo. Nanga atchulidwa akusimba nkhaniyo? Malinga ndi mfundo, mawu akuti "abrek" likuchokera ku dzina la Ossetian "abyraeg" kapena "Abregov" kutanthauza "woyendayenda". Kenako, akuti "abrek" ndinayamba anazindikira monga "wawachifwamba" ndi "wachifwamba."

Musanyengedwe zolembalemba

anthu Russian ndithu nthawi yaitali anayang'ana pa ng'ombezi mwa prism wa munthu wina ndakatulo. Nthawi zambiri ndi ntchito za olemba a chi Russian ndi olemba achititsa kuti kulenga zithunzi yosangalatsa ya "ana a m'mapiri", monga Kazbich, Ismail Bey, ndi Hadji Murad. Kwa zaka zambiri, ndi Luso ndakatulo zambiri mosasintha kupita anaiwalika. Iwo anali m'malo ndi prose nkhanza weniweni. Kodi kukhala yokokedwa kuyang'ana zabwino ndi chikondi amuna mu mapiri, mu maganizo a anthu ena, yakhala mantha ndi kusafuna kuthana nawo.

Kufotokozera popanda chikondi

boma la Russia mu Caucasus nacho abrekskim kuyenda. Koma pa chiyambi cha XIX atumwi Bronevsky m'buku lake powerenga "Caucasians" zokongola kwambiri ndi authentically anafotokoza wakuba zamanja mapiri. Iye anafotokoza mmene Chechens, anaika moyo wake, mtsinje Terek ndi masiku 2-3 kuyembekezera maonekedwe a msewu kopanda wamalonda kapena wapolisi. Ndipo akudikira, iwo anaukira iye, atamangirira chipika ndipo potero poyendetsedwa amphamvu phiri mtsinjewo lawo. Pambuyo limenelo anatuluka kulankhulana ndi akuluakulu kapena achibale a wobedwayo acimuuza dipo. Nthawi zambiri, kuti kupita anali kuthandiza ndalama wabwino. Ndipo m'malo ndi chenicheni cha mawu akuti "abrek" mtengo ndiponso wachangu kuti mosamalitsa zosiyana.

magwero Causal

Azambiriyakale kuyesa kugawanitsa kusamvera onse magulu awiri. The zikuchokera woyamba amakhala motere: abrek - ndi amene ankaimba kamodzi malamulo atsamunda a tsarism ndi ochititsa ake. Gulu lachiwiri zikuphatikizapo Zankhanza mwachizolowezi nawo bandit akufika ndi looting chifukwa cha dyera. Komabe, njira yomweyo ndi Choyamba, Chachiwiri, ndi kuziika pa ndime ndi zigawenga. "Zigawenga Political" Cossacks Russian ndi mphamvu ya kusamvera North County sanailingalirepo.

Mwina pa ng'ombezi zolusa nsomba anakankhira zifukwa zachuma, chifukwa mu mapiri mmene ntchito kapena ndalama, si zokoma kukula. Kapena kupulumutsidwa ndi ntchito ng'ombe kuswana. Ndipo pa chigwa, iwo anali osayenera kukhala nawo. Zimenezi zinachititsa chakuti amuna mapiri angayerekeze cholimbana akuba ndi akuba. Pakati pa miyala iwo anamanga nsanja za miyala, amene anabisala mlendo kubedwa ng'ombe. Ngakhale ngakhale chilombo anabadwa ena ulamuliro: ngati muli ndi nthawi galimoto ng'ombe kubedwa kapena nkhosa nsanja wake kudzatseka zipata, kuti nyama zimenezi amakhala wanu.

Kuyambira kusayeruzika kwa kusayeruzika

Popeza mapeto a XIX m'ma milandu ambiri Brigandage anayamba kufalitsa pa dera la dera Terek, omwe udali mu vuto kufanana m'malo lalikulu. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha 1910 kuti adayikiza 3650 zida kuukira zolusa. Chosaneneka adani a anthu olemera, akuluakulu chiwonongeko makonzedwe kuukira sitima chikuku, pa Zachuma ndi mabanki kuti masitolo ndi masitolo ndi katundu, zakuba mwadongosolo ng'ombe ndi mahatchi - chabe Chipatso manowa anthu chidaliro kuti abrek - izo choipa ndi chisokonezeko, kumene pafupifupi alibe chitetezo. Koma si onse omwe analipo, ndi pansi tilalikira kuyerekeza anthu awiri, opanda anzawo awiri a anthu, ndipo inu nokha zoona zake mutamva.

Osman abrek Mutu (Groznenskiy District)

Osman anali a otchuka Chechen banja, kamodzi amene anakhala wotchuka mu nkhondo pansi pa utsogoleri wa Shamil. Ntchito msilikali ndi obisika kupanduka sankafuna Man. Anaphunzira Grozny, ndipo ankafuna kuti akhale womasulira wabwino kulowa ntchito ya boma. Kumwalira kwa makolo amakakamizidwa mnyamata kuyiwala za maphunziro awo ndi kubwerera kumudzi kwawo, kumene m'mudzimo kale analandira si monga, koma ngati "mlendo". Osman sadzachitanso zina zofunika pamoyo, koma kuti zinthu zophwanya malamulo sanali mu malingaliro ake.

Ndipo pamene chigawo makonzedwe mogwirizana ndi kusayeruzika kukula ndi milandu kawirikawiri looting adamfunsa kugonja "mamembala mwankhanza" kwa Ayuda anatengedwa kupita ku Siberia, ndiye m'mudzimo mwachinyengo anapatsa kuphedwa kwa Osman ndi anthu onse amene panalibe kupembedzela. Ku Siberia munthu adathawa, osati kubisala, iye anayamba kulamulira ndi pempho kuti afufuze cholakwa. Pamene mutu wa m'deralo anatumikira monga General wandiweyani. Iye moona mtima anapita nkhaniyi, anafufuza mlanduwu kuboma Osman wolakwa. Koma mwamtendere kachiwiri, iwo sanali kumupatsa m'mudzimo onse yemweyo amene analembanso pa mlandu wake wabodza. Ndipo Siberia kachiwiri kuthawa. Koma pamene anabwerera kwawo, tsopano Mutu mbisoweka mu mapiri.

Chechen "Dubrovsky"

Choncho, zimene akuganiza transmits akuti "abrek"? Mawu kaŵirikaŵiri pamodzi ndi otchuka, mu nkhani ya Osman Mutuevym. Anasokonezeka kuperekedwa anthu, Osman osati anaumitsa moyo osati anakwiyira. Wanzeru ndi moona mwamuna - pa izi amagwira dziko - wasanduka mulandu onse chosalungama kukwiya. Pa ichi iye anali nthawizonse olandiridwa ndi ngakhale Kalonga awo. Ndipo chabe banja, kamodzi miseche Osman, komabe anapitiriza yamba masewera iye mphamvu, nawuza ndipo anasonyeza kuti zonse zimene anali kuchita brigands ena. Osman anaphedwa zikulilima wina, bungwe ndi akuluakulu a mokondera chidzudzulo lotsatira.

abrek Umwini

The mapiri a Caucasus mukhoza kuona umasinthasintha, mukhoza zithunzi kwambiri zamatsenga ndi wokongola. abrek, kuwonekera pa maziko awa wokongola, pa nthawi ina kukakamizidwa kuti asiye mawu onse. Umwini - ndi chosiyana kwambiri Osman. Adapulumuka ndende pa mtengo wa anthu kupha angapo, analowa brigands. Umwini anali aafupi, zoonda, ndi kumasonyeza anakwiya pa nkhope yake ndipo thupi lake lonse, iye ankawoneka ngati nyani.

Chinthu chapadera cha mlandu wake - zoopsa, chifundo ndipo opusa adzafune kupha, nthawi zina ngakhale kulanda akuvutika awo. abrek amenewa - anali chirombo mu thupi laumunthu. Akuzipanga mantha ndi Russian, ndi anthu phiri. Ife anadana nazo zonse, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu. Munthu-zinyama zonse kulipira mtundu kwambiri mwankhanza.

Pomaliza

Mawu, wotchedwa akuyendayenda, sakuzindikira malamulo a anthu, kapena kungoti pofuna moyo kunja, anapeza pa nthawi, mtundu negative. Abrekov adawopa. Koma monga kwina kulikonse, anthu ena amabadwa ndi kukhalabe, ena lidzasinthidwa nyama. Mwina kuti si zinthu ozungulira, ndi mphamvu ndi otchuka mzimu?