Library of Congress: cholowa chikhalidwe cha anthu

Kuyambira pamenepo, ngati Internet anabwera mu miyoyo yathu, ndipo mwamphamvu anagwirizana, malaibulale onse m'dzikoli kunachitika outflow zoonekeratu owerenga. Ndipotu, ku laibulale, ngati World Lonse Web ndi mwayi iliyonse zambiri. Komabe, mfundo imeneyi akhoza anatsutsa, anapatsidwa kuti yaikulu zosiyanasiyana ntchito zolembalemba, Mfundo sayansi ndi zipangizo zina zambiri silinakwaniritsidwe digitized. Zinthu zambiri osowa zofunika kwenikweni n'zosatheka kupeza pa Intaneti. Kodi ndi kukhudza mipukutu yakale kapena yang'anani kupyolera owona yellowed nyuzipepala ya atumwi wotsiriza. Ndipo izo ziri basi kwa wowerenga chabe! Kotero kuti malaibulale lalikulu ndi ndalama zochuluka n'ngotchukabe. Kwa ophunzira, olemba, andale ndi ena ambiri, kwangokhala irreplaceable. Mmodzi mwa anthu amenewo repositories zofunika zokhudza dziko ndi United States Library of Congress.

History ndi Development

Idamangidwa ndi mutsogoleli US John Adams April 24, 1800, pamene anasamukira likulu la United States ku Philadelphia kuti Washington. Iye anatsindika 5 madola zikwi chifukwa kugula mabuku zosowa za Congress ndi chilengedwe cha chipinda chapadera kuzisunga. Library lili Capitol. Gwiritsani zinangokhala ndi mutsogoleli wadziko, wotsatila mutsogoleli wadziko ndi a Senate ndi United States Congress. Ndicho chifukwa izo nalo dzina lake, "laibulale ya Congress."

chidwi linaperekedwa kwa izo ndi mutu wotsatira wa boma - Thomas Jefferson, amene anali bibliophile wachidwi. Iye ali ndi udindo laibulale amagwira kudzadza thumba ake. Pa nkhondo pakati England ndi America m'zaka 1812-1814 Washington anali lowonongeka ndi moto, Capitol anatenthedwa pansi. Dzheyms Medison, amene panthawiyo anali pulezidenti, ndipo anayambiranso laibulale anagula kwa Jefferson asanu ndi theka zikwi mabuku ku Archive munthu. US Library of Congress lidakalipobe moto lina mu 1851, pamene anataya oposa theka la maziko ake. Mu 50 ntchentche za m'ma XIX izo linatsegulidwa mwayi kwa atumiki, mamembala a Khoti Lalikulu, anazindikira asayansi, olemba, atolankhani. An lamulo zofunika anavomerezedwa mu 1870 ndi ndiye mutu wa laibulale Ainsworth Rand Spofford kuti buku lina lililonse la buku anthu lofalitsidwa mu United States, adzakwapulidwa anagonjera BC. A dongosolo yabwino gulu anayamba kupanga ndi mabuku mtsogoleri lotsatira, Herbert Putnam. Personal laibulale ya mabuku 81 zikwi ndi magazini (makamaka mbiri Russian) Russian wamalonda bibliophile Yudin, Gennady Vasilyevich 1907, wogulidwa ndi kunditumiza ku thumba. Malo kumene zosonkhanitsira yaikulu ya mabuku Russian kunja kwa Russia - ndi Library ya Congress. The National Library walandira udindo wa 30 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo.

Heritage anthu onse

Woyamba BC thumba inkakhala mabuku 740 okha ndi mapu atatu. Kwa zaka zambiri, ngakhale moto, wakula kwambiri ndalama zogulira, ndipo masiku ano laibulale US Congress ndi waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse. Lero, zikupereka oposa 150 miliyoni a mitundu yonse ya zipangizo. Ngati ife m'litali mwa maalumali, iwe zoposa 1000 Km. Laibulale ya Congress akupereka Mabaibulo m'zinenero 470 a dziko. Pali oposa mamiliyoni makumi atatu mabuku mipukutu 60 miliyoni, oposa miliyoni manyuzipepala pa zaka 300 zapitazi, anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni asanu mapu, ndipo mabuku ambiri kuposa miliyoni boma US, ndi laibulale ambiri mwa zithunzi, mafilimu ndi nyimbo phokoso. Chaka chilichonse, thumba ndi kudzadza ndi mamiliyoni 1-3.

Kachisi wa Chidziwitso mu Numeri

Chibwenzi, kupeza laibulale ya Congress amapezeka kuti munthu aliyense chidwi pansi ndi zaka 16. N'zoona kuti si onse uthenga kwaulere gawo la chinsinsi cha. Ndi chuma akhoza kugwira m'zipinda kuwerenga, okwana mipando 20 kwa owerenga - 1460. Pafupifupi antchito 3500 ntchito kumeneko. Pa nthawi, ntchito pa digitization laibulale thumba si mwachangu anakhalabe, koma zikhale kokha ndi 10%. Malinga ndi kafukufuku kuyambirira, buku lonse la BC mu mawonekedwe digito mozungulira 20 terabytes.

maonekedwe

Tsopano laibulale ya Congress (chithunzi Ufumuyo) lili nyumba zitatu zimene zili pa Capitol Hill, pakati pawo n'zokhudza ndime mobisa ndi depositories. The wamkulu ndi yaikulu yomanga dzina la Thomas Jefferson, inamangidwa 1890s monga nthumwi yowala ya zomangamanga "Gilded Age." Mu 1939, amange waukulu panali nyumba Dzhona Adamsa. zimasiyanitsa mbali yake - zitseko zamkuwa ndi zithunzi pa iwo milungu Nthanthi osiyanasiyana dziko. Nyumba lachitatu anatsegula zitseko zake kwa anthu mu 70 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo ndipo ndi chikumbutso cha pulezidenti wina US - James Madison. Mu gawo ili la BC ndi zisudzo Mary Pickford, amene nthawi zonse chimasonyeza mafilimu ufulu ndi zithunzi TV ku zopereka Laibulale. Packard Campus - zotchedwa malo osungira zipangizo zithunzi ndi wailesi, anatsegula mu 2007 ndipo ndi nyumba yatsopano, izo lili Culpeper, Virginia. nyumbayo ankamangidwanso ku bunker kale, ndipo dzina lake likuchokera ku dzina la David Woodley Packard, mutu wa Institute of Zachidziwitso, amene analenga pasukulupo. Imodzi mwa mbali zofunika za zovuta ndi mafilimu a kanema, wopangidwa kalembedwe Art Deco.

Office Copyright

Laibulale ya Congress ndi wapadera kwa zaka 130, akuchita kulembetsa wa kukopera. Ndi kokha dziko laibulale mu dziko wodzipereka kwa gawo la chofunika, chifukwa amabweretsa ndalama kumathandiza kuti kubwezeretsa ndalama likuvutika chidwi kwambiri maudindo latsopano. Copyright Office akaundula osati ntchito za olemba American, misonkhano imeneyi ingathandizire nzika za mayiko ena. Register mwamtheradi ntchito ya mtundu uliwonse, monga mabuku, nyimbo, ntchito ed, zojambula, mapu, zipangizo malonda, mapulogalamu a pakompyuta ndi masewera ndi zina zambiri. Gwiritsani ntchito ya Bureau mwina pa Intaneti, mutayankha ntchito mu mawonekedwe a pakompyuta ndi kupanga ndalama zofunika pa nkhaniyi.