Monga pali kusintha kwa madzi boma olimba

kusintha mkhalidwe nkhani zokhudzana metamorphosis kutentha, kuthamanga. chinthu chimodzi akhoza kupezeka mu limati zotsatirazi loitanirana: olimba, madzi, gaseous.

Onani kuti kusintha si akuona kusintha mu zikuchokera zakuthupi. The kusintha kwa madzi boma olimba limodzi okha ndi kusintha kwa intermolecular mogwirizana magulu dongosolo la tinthu. Kusintha kwa boma wina ndi mzake amatchedwa gawo kusintha.

limatsogolera

pochita zimenezi kutembenuka kwa olimba mu madzi. Pakuti ake kukhazikitsa amafuna kutentha okwera.

Mwachitsanzo, wina angaone m'chilengedwe amatanthauza kanthu. Physics mosavuta limafotokoza ndondomeko kusungunuka zidutswa za chipale chofeŵa pansi kanthu kunyezimira kasupe. timibulu Small ayezi amene amapanga chisanu, pambuyo Kutentha mpweya ziro kuyamba kugwa. Limatsogolera kumachitika pang'onopang'ono. Choyamba, ayezi zimatenga mphamvu matenthedwe. Monga kutentha amasintha kwathunthu kutembenuka ayezi ndi madzi.

Iwo limodzi ndi kuwonjezeka kwambiri tinthu mathamangidwe, mphamvu ikukhudzana mphamvu mkati kuchuluka udzakwaniritsidwa.

Atafika chizindikiro, wotchedwa limatsogolera kutentha, pali dongosolo olimba a lisaoneke. Ufulu mamolekyulu kwambiri, iwo "kudumpha", agwilitse maudindo osiyana. zinthu zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zosungunula ali ndi kuchuluka zikuluzikulu mphamvu kuposa boma olimba.

akuchiritsa kutentha

The kusintha kwa madzi kuti olimba ikuchitika pa kutentha zina. Ngati kutentha akatulutsidwa thupi, izo amaundana (crystallizes).

Kutentha yochiritsa ndi chimodzi cha makhalidwe ofunika kwambiri.

crystallization

The kusintha kwa madzi ku malo boma olimba amatchedwa crystallization. Pamene madzi kutentha kutengerapo kuchotsa anati kutentha kuchepa mpaka mtengo ena. Gawo kusintha kwa zinthu ku zamadzimadzi olimba sayansi otchedwa crystallization. Mukamakambirana zinthu osati munali zinyalala, mpaka kusungunuka limafanana zosonyezera crystallization.

njira onse zimachitika pang'onopang'ono. The ndondomeko crystallization limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa kayendedwe mphamvu avareji mamolekyulu ali madzi. Mphamvu wokongola umene particles anangokhala kuti ovuta chibadidwe zolimba, akuchita zambiri. Pambuyo particles tikhale ndi dongosolo, mibulu anapanga.

boma akaphatikiza amatchedwa mawonekedwe thupi la thunthu, m'njira zosiyanasiyana zina za mavuto ndi kutentha. Iwo amakhala ndi katundu kachulukidwe amene anasinthidwa pa intervals anasankha:

• luso la zinthu kusintha mawonekedwe ndi buku;
• pakalibe (kukhalapo) kapena kuti osiyanasiyana yaitali.

The ndondomeko crystallization amagwirizana ndi mphamvu zosagwiritsika ntchito, free mphamvu, kachulukidwe, ena zedi thupi.

Kuwonjezera zakumwa, zolimba, gaseous mawonekedwe, olekanitsidwa ndi wina thupi boma - plasma. Iwo angaphunzitse mpweya mu nkhani za kuwonjezeka kutentha pa sanasiye kutiuza.

Mafelemu pakati limati zosiyanasiyana za vuto si opanikiza. Mu sayansi, anatsimikizira kukhalako kwa zolimba amorphous, angathe kusunga dongosolo madzimadzi ndi fluidity yaing'ono. timibulu madzi adzalandira luso polarize ndi cheza mu atomu wakupambana kupyolera mwa iwo.

Pomaliza

Pofuna kufotokoza mayiko osiyanasiyana mu sayansi ntchito zina thermodynamic gawo. zochitika yovuta otchedwa limati amene amanena za kutembenuka kwa gawo wina ndi mzake. Zolimba amasiyana kuteteza pa nthawi yaitali malo ake pakati. Apanga kusinthasintha zazing'ono (ndi matalikidwe osachepera) kuzungulira malo mgwirizano. Kodi makhiristo ndi mawonekedwe ena, umene kusintha kwa boma madzi idzasintha. Information za kutentha otentha (limatsogolera) amalola sayansi ntchito kusintha kwa boma osiyanasiyana zolinga zothandiza.