Phosphorous okusayidi

Phosphorus anatulukira ndipo olekanitsidwa mu 1669 ndi German sayansi H. Brandt. Mu chikhalidwe, chinthu ichi imapezeka mu mawonekedwe a mankhwala. Major mchere - phosphorite Ca3 (PO4) 2 ndi apatite 3Ca3 (PO4) 2 • CaF2 kapena Ca5F (PO4) 3. Komanso, chinthu ndi mbali ya mapuloteni, ndipo anapezeka ku mano ndi mafupa. Phosphorus mosavuta ambiri amachitira ndi mpweya ndi chlorine. An owonjezera zinthu zimenezi anapanga ndi mankhwala makutidwe ndi okosijeni (kwa P) +5 ndipo kuchepa kwa - mu makutidwe ndi okosijeni boma +3. okusayidi phosphorous akhoza umaimiridwa ndi mitunduyi angapo kuti kusonyeza mankhwala osiyana. Pakati pawo, ambiri - ndi P2O5 ndi P2O3. Ena osowa ndi bwino kuphunzira oxides ndi: P4O7, P4O8, P4O9, PO ndi P2O6.

Zimene phosphorous elemental, mpweya makutidwe ndi okosijeni kumachitika pang'onopang'ono. Chidwi m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Choyamba, mu mdima, kuoneka bwino chowala, amene anatsatira. Kachiwiri, makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa mankhwala mankhwala nthawi zonse kumachitika ndi mapangidwe ozoni. Ichi ndi chifukwa kugula wapakatikati - phosphoryl PO - chiwembu: P + O2 → PO + O, ndiye: O + O2 → O3. Chachitatu, makutidwe ndi okosijeni chifukwa kusintha mwadzidzidzi mu madutsidwe magetsi za mlengalenga yozungulira chifukwa ionization ake. Kutalikirana kwa kuwala popanda reheating kwambiri, mu zochita mankhwala amatchedwa chemiluminescence. Mu mapangidwe chinyezi wobiriwira chemiluminescence chifukwa mapangidwe PO wapakatikati.

phosphorous makutidwe ndi okosijeni kumachitika kokha ena ndende oxygen. Sitiyenera pansipa pakhomo osachepera ndipo pamwamba pazipita tsankho mavuto O2. Imeneyi yokha zimadalira kutentha ndi zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, m'mikhalidwe muyezo mlingo zimene mpweya wangwiro, umachuluka phosphorous makutidwe ndi okosijeni mpaka akafika mmHg 300. Art. pafupifupi ziro pamene mpweya tsankho kuthamanga ndiye kuchepetsedwa ndi mathithi kufika 700 mamilimita Hg. Art. ndi pamwamba. Choncho, okusayidi si anapanga m'mikhalidwe wamba, kuti phosphorous pafupifupi osati oxidized.

phosphorous pentoxide

Kwambiri mmene phosphorous pentoxide ndi okusayidi kapena oxides apamwamba a phosphorous, P2O5. Ndi ufa woyera ndi fungo Fungo lamphamvu lamankhwala. Akamaona awiriawiri wa ake kulemera maselo, chinapezeka kuti mbiri yake ndi chilinganizo ake P4O10. Izi mankhwala nonflammable, izo chimasungunula pa 565,6 C. The anhydride P2O5 okusayidi -kislotny katundu onse khalidwe, koma mofunitsitsa odzipereka chinyezi, kotero ntchito monga zakumwa ndi desiccant kapena mpweya. phosphorous okusayidi angachite madzi, zomwe ndi mbali ya mankhwala. anhydride The aumbike mwa kuyaka wa phosphorous mu chikhalidwe mpweya kapena mpweya, okwanira kuchuluka kwa O2 chiwembu: 4P + 5O2 → 2P2O5. Izo ntchito kupanga H3PO4 acid. Pokhudzana ndi madzi kupanga asidi zitatu:

• metaphosphoric: P2O5 + H2O → 2HPO3;
• pyrophosphoric: P2O5 + 2H2O → H4P2O7;
• Phosphoric: P2O5 + 3H2O → 2H3PO4.

phosphorous pentoxide amachitira nkhanza ndi madzi ndi zinthu zokhala m'madzi, monga matabwa kapena thonje. Izi ndipamene wambirimbiri kutentha ankatha ngakhale moto. Izo zimayambitsa zitsulo dzimbiri ndi kopweteka kwambiri (ndi lalikulu amayaka khungu, maso) ndi airway mucous zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale pa woipa monga otsika monga 1 mg / m³.

phosphorous trioxide

Phosphorous anhydride kapena phosphorous trioxide, P2O3 (P4O6) - ndi crystalline woyera olimba (sera maonekedwe monga), zomwe chimasungunula pa kutentha 23,8 C ndi zithupsa pa 173,7 C. Pamene ndi phosphorous woyera, P2O3 chakupha kwambiri . Izi okusayidi acidic, ndi katundu wake onse. Phosphorus okusayidi 3 aumbike chifukwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni pang'onopang'ono kapena kuyaka kwa mfulu mankhwala (P) mu malo amene pali akusowa wa oxygen. Phosphorus trioxide amachitira pang'onopang'ono ndi madzi ozizira kupanga asidi: P2O3 + 3H2O → 2H3PO3. okusayidi Izi phosphorous amachitira mwamphamvu ndi madzi otentha, zochita kuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana, zotsatira zake zingakhale kupanga phosphor chofiira (kusinthidwa allotropic podukt), phosphorous hydride ndi asidi: H3PO3 ndi H3PO4. Matenthedwe kuwonongeka kwa P4O6 anhydride akutsatiridwa ndi pogawanikana pamawere wa maatomu phosphorous, mmene osakaniza anapangidwa wa oxides wa P4O7, P4O8, P4O9. Malinga ndi kapangidwe ndi iwo amafanana P4O10. Kwambiri kuphunzira za izi P4O8.