Kwa mayitirokondiriyoni ntchito ndi kapangidwe

Mu maselo a zamoyo zonse ndi organelles wapadera kuti asamuke, ntchito, kuphatikiza ndi mzake ndi mtundu. Iwo amatchedwa mitochondria kapena chondriosomes. nyumba zoterozo zili maselo a mogwirizana ndi maselo a nyama ndi zomera. Kwa nthawi yaitali kuphunzira kapangidwe ka maselo anali kuphunzira ndi kwa mayitirokondiriyoni ntchito, chifukwa anali a chidwi.

Inde, pa mlingo ma, ndi mitochondria kuchita enieni ndi ofunika kwambiri ntchito - mawonekedwe mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a triphosphate adenosine. Izi ndi nyukiliotayidi zikuluzikulu za kuwombola zinthu moyo zamoyo ndi kusintha mu mphamvu. ATP amachita ngati gwero chilengedwe mphamvu koyenera kuti yatsoka aliyense mwa njira amuzolengedwa mu thupi. Izi ndi ntchito yaikulu ya mitochondria - kukhalabe ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa mlingo ma chifukwa mapangidwe ATP.

Njira kunachitika maselo kwa nthawi yaitali anali kwenikweni asayansi, chifukwa kumathandiza kumvetsa bwino dongosolo ndi mphamvu ya chamoyo. Kuphunzira zonse zimatenga nthawi yaitali. Choncho Karl Lohmann mu 1929 anatsegula adenosine triphosphate, ndi Fritz Lipmann mu 1941 asanaganize kuti ndi katundu chachikulu cha mphamvu maselo.

Kapangidwe ka mitochondria ndi

Maonekedwe ndi chidwi ndi monga ntchito ya mitochondria. Kukula kwake ndi akalumikidzidwa wa organelles izi ndi kusakhazikika ndiponso siyana malingana ndi mtundu wa zamoyo. Anafotokoza kufunika ambiri a mitochondria filamentous ndi granular, wopangidwa mwa nembanemba awiri, ali miyeso ya mikromillimetra 0.5 mu makulidwe, ndipo kutalika angafikire 60 mikromillimetrov.

Monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, asayansi yaitali anayesa kumvetsetsa funso, kodi kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya mitochondria. The mavuto waukulu anali ndi zida underdeveloped, chifukwa kuphunzira microcosm m'njira zina kovuta.

Mu maselo nyama, mitochondria muli kuposa maselo a zomera, chifukwa ndi zofunika kwambiri mphamvu ziweto mfundo zinachokera view kusinthika kwa. Komabe, kufotokoza njira izi ndi zovuta, koma zomera maselo kugwira ntchito kuganiza makamaka chloroplasts.

Maselo, mitochondria mwina inali mu malo osiyana, pomwe pali kufunika ATP. Tikhoza kunena kuti kapangidwe ka mitochondria mwachilungamo chilengedwe, kotero iwo akhoza kuoneka mu malo osiyana.

Ntchito ya mitochondria ndi

Ntchito yaikulu ya mitochondria - kaphatikizidwe mamolekyulu ATP. Mtundu uwu wa mphamvu siteshoni selo kuti chifukwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni zosiyanasiyana mankhwala organic akumasula mphamvu likuvutika kuwola awo.

Ndiwo mphamvu, ie, pawiri ntchito azingokhala ndi asidi pyruvic. Iye, nayenso amalandira thupi ku mapulotini, chakudya mafuta. Pali njira ziwiri za maphunziro mphamvu, ndi mitochondria kugwiritsa ntchito. The choyamba chimalongosola kwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa pyruvate mu masanjidwewo lapansi. Lachiwiri kale Kristen organelles ndi mwachindunji kumathera ndondomeko kupanga mphamvu.

Ambiri, limagwirira imeneyi imavuta kwambiri ndi chikuchitika mu magawo angapo. Munzere mindandanda yaitali mosiyanasiyana yekha cholinga cha zomwe - kusowa mphamvu ya njira zina ma. Kukhalabe thupi pa mlingo ma akhoza kupulumutsa moyo wake onse. Ndicho chifukwa asayansi akhala akuyesa kulingalira mmene njira izi zimachitika. M'kupita kwa nthawi, nkhani ambiri ndiyakuti makamaka kuphunzira DNA, ndipo anathandiza kutsogolera onse a microcosm maselo ang'onoang'ono. Popanda izi, kungakhale kovuta kulingalira chitukuko cha sayansi ambiri, komanso kuphunzira anthu ndi nyama chamoyo kwambiri.