Kodi mathamangidwe okhota ndi mmene masamu?

Kawirikawiri, pamene anthu kulankhula za kusuntha, ife kulingalira chinthu choyenda mu mzere wolunjika. Liwiro gulu limeneli limatchedwa liniya, ndi mawerengedwe a mtengo wake pafupifupi ndi losavuta: suffices kupeza chiŵerengero cha mtunda anayenda ndi nthawi yomwe atapezeka ndi thupi. Ngati chinthu ndi kuyenda circumference, mu nkhani iyi samatsimikiziridwanso ndi liniya ndi mathamangidwe okhota. Kodi mtundu wa mtengo ndi mmene masamu? Izi basi kulankhula m'nkhani ino.

Okhota mathamangidwe: lingaliro ndi chilinganizo

Pamene misa mfundo chimachititsanso pa circumference liwiro kuyenda yake yodziwika ndi mbali ya kasinthasintha wa utali wozungulira kuti zikugwirizana chinthu avundulidwe ndi pakati mwa bwalo. Zikuonekeratu kuti chithunzi ichi zikusintha malingana nthawi. The mofulumira ndi zomwe ndondomeko izi zimachitika, ndipo palibe wina kuposa mathamangidwe okhota. M'mawu ena, chiŵerengero wa kupatuka kwa utali wozungulira vekitala wa chinthu kutalika kwa nthawi anatenga kuchita ichi chinthu kasinthasintha. mathamangidwe okhota chilinganizo (1) akhoza kulembedwa mu mawonekedwe:

yakumadzulo = φ / T, kumene:

φ - kutembenukira ngodya zosiyanasiyana,

T - nthawi ya kasinthasintha.

Unit wa muyeso

Mu dongosolo lonse mayunitsi ochiritsira (SI) kwa mapangidwe a ankasinthana anapanga radians ntchito. Choncho, 1 rad / s - unit zofunika, amene ntchito mu mawerengedwe a mathamangidwe okhota. Pa nthawi yomweyo, palibe imaletsa ntchito madigiri (onani rad limodzi ndi wofanana 180 / PI, kapena 57˚18 '). Komanso mathamangidwe okhota tingasonyezere chiwerengero cha kusintha pa mphindi imodzi kapena pa mphindi. Ngati gululi chikuchitika uniformly padziko circumference ndi yofunika iyi angapezeke ku njira (2):

yakumadzulo = 2π * N,

kumene N - liwiro.

Apo ayi, monga zachitika liwiro wabwinobwino, kuwerengera avareji kapena yomweyo okhota liwiro. Tikumbukenso kuti pamwamba ndi vekitala kuchuluka. Kudziwa malangizo ake amangoona ntchito dzanja lamanja ulamuliro, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu sayansi. The okhota mathamangidwe vekitala akuloza mbali imodzi, imene kutsogolo gulu la wononga ku ulusi lamanja. Mu mawu ena, imatsogoleredwa pamodzi olamulira padziko omwe thupi, mu dera kumene kasinthasintha ndi ndaziwona zikuchitika odana mobwerera.

Zitsanzo za mawerengedwe

Yerekezerani kuti mukufuna kudziwa zimene ndi liniya ndi okhota mathamangidwe mwa gudumu, ngati amadziwika kuti m'mimba mwake wake ndi wofanana mita imodzi, ndi kusintha rotational ngodya malinga ndi lamulo φ = 7t. Ife ntchito chilinganizo wathu woyamba:

yakumadzulo = φ / T = 7t / T = 7 m ^-1.

Ichi ndi chofunika okhota mathamangidwe. Tsopano tiyeni tipeze liwiro mwachizolowezi, ife kusuntha. Monga mukudziwa, ndime = s / T. Popeza kuti S kwa ife - pa circumference wa gudumu (l = 2π * r Mukhoza), ndipo 2π - chimodzi chathunthu zisinthe, zotsatirazi analandira:

ndime = 2π * r Mukhoza / T = yakumadzulo * r Mukhoza = 7 * 0.5 = 3.5 m / s

Pano pali ntchito ina pa nkhani imeneyi. Amadziwika kuti utali wozungulira dziko lapansi pa equator ndi wofanana makilomita 6370. Amafuna kudziwa liniya ndi okhota liwiro zoyenda mfundo za kufanana ichi, kumene kumachitika chifukwa cha kasinthasintha wa dziko lathuli nguli. Pankhaniyi, tiyenera chilinganizo chachiwiri:

yakumadzulo = 2π * N = * 3.14 * 2 (1 / ( 24 * 3600)) = 7.268 * 10 -5 rad / s.

Mpaka kudziwa zimene ndi mathamangidwe liniya: vesi = yakumadzulo * r Mukhoza = 7,268 * 10 ⁵ * 6370 * 1000 = 463 m / s.