Republic of China: zachuma, anthu, mbiri

Anthu ambiri n'komwe kuti dziko tsopano ndi woposa munthu Republic of China, ndi awiri, m'modzi yekha wa iwo ali ndi manambala oyambirira "wowerengeka". Koma si onse. Mu zaka mazana makumi awiri ndi nthawi yochepa padali Republic of China, koma nthawi iyi "Soviet". N'kuyesayesa amene iwo amene ali.

China

Izi ndi boma wamphamvu dziko wotchuka pansi pa dzina bwino za "China". Inakhalapo 01.10.1949 The likulu la dziko ali Beijing. China (PRC) ndi Bomali. Pakali pano, izo chaired ndi XI Jinping. Ankalamulira dziko Party Communist la China. dziko lino ndi membala okhazikika wa bungwe UN Security. Ndipo tsiku lililonse likadutsa ake kulemera ndale za dziko ndi chuma kukula mofulumira.

Boma la Republic of China wakhala akhadzudzumika imapanga Poteteza dziko. Monga lero, China ndiye mwini wake wa gulu lankhondo lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo ulinso ndi nkhokwe yaikulu ya zida za nyukiliya. Yaikulu mizinda China ndi Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin. Ngakhale kuti nambala yaikulu anthu okhala m'dzikoli amene amalankhula zinenero zina zambiri zosiyanasiyana chinenero ali mmodzi yekha - Chinese.

malo Geographical ndi zina zambiri za China

Peoples Republic of China lili kum'mawa Asia. ndondomeko zake ndi 32 ° 48'00 "kumpoto kumpoto ndi 103 ° 05'00" longitude kum'mawa. boma akuchita malo wachitatu mu dziko m'dera ake. Limafotokoza malo pafupifupi miliyoni 9,6 mamita lalikulu. Km. Koma mawu a anthu ndi China, palibe kupikisana. Pafupifupi 2013 chiwerengero cha anthu 1.366.500.000 m'dzikoli.

China kusamba ndi nyanja ya Pacific Ocean (East China, Yellow, South China). anansi ake ndi Russia, Korea North, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos. Coast of China akuyamba ku kumalire ndi dziko la North Korea ndipo akutambasula kuti Vietnam. Iwo ali kutalika 14.5 zikwi. Km. Nthawi zonse China limafanana +8. Telefoni khodi +86.

Chinese Economy

Peoples Republic of China ndi imodzi mwa atsogoleri a zachuma. Choncho, kumapeto kwa 2013 GDP ake anali 7.318.000.000.000.000 madola US, zochokera anthu dziko ndi 6569 dollars. Gross mankhwala pa kugula mphamvu parity (PPP) anakwana 12 383 thililiyoni madola US. Mu pa mawu munthu, kumayambitsa $ 9828. Mu December 2014 chuma China chikukwaniritsidwa woyamba padziko lapansi chizindikiro ichi.

Mu Republic of China ndalama dziko ndi renminbi (CNY). Iwo limafanana kachidindo digito la dziko la chiyambi 156. The chuma cha Republic chapachokha. Pa nthawi yomweyo China ndi anazindikira mtsogoleri dziko kupanga zosiyanasiyana mankhwala mafakitale, monga magalimoto ndi zipangizo. Iwo zogulitsa kunja kwa pafupifupi dziko lililonse kuchuluka yaikulu katundu wa ogula choncho limatchedwa "dziko fakitale". China - chofukizira waukulu wa nkhokwe kuwombola yachilendo.

China anthu

Index Human Development (HDI) mu 2014 China pachikhalidwe TH 91 mwa mayiko. Iye anali 0,719, zomwe ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Demonym (dzina ya anthu okhala m'dera makamaka) zikumveka ngati "Chinese", "Chinese", "Chinese".

Mu China alipo makumi a anthu osiyanasiyana (56 kuboma). Iwo amasiyana awo miyambo, miyambo, zovala, zakudya. Ambiri a iwo ali ndi chinenero chawochawo. Anthu onsewa yaing'ono nkhani okwana kwa% 7 okha a anthu a boma. Zambiri za moyo mu China - Chinese, amene amadzitcha okha "Han".

Ngakhale kuti kuyambira 1979 dziko ndi kukhala zovuta kubadwa kulamulira, pachaka zachilengedwe kuchuluka kwa anthu chikukulirakulirabe bwinobwino. The moyo amayembekezeka anthu Chinese ndi 71 pa chaka. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chiwerengero cha anthu a m'tawuni ndi kumidzi pafupifupi wofanana, kuonetsera kuti mlingo dziko mkulu wa mizinda. Chiwerengero cha Republic amati izi zipembedzo zazikulu - Chibuda, Chitao, Chikomfyushani.

General History wa PRC

China - mmodzi wa limati yakale kwambiri mu dziko. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti chitukuko State pafupifupi 5000 zaka. m'mabuku amene analipo olembedwa kutsimikizira kuti China kale zaka 3.5 zikwi zapitazo panali mabungwe utsogoleri ndi dongosolo otukuka kulamulira. Alternating ndi wina olamulira mafumu ntchito pa kusintha kwake. Chuma cha dziko lino wakhala zochokera chitukuko cha ulimi.

A udindo waukulu mu mtima wa chitukuko Chinese ankaimba ndi kumayambiriro Chikomfyushani monga boma mfundo komanso logwirizana kulemba dongosolo. Izo zinachitika mu II-I m'ma BC. Kwa zaka maufumu osiyanasiyana ndi zigawo, amene anali m'gawo, ophatikizana, ndiye unatha. Pa nthawi yomweyo anthu wamba zowawa chifukwa cholumidwa zonse wongosamukasamuka. Kuwateteza inamangidwa ndi Great Wall la China. Kwa zaka zikwi zambiri chitukuko ichi amphamvu anayamba, kumenyana, anaphatikizana mitundu Asian. Modern China chifukwa cha njira zaka zakubadwa ndale ndiponso chikhalidwe.

Kwa zaka zikwi zambiri boma lolamuliridwa ndi mafumu a achepetse osiyana. Republic of China, wotchedwa Zhonghua mingo, unakhala kuchokera 1911 mpaka 1949

12/02/1912, mfumu yomaliza, Pu Yi, anasaina abdication pa mpando wachifumu. Mmenemonso wa Republican boma kumene kunachitika lamulo, koma kwenikweni mu nthawi kuchokera 1911 mpaka 1949 anapitiriza pa "Nthawi ya Mavuto." Pa nthawi yomweyo, China unasweka mu mabungwe osiyana boma akuwuka pansi pa mayunitsi asilikali zigawo. Only mu 1949, Gulu Communist la China Army (CPC) anakhala wopambana mu nkhondo yapachiweniweni m'gawo lake. Izi kwathandiza kwambiri kuti thandizo la Soviet Union. CCP anapambana ndiwofatsa Party wa Republic of China, yotchedwa Kuomintang. Olamulira a inawo anathawira ku Taiwan. Kumeneko anayambitsa boma ngati Republic of China.

Kulalikidwa kwa Republic

Mu September 1949, m'dera la China ano anagwirizana kafukufuku Council Anthu a Chinese. Zinali iye amene analengeza Republic of maphunziro. Pa nthawiyi anali wosankhidwa boma Council ku Central Anthu (CPPCC), omwe anakhala tcheyamani Mao Tszedun. Mu 1954, ku China, malamulowa Analeredwa, Sinthani dzina TSNPS mu Chakhalapo Komiti ya Congress Anthu a National.

Mu nthawi kuchokera 1949 mpaka 1956, boma la Soviet Union ankathandiza onse ku State polenga mafakitale zofunika. nationalization ndi collectivization zinachitikadi pa dera la Republic. Kwambiri mayendedwe anayamba kumanga zokomera. Mu 1956, moyo watsopano wa chitukuko wakhala analengeza mu dziko, amene anakhala thupi mu moyo maganizo a Mao Zedong ndi "communisation" ndondomeko ndi "adzatumpha kwambiri kutsogolo". Kuyambira 1966 mpaka 1976, China anali atalengeza "chikhalidwe zisinthe" ndipo zotsatira kulimbitsa kulimbana kalasi. Akuguba pa "wapadera" Njira ya chitukuko, chikhalidwe ndi anthu adakana asapita chofunika ndalama, laletsa mitundu sanali boma la umwini, mazira asapita yachilendo zachuma ndi kusunga mayesero onse.

Chiyambi cha "chozizwitsa zachuma"

Kubwera zopangira khola Syaopin anadzudzula ulamuliro wa kuloŵedwa wake, ndipo mu 1977 linakhazikitsa ntchito yatsopano, amatchedwa "Beijing Spring". Mu 1978, pa plenum a mlingo CPC analengeza wa zokomera msika chuma. Iye anali wonena za. Iye amayenera kuphatikiza mapulani ndi kugawa ndi dongosolo msika ndi kukopa kwambiri za ndalama zakunja. makampani Chinese apeza kudziyimira pawokha zambiri mu ntchito yawo zachuma. Iwo anali kwambiri yafupika mu chuma m'boma lotseguka ufulu mabacteria zachuma. chidwi chachikulu linaperekedwa kuthana ndi umphawi wa anthu, komanso sayansi ndi luso patsogolo.

Pofika kumapeto kwa 80s zaka mazana makumi awiri ndi anthu Republic Anthu akhala kwathunthu chakudya. Chaka chilichonse, GDP ndi mafakitale kuti chikukwera. Phanga Syaopina kusintha akwanitsa kuchita ndi kutsatira amalandira ake:

• 1993 - Tszyan Tszemin;
• 2002 - Hu Tszintao;
• kuyambira 2012 - XI Jinping.

dongosolo China State

Kuposa zonse zolembedwa mu dziko lapansi lidalengedwa 4 ya malamulo (1954, 1975, 1978, 1982 gg.). Malinga otsiriza a iwo, China ndi Bomali wa kupondereza demokalase anthu. ulamuliro wake wapamwamba ndi unicameral National Congress Anthu (Congress National Anthu). Amakhala ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha akuluakulu (2979), amene amasankhidwa 5 wazaka chisankho dera. NPC akukumana pachaka. Kuti nawo chisankho abomawo mamembala a CPC ndi 8 a magulu "demokalase", zomwe zili mbali ya CPPCC (Political kafukufuku Council Anthu a Chinese). Mwapamwamba wamkulu thupi - Bungwe la boma, kapena (ngati amangonena kuti) Government ku Central anthu. Amakhala: yaikulu ndi ziwanga ake, atumiki, Auditor General, mamembala wamba, mlembi wamkulu. Wamkulukulu bwalo - milandu kubwalo la Supreme anthu. Ikulu ntchito pa chitukuko cha dziko ankaimba ndi makonsolo - Congress Anthu ndi wamkulu ndi utsogoleri (national) boma.

Pakali pano, aphungu ake, pali zigawo wapadera utsogoleri, ndicho - mu Hong Kong ndi Macau. Mutu wa Republic of China, XI Jinping, sasiya kugwirizana ndi wolowa wa USSR - ku Russia. Chaka chilichonse ubwenzi pakati pa maiko awiri ndi matanthauzo mgwirizano opindulitsa ndi ikupita patsogolo. Akazembe a Republic of China latsopano la Russia amamangirira zofunika kwambiri kulimbitsa zina ubale pakati pa mayiko athu.

utsogoleri magawano

Monga China - yaikulu lonse ndi chigawo anthu, ali ndi zovuta kapangidwe ka ntchito. China wokhulupirira kulamulira zigawo 22, ndipo boma akukhulupirira 23 adminedinitsey Taiwan. Kapangidwe ka boma mulinso 5 zigawo yoyenda yokha, 4 mizinda yambiri (mzinda chapakati ulamuliro), 2 wapadera dera lawo unit. Pamodzi, amatchedwa "kumtunda China". Osiyana mayunitsi utsogoleri ndi: Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan.

Ndipotu China pali milingo ya boma:

• akuzigawo (23 zigawo, mizinda chapakati subordination 4, 5 ndi 2 yoyenda yokha m'dera wapadera);
• Dera (15 prefectures aimak 3, 286 ndi 30 m'maboma m'tawuni yoyenda yokha);
• chigawocho (zigawo 1455 wamba, 370 - boma, 117 - yoyenda yokha; 857 wamba ndi wapadera chigawo 4; 49 yosavuta yoyenda yokha khoshuns 3);
• Parish (13,587 ndi 1085 National ochiritsira zigawo, 19.683 kuthetsa 106 yosavuta 1 dziko TJS 2 County m'dera lamulo ndi msewu Committee 7194);
• kumidzi (m'tawuni okhala, madera, midzi).

Hong Kong ndi chimodzi mwa malo chuma cha dziko lapansi. Mu ichi utsogoleri dera lapadera la China, omwe anadutsa akuwayang'anira ake mu 1997, ali kunyumba kwa anthu oposa 7 miliyoni. Macau - gawo yoyenda yokha (poyamba Chipwitikizi njuchi), komwe anthu oposa 0.5.

Republic of China

Tiyenera tsopano kuthana ndi inati ili m'dera limeneli. Republic of China ndani? Koma palibe kanthu ngati Taiwan, zomwe boma Chinese amaona m'chigawo 23 a dziko. Chilumba mu Pacific Ocean ili 150 kupita kutali kugombe la kum'mawa kwa China kumtunda. Pakati pa iwo ndi Taiwan Khwalala. M'dera la chilumbachi 36 sq M.. Km.

ufulu boma unali kulengezedwa pa mzinda 10.10.1911, koma mpaka pano ali ndi tsankho kuzindikira zamtendere. chilankhulo Taiwan cha boma - Chinese. Likulu - Taipei. Republic of Izi ndi demokalase ndi dongosolo theka-pulezidenti wa boma ndi othandiza konsekonse. Pakali pano, Taiwan ndi limodzi mwa mayiko ambiri otukuka m'chigawochi. Ndi mbali ya otchedwa "akambuku anayi Asian". Pulezidenti wa dziko ndi wosanganiza Ma Intszyu.

Flag wa Republic of China ndi mbendera wofiira, kufanizira Dziko Lapansi, ndi rectangle buluu mu chapamwamba kumanzere ngodya, omwe ndi kumwamba. Izo zikusonyeza dzuwa woyera. Flag wa Republic of China poyamba anaonekera mu 1928 mu Kuomintang.

Mu Taiwan, kunyumba kwa anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 23,3. Ndi GDP pa munthu mu 2013 analipo 39 767 madola US, lomwe nthawi 11 lalikulu kuposa chithunzi ichi mu China. Taiwan luso makampani kungathandize kwambiri pa chuma padziko lonse. Ndi phindu lake chaka ndi chaka kumawonjezera yekha. Economy wa Republic of China bwinobwino anayamba m'zaka zapitazi pogwiritsa ntchito luso atsopano ndi maphunziro kwambiri kwa anthu. The ndalama wa dziko lino - Taiwan Kwacha.

Maphunziro a Republic of China kwa zaka anayamba moti nthawi zonse amaganizira kusintha zofuna za chuma kukula. Pakali pano, nthawi ya maphunziro mokakamizidwa zofunika ndi zaka 9. Posachedwapa, Taiwan akuluakulu ndikufuna kuwonjezera ichi kwa zaka 12. Dziko lonse la maphunziro makamaka nkani kwa kuphunzira sayansi ndi luso. Chifukwa cha omaliza maphunziro nayo imodzi ya amaudindo apamwamba kuphunzitsa masamu ndi sayansi.

Chinese Soviet Republic

An lothandiza lamadyerero-chikominisi, ambiri kalekale. anthu ochepa mukudziwa kuti panali boma, monga Chinese Republic Soviet. Zinatha yaitali kwambiri. boma yaing'ono analengedwa mu 1931 pansi pa utsogoleri wa Party Communist mu South chapakati China (Jiangxi). Mu 1937 izo lidzasinthidwa dera.

Chinese Soviet Republic anali mbendera yake, ndi Provisional boma, Constituion, malamulo, zizindikiro ndalama ndi makhalidwe ena amanena. Bungwe la Commissars Anthu a mabwalo lotsogoleredwa ndi wina kuposa Mao Tszedun, yemwe anadzakhala mtsogoleri yaitali Republic of China. Asilikali thandizo la dziko lino wakhala chapakati Army Group. Mpheroyi asilikali a Mao Zedong ndi Zhu De. Mu 1931-1932 gg. panali ziŵalo wa Red Army.

Waukulu Hrs mbali ya Chinese Republic Soviet anali: udindo migodi, remoteness, kulephera kulankhulana, amene anathandiza kuti chitetezo chilichonse adani awo. Iwo lokhalamo anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 5.