Kodi vuto la kukula m'mabuku ndi chiyani? Mikangano: vuto la kukula

Vuto lokula likudetsa nkhaŵa osati akatswiri a maganizo okha, komanso a chikhalidwe: olemba, ojambula, oimba ndi zina zotero. Nthaŵi yosinthika imaonedwa kuti ndi yovuta kwambiri pamoyo.

Zolemba ndi zifukwa: vuto la kukula m'magulu ambiri

Jerome Salinger mu buku lake laling'ono lakuti "The Catcher in the Rye", lomwe lakhala ntchito yamakono, imakambanso nkhaniyi. Akuti ndizosazolowereka: khalidwe lopambana la nkhaniyi, Holden Caulfield, ndi munthu wa chikhalidwe chenichenicho yemwe amakana zabwino zonse zomwe anthu angamupatse. Chifukwa cha msinkhu wake, Caulfield akubweretsa zifukwa zonyenga. Vuto lokulitsa khalidwe lalikulu la nkhaniyi - ndilo vuto lalikulu kwambiri la achinyamata. Holden ali ndi zaka 17 zokha, kotero kuti ochita masewera a masewerawo azitha "kusewera bwino", sukuluyo imamukhumudwitsa, ndi anthu oyandikana nawo omwe amayesa kulankhulana naye, akumana ndi khoma lolimba la kusamvetsetsana ndi kukanidwa. Nkhaniyo, komabe imathera ndikuti Caulfield potsiriza amakhala wokondwa.

Kusiyana pakati pa mibadwo kapena kupusa kwa achinyamata?

Vuto lokula m'mabuku likuwululidwa kuchokera kumaganizo osiyanasiyana, koma lingaliro la chithunzithunzi mu ntchito zotere likuwonekera kawirikawiri. Chidziwitso cha mwanayo sichikana chirichonse, chifukwa chakuti iye akufuna kuti adzipange yekha kufunika kwake ndikutsutsa ndondomeko yapadera. Kotero, kupitilira mutu wa nthano, ndikoyenera kutchula buku lodziwika ndi Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev "Abambo ndi Ana". The protagonist ya ntchito, chifukwa chake chachikulu nkhondo nkhondo ikukula, ndi Yevgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov. Iye samadziwa tanthauzo la chikondi, amanyoza mtundu uliwonse wa luso ndi kukhulupirira kuti makhalidwe abwino ndi chipembedzo amapangidwa kuchokera ku kanthu koti achite. Ngakhale kuti kunja kuli "kuzizira", khalidweli limangopangitsa munthu wowerenga mwachikulire kumva chisoni. Munthu yemwe amayesa kudzitsutsa kwathunthu kudziko sangathe kuchititsa ulemu, chifukwa khalidwe lotero limatchedwa infantile. Bazarov kichitsya wake wa ku Nihilism, kumene zaka zingapo sizidzakhalabe.

Code of Honor pa nswala: nkhani yonena za Bambi

Vuto lokula msinkhu limatchulidwa ntchito yotchuka kwambiri ya Felix Salten "Bambi, moyo m'nkhalango". Nkhumba yaing'ono ya anthropomorphic, yomwe ikuyimiridwa mu bukhuli, imadutsamo magawo onse akukula. Amadziwa kuti moyo wovuta umamupangitsa kukhala wamphamvu ndi wosagwedezeka, koma ubwana sungamulole kuti apite motalika kwambiri. Bambi wamng'ono amadziwa kuti abambo ake samumvetsera kwambiri, choncho amayesetsa kukhala odziimira okha. Imfa yowawa ya amayi imathandiza, ndipo ubwenzi umayamba kukhala wolimba mtima komanso wolimba mtima, koma nthawi yomweyo zimakhala zovuta chifukwa chakuti sizingathe kupititsa patsogolo njirayi - ichi ndi vuto lake lokula. Mikangano yochokera ku mabuku, ngakhale kuchokera kwa ana, imatsimikizira kuti nthawi ya nyengo yachinsinsi imasiya chizindikiro chosaiwalika m'moyo wathu, ndipo zimadalira momwe nthawiyi idzakhalire bwino. Mu bukhu la "Bambi, moyo m'nkhalango" chikhalidwe chachikulu chimakhala champhamvu kwambiri. Koma kodi nthawi zonse zimachitika m'moyo?

Ubwana, unyamata ndi unyamata

Zolemba zazikulu zenizeni pa vuto la kukula zinathandizanso wolemba wotchuka Alexei Tolstoy. Kulemba buku lake lodziwika bwino la magawo atatu "Ubwana. Adolescence. Achinyamata ", adapereka chakudya cha kuganizira osati kwa anthu omwe akukula omwe akuwona ntchitoyi kusukulu, komanso kwa owerenga akuluakulu. Tolstoy akulongosola mwatsatanetsatane chitukuko cha umunthu wake wosakonzekera, kotero kuti wowerenga "amakula" ndi Lesha wamng'ono, yemwe akukhala munthu wamtengo wapatali wa Alexei. Wolembayo akulongosola moyo wake mosasamala, koma wokondweretsa kwambiri. Mutha kuona m'mene maganizo a msilikali adasinthira, momwe dziko lapansili linakhalira okhwima, momwe maganizo ake kwa banja lake adasinthira. Okalamba omwe adakhalapo, adamuzindikira komanso amamvetsa bwino, ndipo palibe amene adathawa, kuphatikizapo wowerenga. Zoonadi, zigawo zina za Tolstoy mwinamwake zinapangidwa kapena kuganiziridwa, koma ubwino wamakono wa ntchito sizimachotsa izi.

Ana akuluakulu a America ndi zovuta zawo

Ngakhale kuti vuto la kukula msinkhu kwa ana nthawi zambiri limakhudzidwa m'mabuku a maganizo kapena aumishonale, mutuwu ukhoza kupezedwanso muzinthu zina pamutu wina. Mwachitsanzo, Theodore Dreiser, yemwe ali mu American Tragedy, adalongosola momveka bwino momwe ubongo woyambirira wa mwana ungatitsogolere, womwe umakakamizika kukonza moyo wake mosiyana ndi banja lake. Mutu umenewu udakondanso kwambiri Charles Dickens, yemwe chiwonongeko chake chinachitikadi. Wolembayo anakakamizika kugwira ntchito kuyambira msinkhu kuti athandize abale ake ndi achibale ake. Dreiser anawululiranso zomwe zimachitika za "mwana wosakwatiwa," yemwe ali wolemedwa ndichabechabe ndi zamalonda ndipo amakhulupirira kuti udindo m'dera ndi wofunikira kuposa ulemu. Mkhalidwe wapamwamba wa "Masautso Achimereka" mwiniwake ali ndi vuto la zovuta zake, chifukwa nzeru ndi umbombo sizibweretsa chimwemwe kwa munthu. Akulimbikitsidwa kulingalira pazinthu zake zachuma kuyambira ali wamng'ono, Clyde Griffiths akugwera mumsampha wokalamba msinkhu, pamene mfundo zoyambirira za makhalidwe abwino sizinamveke, ndipo mwaphunzira kale momwe mungapezere ndalama.

Psychology ya olemba kuchokera kwa Joanne Rowling

Kawirikawiri, amayi amakhudzidwa ndi vuto lodziwika bwino la kukula. Mikangano yochokera m'mabukuyi imaganiziridwa ngakhale ngati mtundu wa mabukuwa ndi nthano. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi anapita wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi, dzina lake Harry Potter Joan Kathleen Rowling. Mu mabuku asanu ndi awiri, anthu ake akukula, ndipo owerenga akuyang'ana mwachidwi kusintha kwa maganizo awo. Anzanu atatu oyambirira - Ron, Harry ndi Hermione - ndi abwenzi chabe, ndipo kuchokera m'buku lachinai, pamene akukula, amayamba kumva chikondi. Kuwongolera momveka bwino kumalongosola ubale wawo - mwinamwake gawo lapadera mu njira yake yambiri ya psychology idasewera ndi zomwe iye ali mkazi. Kuchokera kwa wowerenga wocheperapo pang'ono, zina mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa mikangano pakati pa anthu angapulumuke, koma wowerenga wodziwa zambiri adzazindikira mwamsanga kuti cholakwa cha chirichonse ndizochitikira zaunyamata. Ngakhale kuti "Harry Potter" - buku lonena zamatsenga ndi zamatsenga, zochitika zaunyamata izi ndi zofunika kwambiri komanso zenizeni. Kuchokera m'nyimbo, monga mukudziwa, simungathetse mawu.

Ana angelo ku Ray Bradbury

Nthawi zina zimakhala zochititsa chidwi kwambiri kuti zifukwa zomwe wolembayo angakhale nazo zingakhale zodabwitsa. Vuto lokula likukhudzidwa ndi iwo ngati kuti mwadzidzidzi, pakupita, ngakhale otsutsa olembabe akugwiritsabe ntchitoyi pamutu wawo. Ray Bradbury mu bukhu lake la "Dandelion Wine" ku malo osakhala achilendo. Iye akufotokoza ndendende momwe mnyamata wamng'ono angayankhire zochitikazo. Izi zikuwonjezera ku bukhu lotchuka, chifukwa owerenga achikulire akhala akuiwalika zomwe adalota ndikuganiza mu ubwana wao. Bradbury mwaluso amatsindika kusiyana kwa chidziwitso cha ana kuchokera kwa munthu wamkulu, ndipo izi zimapangitsa bukuli kukhala lowala kwambiri. Zosangalatsa, sizingakhale zosiyana-siyana, bukhulo likhoza "kumizidwa" pakuwerenga. Pa ubwana wathu tikhoza kulota nsapato za tenisi kapena maluwa atsopano. Maganizo a ana ndi malingaliro nthawi zonse amakhala owona mtima komanso owala, ndipo izi ndi zomwe Bradbury akuwonetsa mu ntchito yake.

Nkhondo ndi mtendere kwa miyoyo yofooka

Vuto lokula m'nkhondo linayambanso kawirikawiri m'mabuku owerengera. Leo Tolstoy sanayambe kupereka buku lonse ku vutoli, koma adaligwiritsa ntchito mitu yambiri ndi mavuto mu ntchito yake yosakhoza kufa "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". Chitsanzo cha msinkhu, chidziwitso chaunyamata, chomwe chimakhala chokhwima komanso chokhwima, ndicho chithunzi cha Natasha Rostova, chomwe chikusintha nkhondo. Tolstoy akugogomezera momwe kupweteka ndi kulakwa kuliri pamene akukula, monga momwe, amakakamizidwira kunja kwa mwanayo pamene amakakamizidwa kukula. Inde, nkhondo si nthawi yomwe mungakwanitse kukhalabe ana anu kwa nthawi yayitali, koma ndi osalungama kwa iwo omwe alibe ngakhale nthawi yolingalira bwino ubwana wawo ! Choyamba chokumana nacho chikondi, kugwedezeka pa mawondo, chisangalalo ndi nthabwala zopanda pake ndi abwenzi - zonsezi zimachotsedwa atsikana omwe ali ndi zaka zomwe akuyenera kukhala pa nthawi ya nkhondo. Chikhalidwecho chimapweteka kapena chimasweka, ndipo chikondi chimakula chimakula ndipo chimakhala chopweteka, kapena chimaphwanyaphwanya, chomwe sichitha kusonkhanitsidwa.

Kusakaniza koyambirira, komwe palibe amene anaganiza

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Vladimir Nabokov amatsogolera pa nkhani ya kukula kwabwino kosakhala mwana. Vuto lokula mu ntchito yake yonyansa "Lolita" amakhudzidwa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, komabe likuchitika. Mtsikana, makamaka, msungwana yemwe, phindu lake kapena chifukwa cha chidwi, amalingalira mwachibadwa kukhala ndi ubale ndi munthu wamkulu - uyu ndi munthu wokondweretsa kwambiri, yemwe sanazengereze kufotokoza Nabokov. Lolita wake poyamba amawoneka wosalakwa, palibe kumvetsa mwana yemwe ali ndi chiphuphu ndipo sazindikira. Komabe, pa ntchitoyi wowerenga amadziwa kuti Lolita si wophweka, ndipo wakula kale kwambiri. Ndizodabwitsa kuti mtsikana woterowo akhoza kukhulupirira ndi mtima wonse ndi mwamuna yemwe amayenera makolo ake. Mwina izi ndi zomwe zinakopera protagonist kwa iye - mkazi wamkulu mu thupi la mtsikana wamng'ono. Chinthu chimodzi chikudalirika: zomwe zinachitika ndi Lolita, sizingatchedwe kanthu koma zovuta.

Vuto la mapangidwe a chikhalidwe mu ntchito yachipembedzo ya Kipling

Ochepa kwambiri adalongosola mutu uwu Rudyard Kipling mu "Book of the Jungle" wake. Nkhani ya kukula kwa munthu imakhudzidwa ndi iye ngati kuti ndikulingalira, koma wolembayo akuwoneka kuti akutsogolera zotsutsana zosatsutsika. Vuto lokula Mowgli ngakhale kuti liri ndi gawo limodzi mu ntchitoyi, koma limakhala kusintha kwa bukuli. Ndondomeko chifukwa Mowgli amayamba kukhala mwamuna ndikumverera mosiyana kwa amuna kapena akazi anzawo, nkhondo yakunja kuntchito ikufika pamlingo watsopano. Ngati Mowgli sanamvepo kuti akukula komanso sakukondwera ndi atsikana, akadatha kukhala m'nkhalango moyo wake wonse. Koma, ndithudi, owerenga sangapeze ntchito yachikale, osati kungoyang'aniridwa ndi ma TV osiyanasiyana. Mowgli sangakhalenso pakati pa anthu omwe kale anali achibale ake. Ziribe kanthu momwe ntchitoyi ilili wachikondi, wowerenga amadziwabe kuti iyi ndiyo mbiri ya moyo wa munthu aliyense, yomwe imafalitsidwa ngati mawonekedwe okongola komanso osazolowereka. Kukula, munthu amachokera ku malo otonthoza, choncho moyo wake ukulira ngati mwana wakhanda.