Philological sayansi. Kodi kuphunzira philology? akatswiri a zinenero Russian

anthu ambiri kuzindikira sayansi philological ngati chinachake yosokoneza kwambiri ndi zosaoneka. Iwo amadziwa kuti ntchito imeneyi akugwirizana ndi kuphunzira zilankhulo, koma mudziwe zambiri sasunga. Ndipo okhawo amene anamaliza ndi mphamvu ya Philology, molondola ndi chidwi poyera mbali zonse philology.

Lingaliro la sayansi

Philology - ndi sayansi kuti amachita ndi kafukufuku wa uzimu anthu osiyanasiyana, kupenda kulemba awo, mwatsatanetsatane amadziwa mbali ya chinenero, ndiyeno atolele Zomwe mungaphunzire mu coherent lonse.

Amadziwika kuti malemba olembedwa - chimodzi mwa zinthu zimene zimasonyeza mbiri ya anthu. The woyamba anaonekera mu mawonekedwe a ndemanga mawu ovuta anapeza m'madikishonale Mfundo ndi mabuku achipembedzo. Homer anali woyamba amene zolemba anali pansi chofufuzidwa.

Philology zikuphatikizapo zinthu zambiri ndipo aliyense wa iwo chinkhoswe mu makampani awo. Romano-Germany Philology Mwachitsanzo, kwambiri zafala m'dzikoli, ngati mmene Kupenda Romance ndi zilankhulo ku Germany.

Pankhaniyi, zilankhulo Romance monga:

• French;
• Chitaliyana;
• Spanish ndi ena.

gulu German anthu ambiri kuphunzira English ndi German, mmodzi wa otchuka kwambiri kwa tsiku.

Mbiri ya chitukuko

Philology anaonekera kale, ku Greece. Choyamba maonekedwe awo, ndiye chitukuko (pa Ages Middle), ndipo mu nthawi Kubadwa Kwatsopano - ukuyanga mu mphamvu. Lingaliro la "philology" anayamba kupanga m'zaka XVIII. Ndiye iwo anali kokha pafupi makampani tingachipeze powerenga, pakuti kenako anatuluka Asilavo. Woyambitsa wa nthambi Asilavo ndi Czech wasayansi Dobrovskiy Yosef.

N'zosavuta kumvetsa chifukwa cha chitukuko cha philology anayamba. Azungu chidwi mizu dziko awo, amanena, mumaganiza chitukuko. Chinathandiza kapangidwe maganizo amenewa chikondi pa nthawi imeneyo, komanso chiyambi cha polimbana ankhondowo Turkey.

Kwa mitundu ina ya sayansi: aliyense wa iwo ali kwambiri pophunzira makampani makamaka ndi anthu amene anali kugwira. M'dziko pali mabungwe ambiri amene zikugwira chifukwa chofala, nthawi kusonkhanitsa ndi kugawana zipambano zawo.

Sciences zovuta

Chifukwa ankamvetsa bwino zimene philology, m'pofunika kuulula sayansi aliyense philological ndi zigawo zake:

• Zilankhulo. Dzina chachiwiri - zilankhulo kuti amaphunzira akamanena za chinenero, ntchito zake, dongosolo.
• Literature. Amayesa mbiri ya mabuku, chitukuko ndi yaikulu chikhalidwe cha anthu.
• M'nthano. Folk zojambulajambula, nthano nthano - izi ndi nzika chachikulu kuphunzira.
• Kalembedwe kutsutsa. Pakati pa chisamaliro chake ntchito za olemba osiyana, mbiri ya asayembekezere ndi tsoka.
• Zolembedwa. sayansi kuphunzira mipukutu yakale, akalumikidzidwa awo, masitaelo, nthawi ndi malo a chilengedwe.

Monga mukuonera pa zimenezi, philological sayansi kuphunzira chinenero kuchokera kumbali zonse zitheka.

philologists amadziwika

Katswiri ndi ndani? katswiri wa zilankhulo. chiwerengerochi bwinobwino kuphunzira mfundo chinenero makamaka, kupanga mfundo za choonadi chamtengo wa anthu amene amalankhula izo. Kwambiri chopereka kwa chilengedwe ndi chitukuko cha Chirasha anapanga akatswiri a zinenero Russian.

• MV Lomonosov Iye anali woyambitsa wa galamala Russian. Iye anali mmodzi wa oyamba kugona chinenero kalembedwe. Kodi tikudziwa tsopano za mbali ya kulankhula - mtengo wa Mikhail Vasilyevich. Kukhala mlakatuli waluso, maziko a Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana.
• Easts AH Ine chinkhoswe yekha mu galamala, ndi zolembedwa pa phunziro ili mabuku ambiri.
• Potebnya AA kuphunzira Russian ndi Ukraine zinenero, tcheru kwambiri pachinthu.
• Shakhmatov AA Ndinaphunzira chiyambi cha chinenero. Iye analemba mabuku angapo a malembedwe a chinenero cha Chirasha.
• Peshkovski AM Iye anatchula intonation kulankhula ngati chida kalembedwe kuthandiza maganizo bwino lofotokoza.
• lv Szczerba Iye anali anatulukira mawu udindo siyana ndipo anayankhula za udindo wa nauni ndi mneni m'chiganizo a.
• Vinogradov vv Ndinaphunzira mbiri ya zilankhulo Russian. Iye analemba mabuku ambiri za masitaelo a Chirasha ntchito m'mabuku ake ndi olemba osiyana. Ndi chofunika kwambiri chopereka mu lexicology ndi phraseology chinenero.
• Karamzin NM kuphunzira Russian chinenero mpingo, pafupi zolembalemba ndi colloquial kalembedwe kulankhulana.
• Ushakov DN kuphunzira kalembedwe, lexicology, dialectology. Written 4 mabuku a mawu ndi matanthauzo munali 90000 zolemba. Ntchito ntchitoyi zinachitikadi kwa zaka 6.
• Dal VI Amadziwika onse monga woyambitsa Great Dictionary, limene palokha chimasonyeza kuya kwa kuphunzira chinenero cha Chirasha.

Philology, Chirasha

Russian philology ndi mbali ya lalikulu Asilavo gawo kuphunzira anthu Russian ndi cholowa chake. M'zaka XVII anayamba kusonkhanitsa deta pa mipukutu yakale, nkhani yonena za Chiwerengero Rumyantsev.

M'zaka za m'ma XVIII, Lomonosov analemba mabuku awiri otchuka za chinenero ndi mwayi wa chinenero mpingo kuposa kupitiriza kuphunzira za stylistics. Kufikira tsopano, akatswiri a zinenero Russian lekani ntchito, kupitiriza yosanthula Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana, m'zilembo ndi Zining'a. Only tsopano ndi kanjedza amasiku ano amene osati analemba mabuku, komanso kugawana apeza ndi ophunzira yunivesite. Ndipotu, ambiri philologists ntchito pa yunivesite ndi mabungwe kafukufuku.

philology okhonda

nthambi ili la sayansi lolunjika pa kuphunzira zilankhulo, mbiri yawo ndi zochita zake. Anaphunzitsidwa mwatsatanetsatane cholowa zolembalemba, ntchito anachita mu mozama kusanthula masitaelo ndi zinenero zina zambiri, chidziwitso cha zomwe kwambiri umakhudza luso munthu kulankhula ndi kumvetsa kuchigwiritsa ntchito. Big ntchito yomasulira ntchito.

Zimakhala yaitali kuphunzira malamulo a kalembedwe, galamala ndi phonetics, koma simungathe kulankhula bwino ndi kumasulira mawu popanda maphunziro othandiza.

Kodi kukhala philologist

Khalani sikolala ndipo amadzipereka kuti chidwi kwambiri wa sayansi akhoza analandira pa mkhalidwe wa Philology. Pali mabungwe ambiri amene kupereka zapaderazi amenewa. Ena dipatimenti polimbana ndi nthambi zosiyanasiyana zilankhulo: kungakhale Asilavo, m'mayiko a ku Ulaya, Romance ndi Germany Philology.

Kusankha malangizo, wophunzira aliyense kusankha chinenero ndi anthu ake ali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi amene ubwenzi chidwi kuphunzira. Philological mphamvu ya bwino mu Russia kudziwika kwa mabungwe monga:

• Moscow State University;
• Russian ovutika University State;
• Nizhny Novgorod State University dzina la Dobrolyubov;
• Kumwera University Federal ;
• Pyatigorsk zinenero State University ;
• Zinenero Irkutsk State University;
• Moscow zinenero State University.

Uwu ndi mndandanda wa establishments wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa achinyamata. Koma pali zambiri maluso ena mu mayunivesite mungapezeko kuphunzira kopita lapamtima.