Kodi mankhwala maina ndi iye akuphunzira

Dongosolo la Philology kudziwa osiyana malangizo - chiphunzitso cha chinenero, zilankhulo ntchito, stylistics, dialectology ndi onomastics ngakhale. Today tikambirana chiyani onomastika zimene nkhani yake ndi chinthu, mbali zimene zokhazi. Taganizirani ubale wake ndi khalidwe lina, magwero kuti mabuku phunzirolo.

Onomastics sayansi

Choyamba, zomwe ndi mankhwala a maina. tanthawuzo limanena kuti ndi nthambi ya zilankhulo kuti amaphunzira mayina kapena Onim.

Poyamba onomastika panayikidwa sayansi kuti ntchito ndi azambiriyakale, madera, zolembalemba ngati chilango wothandiza. Iye anadzakhala mbali yapadera ya zilankhulo ndi njira zake kwa kuwunika chuma chinenero. Chinthu kuphunzira sayansi - Mbiri ya chiyambi, chilimbikitso gulu nchito ndi mayina chinenero. Katunduyo - maina mwachindunji Onim.

Onomastics amasanthula phonetic, morphological, mawu mapangidwe, mbali zamalankhulidwe ndi etymological ndi mayina.

Mbiri ya chitukuko

Kupatula chakuti zimenezi maina, m'pofunika idzayankha funso limeneli, monga momwe mbiri ya kuwuka kwa sayansi.

Amakuona ngati wachinyamata. Mwalamulo unakhazikitsidwa mu 1930 pamene anali yoyamba onomastic msonkhano wa mayiko ku France.

Kale mu 1949 kulenga komiti onomastic pa UNESCO mabuku apadera magazini Onoma. Chiwerengero cha onomastics anagwa 50 - 60 Mu zaka zapitazo.

Onomastics mbiri Russian inayamba mu 1812, pamene A. Vostokov inalemba nkhani yakuti "Quest mafani etymology." Mu 1813 anafalitsa ntchito ina yofunika ya E. Bolkhovitinov "Pa peculiarities wa mayina slavyanorosov". Kwa zaka ziwiri, sayansi kusanduka, kukhazikitsa njira zawo zofufuzira kusonkhanitsa chuma choona, zinyenyeswazi kulenga chiphunzitso. Mu 2004, magazini "Issues wa onomastics" wayamba kutuluka mu Russia.

zigawo zikuluzikulu za sayansi

Malinga mbali chinenero, kudziwa za madera angapo kafukufuku. Onomastics mayina ingayale malo osiyanasiyana ukatswiri, ndi likuchita:

• Regional onomastics amene amaphunzira onomasticon wa chigawo kuperekedwa, kuphunzira subsystem wake onomastic.
• Chiphunzitso, kuti amaphunzira malamulo onse a chitukuko ndi kugwira ntchito kwa kachitidwe onomastic.
• Chithandizo cha maina kugwirizana kwenikweni ndi anangotchula mchitidwe kugwira ntchito zawo mu chinenero chamakono. Izi zikuphatikizapo kukhazikitsidwa kwa mbiri ndi katchulidwe ka mayina, chitukuko zitsanzo normative, amene anapanga ndi labambo, adjectives kusonyeza umembala mu m'dera makamaka, dera limene amakhala, banja.
• Nkhani amene amafufuza udindo onomastic za dera linalake. Pamene izi kuziona ngati gulu limodzi onomastic.
• Ndakatulo Onomastics - timagwiritsa ntchito kwa mayina m'mabuku, mfundo za chilengedwe chonse, ntchito mu lemba.

Ndime

Malinga ndi gulu la zinthu kuphunzira ndi mayina, pali zigawo kutsatira onomastics:

• Anthroponimics - amafufuza maina a anthu.
• Toponymy - kuphunzira maina a zinthu lawolawo.
• Zoonimika - kuphunzira nicknames nyama.
• Astronimika - amasanthula maina a matupi nyenyezi - mapulaneti, nyenyezi, comets.
• Hydronymy - amasanthula dzina la matupi madzi - mitsinje, nyanja, nyanja ndi nyanja.

Kulankhulana ndi maphunziro ena a sayansi

Kupatula chakuti zimenezi maina, osanenapo ubwenzi wake ndi khalidwe zina. Choyamba, izo ndi yogwirizana zilankhulo. Science amagwiritsa ntchito njira zinenero kwa kusanthula ndi mayina. Ndipo chikugwirizana ndi mfundo zomveka, monga ife kuphunzira kugwirizanitsa mawu ndi mfundo. The kugwirizana onomastics ndi malo ndi zakuthambo. Asayansi nthawi zambiri zinkakambidwa pofuna onomastam kuthetsa mavuto monga kalembedwe ka maina ndi yomasulira.

History, ethnography ndi zinthu zofukulidwa amathandiza kwambiri zothandiza kudziwa wasayansi onomastam. Anthu nawonso, kuthandiza mbiri yakale. Onomastics kufunika kwa asayansi zokhudzana ndi mbiri, kwambiri. Choncho, deta onomastiki kuthandiza kufufuza anthu resettlement, chikhalidwe ndi miyambo, kuyambira mapangidwe maina, ntchito zawo kumagwirizana osati kokha kwa anthu ena, komanso nthawi. Ndi onomastics silingakhoze kokha chimatanthauza malekezero a anthu a Pamudzi, koma kuti chibwenzi Linalembedwa memo zosiyanasiyana.

magwero a phunziro

Tidapeza inu, chimene onomastics, iye anapatsidwa tanthauzo, ife apeza malo waukulu. Koma funso limodzi anatsala unconsecrated - kumene asayansi kutenga zinthu zenizeni phunziro?

malo ambiri. The zofala kwambiri ntchito ndi:

1. Mndandanda wa mayina ndi mayina.
2. mabuku achipembedzo ndi kalendala.
3. nyimbo chilankhulo ndi zikumbutso.
4. Geographical ndi zakuthambo mapu.
5. Adiresi mabuku.
6. Books mndandanda wa dziko.
7. Catalogs nyama zisudzo.
8. Mndandanda wa mafuko kavalo.
9. Luso ntchito.

phunziro

Kuphunzira sayansi nzeru philological la Yunivesite. Chiyambi gawo kumachitika mu kuphunzira "Lexicology" kapena monga kuphunzira osiyana Inde. Pa maphunziro, ophunzira kuphunzira zimene onomastika njira lidalembedwa, mbali zimene aime.

The Maphunziro a kafukufuku ali osowa, kupatula mu makalasi mkulu wa mbiri. Koma pa ankadziwa chimodzimodzi ndi sayansi ya nthaka ndi limayankha mfundo zikuluzikulu za izo.

anapezazo

Onomastics - mmodzi wa khalidwe zinenero zimene amaphunzira mayina ndi kugwira ntchito zawo chinenero cha Chirasha. Ndi wachinyamata. Phunzirani mu Philology.