Kodi Nyanja ya Azov? Nyanja ya Azov pa mapu a Russia. Crimea, Azov Sea

Nyanja ya Azov pa mapu ndi madzi theka-la- ya Atlantic Ocean. Chinthu lili kum'mawa kwa Ulaya. Mayiko awiriwa pa dziko lawo la nyanja ya Azov - Ukraine ndi Russia.

zambiri

Nyanja Azov imatengedwa kukhala wamng'ono dziko. pazipita kuya kwake - mamita osapitirira khumi ndi zitatu ndi theka, ndipo pafupifupi (malinga ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana.) - mu osiyanasiyana 6,8-8 mamita m'dera limene Nyanja ya Azov, zili zinthu zina, kulumikiza madzi a Atlantic Ocean. Pakati pawo ndi Kerch Straits la Gibraltar ndi Bosphorus ndi Dardanelles. Komanso, maulalo kulumikiza ndi Mediterranean, Aegean ndi Black Pacific.

nkhani

Poyambirira, mu nthawi wakale, kumene Nyanja ya Azov tsopano, panalibe madzi. Kudzaza madzi ankati inayamba mu 5600 BC. e. Ngakhale Don Mtsinje amalowa m'Nyanja Black mwachindunji mu watsopano wa Kerch Khwalala. M'dera limene Nyanja ya Azov, pali madera osiyana. Maina a ambiri a iwo anapita m'malo mwa dziwe. Mwachitsanzo, mudzi wa Azov ndi Azov, mzinda wa Azov umene uli malire kunsi kwa mtsinje. Don Novoazovsk ndi ena.

dzina

Kale, madzi a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ankatchedwa njira zawo. Izo ziyenera kuti nyanja ndi anadzatchedwa nthawi zokwanira. Mpaka lero ayi anakhazikitsa chiyambi chenicheni cha dzinalo. Pali malingaliro angapo pa etymology ya Mawu apachiyambi "zinthu zofunika kwambiri":

• dzina lake Prince Azuma, amene anaphedwa mu 1067 g.;
• wa fuko dzina "aces", zimene pamapeto, anali amaganiziridwa Avestan ndipo limatanthauza 'kusala ";
• wa Circassian "uzev" kutanthauza "mkamwa";
• la mawu Turkic "kapena kuti Athan" - "m'munsi".

Zinthu zakale Ine C. N. e. Pliny m'mabuku ake kulemba mafuko Msukuti, ati Pamudzi "Asoka". dzina ndi ofanana ndi mawu akuti "zikande". Amakhulupirira kuti dzina la makono a madzi anayamba ntchito maina Russian malo kuyambira chiyambi cha m'ma 17, chifukwa cha mbiri Pimen. Izo ziyenera kuti dzina la pachiyambi ndiribe onse Nyanja Azov (pa mapu a Russia sanali kutali ndi munthu amene analandira dzina la mzinda wa Taganrog ili lero). Ndipo kokha kwa theka 2 zaka za m'ma 18, dzina wandiweyani dera lonse.

kafukufuku

Mbiri ya dera kuphunzira, kumene Nyanja ya Azov, conventionally kugawidwa mu magawo angapo.

1. Geographic (wakale), chimene chinafika pa nthawi ya Herodotus kwa zaka za m'ma 19.
2. Nthaka ndi Geography. Umayambira m'ma 19 ku 40s kwa zaka za m'ma 20.
3. Zovuta. Nthawiyi anayamba m'ma 20 ndipo ulipobe.

Claudius Ptolemy mapu woyamba wasenza wa Azov Sea gombe. Ukraine ngati kulibe, ndipo malo a posungira wachibale zinthu zina sanali zoonekeratu. Ptolemy anakhazikitsa poyamba chirengedwe ndondomeko ndi pakamwa mitsinje, m'mizinda, kumalo ndi capes. Kenako Svyatoslavovych Hleb, amene analamulira mu 1068 mu Tmutarakan, ayezi kuyeza kwa Kerch kwa Taman. Inali pa nthawi imeneyo 20 makilomita. Kale mu zaka 12-14 Avenetia ndi Genoese anayamba mapu ndi boti malangizo a Azov ndi Black Pacific.

malo Hrs

M'dera limene nyanja Azovskoe uli pakati pa 45 ° 12'30 "ndi 47 ° 17'30" p. yakumadzulo. ndi 33 ° 38 'ndi 39 ° 18' mu. . D mosungiramo pazipita kutalika ndi makilomita 380, ndipo m'lifupi - makilomita 200. Mwanyanja ali kutalika 2686 Km, pamwamba madzi m'dera chimakwirira kudera la mamita lalikulu 37.800. Km (chithunzi ichi sakhala ndi mangongo ndi zilumba zomwe amafalitsidwa m'dera la 107,9 sq. km). Malinga ndi mbali morphological wa chinthu ali m'gulu la nyanja pomwepo. dziwe imatengedwa osaya, ali otsika otsetsereka m'malire. Nyanja Azov (pa Russia mapu, izo zimasonyeza bwinobwino) patali mokwanira ku nyanja. Pa nkhani imeneyi, chinthu uli gulu la madzi chokhala. M'nyengo yozizira, Nyanja ya Azov Tingakhale kapena pang'ono amaundana. Ayezi nthawi yomweyo ziletso pa Kerch Khwalala. Childs, ayezi mapangidwe kumayambira January. Mu zaka kuzizira izo zikhoza kuchitika mwezi kale.

bathymetry

Malo Nyanja ya Azov, ali m'madzi zimachititsa chilumbachi osavuta. M'kupita kwa kuchotsedwa kwa gombe, ndipo pali yosalala pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka kuya. M'chigawo chapakati cha m'dera akamafika mamita 13. Pali kuya pazipita. Location isobaths pafupi symmetrical wophwanya pang'ono kukokera iwo cha kumpoto-kum'mawa kwa Gulf wa Taganrog. Pafupifupi makilomita awiri pa nyanza ndi isobath mamita 5. Iwo amachotsedwa Taganrog Bay ndi pafupi m'kamwa mwa Don Mtsinje. Mu gawo ili kuya kumawonjezera kwa mbali lotseguka posungira. Pa malire a nyanja ndi Gulf akamafika mamita asanu kapena zisanu ndi zinayi. yodziwika ndi machitidwe pansi mpumulo m'madzi okwera. Iwo kuwonjezera pamodzi kumadzulo (mabanki Arabatskaya ndi sitima) ndi kum'mawa (Zhelezinka Bank) m'malire. Kuzama pamwamba pawo ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa 8-9 ndi mamita atatu kapena asanu. Pagombe m'madzi otsetsereka pagombe la kumpoto amakhala ndi osaya ndi zinthu zambiri. Apa, kuzama kwa 6-7 m. The chakumwera amakhala phompho m'madzi otsetsereka. Mozama pa malo - mamita 11-13. Mwa nyanja amakhala mchenga ndi lathyathyathya. Chigawo kum'mwera Komabe, mungapeze mapiri akuchokera chiphala, ndipo nthawizina kudutsa mu mapiri patsogolo phompho.

The catchment m'dera mu beseni ndi za 586.000 mamita lalikulu. Km. Mumayenda zimadalira kuwomba mphepo yamphamvu kumpoto-kum'mawa ndi malangizo kum'mwera kumadzulo. Chisonyezo chachikulu ndi m'mphepete. malangizo ake kumbuyo kutsogolo.

zinthu kutentha

Pakuti madzi ochepa amakhala ndi lalikulu nyengo kutentha masiyanidwe. mitengo yozizira monga mkulu monga osachepera lapansi. Mu January-February, amayamikira pafupi mpaka madzi kuundana. Kum'mwera kwa posungira, pafupi Kerch Khwalala, ndi thermometer ndime limatuluka pamwamba ziro. kutentha matalikidwe mu chaka - + 27.5 ... + 28.5 ° C. M'nthawi ya chilimwe, padziko lonse nyanja amalembedwa mwachilungamo homogeneous zizindikiro - kuchokera madigiri +24 kuti +26. Mu July, m'madera ena (monga Crimea) Azov Sea kutentha kwa munthu pazipita 28 ... madigiri 28.5. Koma kutentha kwambiri mkulu chinalembedwa mu Primorsko-Akhtarsk. Zinali madigiri 32,5. Pankhani yaitali pafupifupi kutentha, pamwamba pa madzi ndi mwa 11 ° C. kusinthasintha yapakati-pachaka pamene dongosolo la digiri imodzi.

amenewa

Azovskoe nyanja ndi zinthu hydrochemical. Iwo anapanga makamaka mchikakamizo cha wochuluka mtsinje inflow (12% buku okwana madzi). Komanso, pali penapake angaletsedwe madzi kuwombola ndi Black Sea. Pamaso pa lamulo Don amenewa mosungiramo ankaona poyerekeza kuti m'nyanja. katatu. Indicators osiyanasiyana monga 1 ppm pakamwa pa mtsinje kwa 10,5 m'chigawo chapakati ndi 11,5 mu Kerch Khwalala. The amenewa kwa Nyanja Azov panauka pambuyo yomanga Tsimlyansk opangira magetsi. Ndi 1977, chiwerengerochi chinawonjezeka ndi 13.8 ppm mu Taganrog Bay a manambala likanakhala m'munsi - 11.2. Pa okhutira ndi mkulu chinyezi panali kuchepa mofulumira amenewa. Zinali nthawi imeneyi 10,9 ‰. Komabe, ndi 2000, kanjedza nauka, wosasunthika pa 11 ‰. Izo ziyenera kuti dera la kumpoto cha posungira pali mchere, monga kuyenera malo, amene adjoins Crimea. Azovskoe nyanja (mapu kusonyeza malo a chinthu limaoneka pansipa) m'dera wolemera waikamo mtanda mchere. Iwo anali ncho kuchokera kalelo. Mpaka cha m'ma 19 mchere ku malo zaperekedwa Russia amafunika pafupifupi theka. Yaikulu phindu umalandira amenewa a yankho - ndi brine Syvash nyanja zina. Ichi ndi chifukwa kwambiri evaporation kuchokera pamwamba pa madzi m'chilimwe. Onse zigawo izi hypersaline kuimira madipoziti lalikulu zongowonjezwdwa mchere salt, zomwe ziri zodziwika bwino Azovskoe nyanja. Russia, ndi zinthu izi, amapereka ndalama zochuluka mchere izi. Chifukwa cha kugwirizana ndi gawo nyanja ya brine ndi ofanana ndi dongosolo madzi nyanja. Advantageously, mu brine chlorides pano ndi sulfates ya magnesium ndi sodium wochuluka.

madzi

Nyanja Azov ali otsika chilungamo. Nthawi iliyonse chaka ndi m'madera osiyana, ndi osiyana. Indicators osiyanasiyana monga ku 0,5 kuti mamita 8. Low chilungamo chifukwa makamaka kulowa yambiri madzi turbid mtsinje, mokwanira mofulumira resuspension wa sludge pansi pa nsautso madzi, ndi kukhalapo mu misa planktonic posungira. Mitengo wotsikitsitsa akupezeka pa Taganrog Bay. Pali chilungamo mu osiyanasiyana 0.5-0.9, mu nthawi zina - mamita 2. The madzi m'dera limeneli angathe kusintha mtundu wake ku enaake achikasu kuti wooneka chikasu. M'chigawo chapakati cha posungira chifukwa akuya kwambiri ndipo mchikakamizo cha Black Sea mafunde chilungamo akhoza zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pa theka awiri ndi theka mamita atatu. Apa madzi ali enaake buluu mtundu. Kulikonse mu nthawi yotentha ndi kuchuluka chilungamo. Ndipo m'madera ena chifukwa chitukuko mwachilungamo mofulumira nyama kakang'ono ndi zomera mu chithunzi chapamwamba akutsikira ziro. Madzi ndiye chimakhala yowala wobiriwira. chodabwitsa Ichi chikudziwika ngati "nyanja pachimake".