Kodi Mzimuyo diso mtundu?

Monga ana adzalandira diso mtundu? Kodi n'zotheka kulosera zinthu zidzakhalire mwana? N'chifukwa chiyani iwo albinos pinki? Ngati makolo onse ndi maso bulauni, ndiye kaya abadwe, maso a buluu mwana? Kodi mtundu wa Iris chiyani? Mafunso amenewa ndi zogwirizana nthawi zonse. Anayankha iwo ali okwana mbali mkati ndi kunja kwa thupi anapanga pamaziko a genotype komanso anagula mu chitukuko payekha. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani, ndipo kodi Mzimuyo mtundu wa m'diso la munthu?

Mkhalidwe umenewu anatsimikiza ndi mtundu wa Iris (Iris) ongokhala ectodermal (chosinthika) ndi mesodermal (kutsogolo) zigawo. Ndiko kuti, mtundu wa diso anthu zimadalira chikhalidwe cha fustsina yogawa (zimathandiza kubala pigment zithunzi zimatenga kuwala ndiponso kupewa madyaidya ndikuledzera ake ndi kusinkhasinkha, chifukwa mu bwino sharpness fano zithunzi) maselo pigment backsheet ndi melanin (zachilengedwe mdima kanthu) mu pigment munali ndi kuwala kuwalitsa maselo (chromatophores) a wosanjikiza kutsogolo. Pa mtundu nazonso anakhudzidwa ndi boma ziwiya Iris ndi ulusi, nambala osiyana ndi chikhalidwe cha pigment, amene nawonso Mzimuyo Genet. Diso mtundu chifukwa cha chibadwa. Koma si onse anamvetsa.

Melanin ndicho chikhazikitso wachikuda, sukhala osati mtundu wa maso, komanso tsitsi ndi khungu malankhulidwe. Koma kodi Mzimuyo mtundu wa maso? The melanin zambiri zili mesodermal wosanjikiza, ndi mdima wa Iris, ndi ang'onoang'ono ndi kufalitsidwa ku maselo pigment a wosanjikiza zapambuyo wa Iris, ndi opepuka ndi. Pali melanin zofiirira ndi wakuda (kapena eumelanin), ndi chikasu (kapena pheomelanin). Kwa chikhalidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala achilengedwe ndi kugawa ake limafanana majini ena. Chifukwa, coloration wa Iris mwina buluu, wabuluu, imvi, zobiriwira, Amber, chithaphwi, Carey ngati wakuda. The mwana adzalandira kufanana ndi kholo ndi zizindikiro lalikulu (bulauni, kuwala bulauni ndi obiriwira) ndipo sanalandira mtundu wa maso a makolo ndi makhalidwe recessive (buluu kapena imvi).

Pa maso a buluu kumbuyo wosanjikiza ndi akuda buluu chifukwa mtima anapanga kolajeni ulusi, wosanjikiza kutsogolo ali okhutira osachepera melanin. Blue amasiyana yochitidwa kachulukidwe buluu apamwamba ulusi: apamwamba osalimba, ndi opepuka wa Iris. Gray diso mtundu uli chifukwa kachulukidwe wamkulu wa kolajeni. Wosanjikiza patsogolo pang'ono melanin wobiriwira chifukwa cha buluu ochekenera wosanjikiza Iris chosinthika ndi inhomogeneously wobiriwira ndi zosiyanasiyana mitundu. Kodi Mzimuyo mtundu wa maso Amber? The pigment lipofuscin zipangitsa mtundu wawo yunifolomu. Ndi zolimbitsa melanin okhutitsidwa Kakhungu lakunja kwa diso kukhala dambo kapena mtedza. Brown ndi pamene chromatophores muli zambiri melanin. Pakuti wakuda yodziwika ndi okhutira mkulu wa pigment, zomwe kwathunthu zimatenga kuwala. Mu albino iye palibe, ndi wa Iris limapezeka pinki kapena wofiira chifukwa chinyezimiro mtundu wa ziwiya magazi.

Akhanda ndi Iris buluu, koma mwina mdima pa zaka zingapo zotsatira. N'chifukwa chiyani izi ndi zimene amasankha mtundu wa maso a mwanayo? The melanin mu thupi pa nthawi ya kubadwa kwa mwana wosabadwayo sunayambe, popeza si lamulo mpaka nthawi, UV chitetezo, yomwe ikuchitika a pigment mdima. cholinga chake chachikulu - ndi kuteteza cheza kuwonongeka kwa zimakhala thupi. Atabadwa, iwo amayamba yopanga melanin ndi maselo apadera (melanocytes). Choncho, mtundu weniweni wa diso mwana sangathe titsimikize kale kuposa zaka zitatu, ngakhale kusintha nthawi zina zaka 10-12. Akuluakulu angathe kusintha mtundu wa Iris anali mchikakamizo cha mankhwala kapena chifukwa matenda. Mwachitsanzo, pali chikasu coloration chifukwa kudzikundikira lipofuscin.

Kawirikawiri kuganiziridwa kukhala wamphamvu bulauni maso, ndi mdima buluu - recessive. Koma sayansi yamakono watsimikizira kuti si yapafupi. The akuda mtundu, m'pamenenso umalamulira: Brown pa wobiriwira, zobiriwira pa buluu. Koma si nthawi zonse bulauni-eyed mwana, ngati Iris kwa mayi ndi bambo bulauni. Ana, zingakhale zosiyana. Kawirikawiri izi zimachitika chifukwa cha wolakwika chitukuko cha pigment zoyendera zoopsa m'deralo, kapena m'mimba kapena mwamsanga pambuyo pa kubadwa, komanso matenda chibadwa.