Kodi mulaibulale: Mbiri ya chiyambi, mitundu ndi ndemanga

anthu zodabwitsa ndi chilengedwe cha buku ndi laibulale - mbali ya chikhalidwe cha lililonse dziko. Likhachev wotchedwa Dmitry Sergeyevich kamodzi ananena kuti ngati stacks bungwe, ndiye kwenikweni kutsitsimutsa chikhalidwe, ngakhale sukulu idzapita. Koma si anthu onse amadziwa malaibulale zofunika.

kufunika kwa malaibulale

Kale malaibulale anali repositories mipukutu, ndipo pakapita nthawi zakale, anali lidzasinthidwa malo dera, amene anali kulimbikitsa chidziwitso. Russia anawaona kwa nthawi yoyamba kwinakwake mu zaka XI-XII.

Lero malo amenewa mungapeze buku wosiyana kwambiri m'dera anafuna ntchito, kuphunzira ndi akunyogodola. Ndiye n'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera malaibulale?

Cholinga cha malaibulale - bungwe la zosonkhanitsira, kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zokhudza mabuku ndi zofalitsa zina. Poyamba, laibulale zofunika kuphunzira ndi kuphunzira. Iwo ayenera zonse: ana sukulu, sukulu ana, ana asukulu, pensioners ndi akatswiri.

Asayansi atsimikizira kuti ubongo wa munthu wodziwa zambiri wamkulu kuposa Library of Congress of America. Komabe, anthu ndisanaphunzire ntchito mwayi onse a ubongo, kotero buku sitolo sadzakhala kutha ndi zidzafunika. Tsopano aliyense akudziwa zomwe zili malaibulale zofunika.

Laibulale yoyamba

Back mu masiku akale ku Asia anapanga otchedwa laibulale. Mu Nippur assemblage wapadera Mapale apezeka (2500 BC), ndilo lotchedwa wosazindikira buku depository. A pang'ono mu piramidi wa Farao anapeza mipukutu.

Mu m'zaka za zana lachinayi BC Heracles anatsegula yoyamba otchedwa lotseguka laibulale Greece a. Mu zaka za zana lachitatu BC anakhazikitsa Alexandria zapamwamba mabuku, amene mpake ankamuona ngati malo m'patali mabuku akale. Laibulale zikuphatikizapo astroobservatorii, zomera ndi minda zinyama, zipinda moyo ndi kuwerenga mabuku. Patapita kanthawi izo anasanduka Museum, wodzala ndi modzaza nyama, ziboliboli ndi Chalk kwa mankhwala ndi zakuthambo. Tikumbukenso kuti maofesi amenewa zinamangidwa pa malo a. Kodi mulaibulale muyenera? Masiku amenewo, funso limeneli sanali anafunsa. Anthu analemba nzeru zawo mwaluso kusonyeza m'mibadwo yanu.

mipukutu wapatali

Mu Middle Ages mu Russian malaibulale kumene kumakhala Amonke opareshoni masitolo kulilembanso Zolembedwa. Nthawi zambiri zokopera Nsanja ya mpingo. Kupanga pamanja zinali zovuta kwambiri ndi nthawi yambiri ndondomeko, koma chifukwa buku anali mtengo wapatali kwambiri. Chifukwa chake anawasema wapadera iwo amangiriridwe.

Pamene padali kusindikiza nyumba, malaibulale, moyo wasintha kwambiri, chifukwa iwo asiya ntchito monga akale. depositories ndalama akhala mofulumira kwambiri. The zogwirizana kwambiri iwo kukhala pamene anabwera nthawi prisovokupleniem misa ndi kulemba. Kodi tiyenera laibulale m'zaka za m'ma 21, ndi wovuta kuyankha. Anthu ambiri amakonda TV digito, mbwenye akhaleka tayu wakhala wopanda mabuku enieni.

mitundu ya malaibulale

Malaibulale kungakhale:

• dziko;
• dera;
• anthu;
• wapadera;
• anthu akhungu;
• yunivesite;
• sukulu;
• banja.

M'pofunikanso mwatsatanetsatane, mukufuna chiyani za mtundu uliwonse wa laibulale.

National kuwerenga chipinda cholinga kusunga ndi chitsimikizo mwayi yoletsedwa kwa m'mabuku wosindikiza boma. Pakuti kubwezeretsa mayiko ena kutsatira malamulo a chitsanzo kuvomerezedwa.

Regional Library - kugawikana kwa mabungwe tatchulawa, chimene chili chofunika kukhala kutali ndi anthu a m'tauni. Dziwani kuti stacks zimenezi ndi ufulu kulandira chitsanzo kuvomerezedwa.

The ogwiritsa laibulale ali ndi ufulu Dziŵani mabuku zogwirizana kwambiri ndi otchuka. Kodi mulaibulale muyenera mu m'badwo digito? funso ili afunsidwa mobwerezabwereza. Koma chifukwa inu angapulumutse malaibulale sayansi ndi mabuku cholowa cha dziko lonse.

buku lapadera depository

Mu malaibulale wapadera kusungidwa kufalitsa cholinga chapadera, monga eni luso, mfundo boma kapena pepala nyimbo. Nthawi zambiri, zipinda izi kuwerenga analengedwa ndi kufunika kwa kusunga mabuku pa zinthu zina.

Library anthu akhungu amalola akhungu ndi owerenga amene kuwona bwino, kuwerenganso malangizo. Mu establishments ngati kusungidwa mabuku wailesi ndi mabuku olembedwa ndi wosasintha wapadera. State Library kwa akhungu ankaona lalikulu Russia, chifukwa kupatula mabuku ndi zitsanzo bulky amene akhungu naye bwino ndi maonekedwe zosiyanasiyana zinthu.

Books - kudziwa zimenezi!

Masukulu ndi malaibulale ku mayunivesite kupereka ophunzira mabuku. peculiarity lawo n'chakuti kutumikira bwalo yopapatiza wa owerenga. Komabe, mukhoza kukumana yunivesite kuwerenga chipinda kupeza ufulu. Kodi pali tsogolo malaibulale? Funso linafunsidwa ophunzira ano. Ambiri anati palibe - iwo amakhala ngati mabuku digito ndi mabuku audio.

Si kale, mu laibulale, latsopano wozungulira - laibulale pafupifupi. wosuta aliyense kupeza intaneti ali ndi luso download buku lililonse ku malo apadera. Achinyamata ndemanga mokomera depositories amagetsi. Koma anthu achikulire amakonda "moyo" m'buku.

malaibulale zosanjidwa

The stacks wa owerenga angathe kutumikira m'njira ziwiri. Mbali yoyamba, owerenga amapeza ndi muzimvetsera. Kudzera chiphaso ichi mukhonza kuwapeza ntchito buku lililonse kwa nthawi mwasankha. Ena utumiki ndi kuwerenga chipinda: kuno wosuta Mukhozanso kuwerenga mabuku anu okha mu laibulale.

Khalidwe n'kofunika zipinda kuwerenga ndi ndalama structural. Mbali ya mabuku owerenga mwa mwamsanga kwambiri, nthawi zambiri ankalamulira, pamene mlendo ali ndi mwayi yomweyo kupenda. Mabaibulo ena onse anali yosungirako, ndi owerenga kuwatenga iwo ndi m'ndandanda wa.

Dilapidated Mabaibulo kawirikawiri, komanso mabuku, sipangakhalenso anali boma chinsinsi cha kufunika, ndi chikalata yekha pa chikuonetseratu wapadera.

Mungapezeponso mayunitsi mafoni a malaibulale kuti atsogolere mwayi wa anthu ochokera m'madera akutali mabuku ndi intaneti. Utumiki umenewu ntchito ndi anthu olumala, komanso anthu a m'nyumba zosungira.

Today modernized ndi malaibulale komanso zopereka zawo osati kusindikizidwa mabuku, komanso microfilms, zithunzi, zikalata mtundu amagetsi. Kale palibe laibulale wina simungakhoze kuchita popanda kompyuta, choncho adzakhala kufunika osati Achikulire, komanso ana asukulu ano ndi ophunzira.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa zofunikira ndi kuti laibulale simungakhoze kuchita popanda iwo.