Kodi malire ndi otani?

Mawu oti "malire" ali ndi zifukwa zolakwika ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matemberero. Zili zofanana ndi zopusa, zopanda malire komanso zachiwawa. Pa nthawi yomweyi, anthu ochepa amaganiza za malire ake komanso kumene anachokera ku Russia. Ndipo izi, osachepera, siziri ndi chidwi.

Kuchokera ku mbiri ya funsoli

Yankho la funso la "malire" limatanthauza chiani, likupezeka pafupifupi zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri za makumi asanu ndi awiri zapitazo. Mzinda wa Soviet Union, mzinda wokhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri ku Moscow, unali wokopa anthu onse m'dzikoli. Mkhalidwe wa moyo mumzindawu unali wosiyana kwambiri ndi wamba. Kodi tiyenera kunena kuti panali anthu ambiri amene akufuna kukhala ku Moscow kuti azikhalamo kwamuyaya, koma sizinali zosavuta kuchita zimenezo? Ali panjira, panali malire, monga chilolezo chokhalamo. Popanda chizindikiro mu pasipoti kuti azikhala mumzindawu ndikupeza ntchito sizingatheke. Panthaŵiyi, Moscow inali yofunika kwambiri yothandizira, popanda kuwonjezeka nthaŵi zonse, mzinda wambirimbiri wokha madola ambiri sungathe kukhalako. Ntchito zambiri zomangamanga komanso zamtunda za mzindawo zikanangokhala popanda kugwira ntchito.

Njira yothetsera Soviet Union

Gwiritsani ntchito malo omangako ndi nyumba zomwe zimapereka ntchito zofunika kwambiri za mzindawu, omwe amwenye a Muscovites sanafune. Kwa eni eni a Moscow propiska, izi sizinali zapamwamba, ndipo sizinapindule. Zinali zochitika zokhudzana ndi zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu zomwe zinagwidwa chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito kwa anthu osagwira ntchito ku capital. Ndalama zake zinali zochepa zovomerezedwa ndi zoyenera - malire. Kuchokera pano mu mawu a chisudzo a ku Moscow anaphatikizapo tanthauzo la "malire" (pogogomezera syllable yomaliza). Ili ndilo dzina lodziwika bwino loti abwerere ogwira ntchito omwe avomereza kugwira ntchito mwakhama komanso osapindula kuti alandire chilolezo chokhalamo ku Moscow mtsogolo, omwe analonjezedwa kwa iwo ntchito yawo kuti apindule ndi likulu.

Kufupika kwa Moscow

Panali anthu atsopano ogwira ntchito ku maofesi apadera, makamaka omwe ali kumidzi akutali kuchokera pakati, nthawi zambiri kumbuyo kwa Ring Road. Pofuna kusankha kusamukira ku Moscow ndi kukonzekera kugwira ntchito mwakhama kwa sitimayo yolonjezedwa m'tsogolo, padali kofunikira kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Kapena osakhala ndi mizu kwanu. Popanda kumvetsa izi, palibe yankho la funso la malire ake.

Malo omwe anthu ambiri ankakhala ku Moscow nthawi zambiri ankakhala malo osokoneza maganizo komanso kuwonjezereka kwa milandu. Anthu ogwira ntchito ku Moscow amachititsa kuti anthu asamangokhalira kuchita zinthu mosamala, kuti asamawasangalatse. Cholinga chachikulu cha nkhanza zawo chinali kudzidzimutsa kwachilungamo. Ndipo a Muscovite sakuyenera kufotokoza chomwe malire ali. Maganizo olakwikawo sangasinthidwe ngakhale kungodziwa kuti mbali yaikulu ya Moscow yamakono inamangidwa ndi ogwira ntchito. Koma kwa zaka zambiri, ena mwa malirewo adakali ndi chilolezo chokhalamo ku Moscow ndipo lero amakondwera kudzitcha okha "Muscovites m'badwo woyamba."

Othawa ntchito

Pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Soviet Union, funso loti malire ake ndi otani, lakhala likusiyana kwambiri ndi gawo la mbiriyakale. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka 90ties, pakati pa mavuto azachuma, ntchito zomangamanga ku Moscow sizinali zambiri, ndipo motero, kufunika kwa obwera kumene kuntchito kunagwa kwambiri. Nthaŵi ya malire mukumvetsetsa kwake kumatha. Iyo inali nthawi ya antchito a alendo - oyendera alendo ochokera ku mayiko odziimira tsopano, omwe kale anali mayiko a Soviet Union, makamaka ochokera ku Central Asia, komanso Ukraine ndi Moldova.