Kodi marathon, mbiri ndi zenizeni ndi chiyani?

Mu 490 BC. Pambuyo pa nkhondo ya mumzinda wa Marathon, Msilikali wakale wachi Greek Fidippid (kapena Phillipid, osadziwika kwenikweni) adachokera ku nkhondo kupita ku Athens kuti akauze za chigonjetso. Atatha chiganizo chimodzi, adamwalira. Sitikudziwa bwinobwino ngati chochitika ichi chinalidi kapena ayi, popeza palibe zolemba zolemba.

Kodi marathon tsopano ndi chiyani? Iyi ndi ulendo wamtunda wautali, kuphatikizapo masewera ndi masewera a masewera.

Mpikisanowu woyamba

Ku Greece mu 1896 mipikisano yoyamba ya Olimpiki yapadziko lonse inachitika. Pulogalamu ya Masewera a Olimpiki panali marathon. Asanayambe mpikisanowu anali 17. Madzulo a mpikisano chifukwa cha kutentha, othamanga ambiri adakana kuthawa. Chifukwa cha nkhondo yowopsa pakati pa othamanga ochokera ku Australia, France ndi Greece, Mgriki adagonjetsa Spiros Luis, amene anatha kuthetsa mpikisano wake woyamba. Mtunda wake unali makilomita 40. Anatha kuthamanga mtundawu kwa 2 h 58m ndi 50 seconds.

Spiros Luis anakhala msilikali wa dziko lonse. Mwa ulemu wake ofesi ya ku Athens ikutchulidwa.

Zosangalatsa

Mtunda wa mpikisano unasintha kangapo. Maseŵera a Olimpiki ku London mu 1908 anali odabwitsa poyambirira kuti anasamukira ku Windsor Castle. Kotero mfumukazi inkafuna. Anaganiza kuti ayambe kuyambanso mpikisanowo. Othamanga adathamangira marathon, mtunda umene unakula ndi 2 km 195 m.

Kale, mu 1921, mtunda womaliza unavomerezedwa. Anali 42 km 195 m ndipo sanasinthe mpaka lero.

Marathon inakhala yotchuka ku USA mu 1970. Athamanga oposa 700 anagonjetsa mtunda mu maola osachepera atatu.

Mu 1966, mumzinda wa Boston, mayi wina adadziwa kuti mpikisanowu unali wotani, ndipo adakwanitsa kugonjetsa mtunda wa maola 3 mamita makumi awiri, ngakhale kuti oletsedwawo analetsa. Kuchokera mu 1984, oimira zachiwerewere amaloledwa kuchita nawo mpikisano wa marathon ku Olimpiki.

Chaka chilichonse kutchuka kwa masewerawa kukukula. Pakati pawo pali anthu oposa zaka 70.

Mpaka 2004, zolemba za marathon zothamanga sizidziwika. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti mpikisano ukuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ngati misewu ikuluikulu ya ku Atene imakhala ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, ndiye kuti ku Boston - asphalt. Zosiyana zosiyana, nyengo yosiyana. Kusiyanitsa koteroko sikungatsimikizire zofanana zomwezo poika mbiri.

Malamulo amakono a marathonwa amadziŵa bwino momwe njirayo iyenera kukhalira.

Kodi marathon ndi chiyani? Kodi mpikisano ukupita bwanji?

Aliyense amasankha mtunda, mtunda, chisanadze kulembedwa pa webusaitiyi, amalipira malipiro a bungwe.

Marathon nthawi zambiri amayamba ndi kuyamba koyambira. Ophunzira akupatsidwa zipangizo zomwe zikuyimira mpikisanowu. Ponseponse (pamakilomita ena) pali malo ndi madzi, masiponji amvula.

Mpikisano uliwonse umatsimikizira pasadakhale nthawi yoyenera yomwe ikufunikira kuthana ndi mtunda. Pafupifupi, ndi maola 6.

Anthu oposa zaka 18 amaloledwa kutenga nawo mbali. Anthu omwe ali ndi zaka zoposa 18 akhoza kupikisana pafupipafupi.

Ophunzira onse amafuna kalata kuchokera kwa dokotala kuti alowe.

Kodi mungayendetse bwanji marathon?

Marathon si mtunda wokwana 42 km 195 m, komanso makilomita ambiri omwe wothamanga amatha kukwera mpikisano.

Munthu aliyense wathanzi akhoza kukonzekera ndi kuphunzira pazochitikira zake zomwe marathon ali. Choyamba muyenera kuphunzira njira yoyenera yogwiritsira ntchito. Muyeneranso kuphunzitsa kupirira kuti muthe kugonjetsa kutalika. Mukhoza kutenga nawo mpikisano wa madera aang'ono - 5 km, 10 km, theka la marathon 21 km 97.5 m.

Ndiye mukhoza kuyesa marathon. Nthawi yokonzekera ikhoza kutenga pafupifupi masabata 17.

Ndingapeze kuti kuti?

Ku Russia, mafuko ochulukitsitsa amachitika m'dziko lonseli. Ambiri mwa iwo: Siberia, Konzhak, Moscow, "White Nights", Omsk theka la marathon-handicap, Khirisimasi.

Ophatikizidwa amapatsidwa zipangizo ndi chizindikiro cha marathon, ndi iwo omwe afika pamapeto-mapemphero, chikalata, kumene zotsatira zaumwini zimasonyezedwa.

Ma marathons aakulu kwambiri padziko lonse ali mu mgwirizano wa World Marathon Majors. Izi ndi mpikisano wamalonda ndi dziwe lalikulu la mphoto. Pali ma marathons 6, omwe amakhala ku Boston, London, Berlin, Chicago, New York ndi Tokyo. Kulembetsa nawo mbali kumayambira nthawi isanafike tsiku la mpikisano ndipo kawirikawiri limathera muzinthu za masiku. Awa ndiwo marathons otchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ochita masewera awiri ndi ochita maseŵera amathandiza nawo.

Chofunika cha marathon ndikugonjetsa mtunda wautali. Sikuti aliyense akufika pamzere womaliza, koma yemwe adakwanitsa izi ndiwopambana.