Kodi wosamwerana madzi? Infighting kwa feuds - mipando Nkhondo Zapakati

Zapakati anapereka dziko yachilendo. Pakati pawo, malo waukulu wotanganidwa ndi mawu akuti "ang'onoang'ono", chimakhudzana ndi pakutchulidwa zochitika mbiri yakale, monga dongosolo ang'onoang'ono, ndi akuluakulu ang'onoang'ono. chidwi kwambiri kuona mmene mfundo zatsopano inakhazikitsidwa mu nthawi zimenezo, kudziwa chimene wosamwerana madzi ndi kufunika mu dziko akale.

Utsogoleri wolowezana wa amazikonda anthu otchuka

Lingaliro la "wosamwerana madzi" kumagwirizana ndi zikamera wa ambuye akale bungwe ndi atumiki. Kugwirizana pakati otchuka anali kuperekedwa ngati utsogoleri wolowezana. Pamwamba pa ndinali zambiri mfumu, ngakhale m'mayiko ambiri ataima m'munsi ang'onoang'ono makwerero lalikulu eni ambuye-dzikolo linali osachepera mphamvu zambiri, koma osati yokhala wamng'ono kwa wolamulira wa dziko.

Ambuye otchedwa lalikulu mwinimunda-m'banja lachifumu, amene inanena kuti mamembala ang'onoang'ono a amazikonda anthu otchuka. Nawonso, otchedwa atumiki.

Yambani asapita ang'onoang'ono kuika Wachifulanki wolamulira Karl Martell mu VIII atumwi. ndi wosamwerana madzi pa nthawi iti? udindo wake imagwiridwa benefices - ndi mphoto malo aang'ono wake posinthana ndi lonjezo kuonekera pa nkhondo pa foni woyamba wa mfumu. Choncho, kazembe natembenukira kwa Ambuye ( "mkulu"), ndipo analandira gawo anakhala m'manja wake.

History mawu

Kalekale France mphoto mwambo mokhulupirika si ndalama (iwo panthawi imeneyo inali pang'ono), koma chofunika kwambiri - m'dziko. Kuti analandira monga mphoto kwa mfumu Ambuye? Ang'onoang'ono, kapena malo a munda ndi osawuka Ufumuyo. N'chifukwa chake iye anatha kulandira ndalama zonse m'dziko.

Nawonso m'manja akhoza kusamutsa gawo kumulola umwini pa olemekezeka zazing'ono, monga Knight, amene anakhala m'manja wake. Pa nthawi yomweyo Senor sanataye ufulu kwa dziko kwapatsidwa kwa wamng'ono wake. Chifukwa, gawo limodzi wokwatibwa ndi anthu awiri kapena kuposa.

Choncho, kodi ndi wosamwerana madzi? Izi yokhudza malo, zomwe overlord chopatsika m'manja wake pa chikhalidwe cha anakhumudwitsa utumiki zankhondo. M'mayiko osiyanasiyana anali Mabaibulo awo dzina la: fulakesi ndi zi- fief. mawu kunayamba mochedwa Latin ndi German feodum fehu (chuma) ndi od (chuma). Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mawuwa anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu X atumwi.

Kuti alowe mu dzikolo m'manja ndi, Señor anapanga mwambo wapadera imene inkatchedwa "investiture".

Amalipiritsa kwa lamanja la umwini wosamwerana madzi

Apa tisaiwale kuti katundu pa Welcome m'manja dziko ankavala makonzedwe. Iye akanakhoza nacho, ntchito ndi kutaya pa wosamwerana madzi okha phunziro kwa mbuye kutsogolo ntchito zawo.

Iye ankayenera limodzi overlord mu nkhondo ndi kukhala kuperekezedwa anayenda, kusunga unit mu chinyumba Ambuye, perekani pa ankafuna kumpanda kapena malo billeting, kuthandiza mavuto, malangizo ndi ndalama.

Kukachitika kuti pa chifukwa chirichonse m'manja analephera kukwaniritsa udindo wake, iye akutaya lamanja la umwini pansi kudandaula, ndipo iye wadutsa mu likhale wina kapena kuti anakhalabe Yehova.

Mbali ina ya wosamwerana madzi anali kuti ukanangolandira m'banja lachifumu. alimi olemera kapena amalonda olemera analibe ufulu amenewa.

Nkhondo m'gawo

Chuma chachikulu kalelo, ndipo kenako mu Zapakati anali m'dziko. Aliyense anali, iye anali nayo mphamvu, ndi mphamvu. madera ambiri a munthu, otchuka kwambiri iye anali. Kwambiri aziti iyeyu n'ngwabwino wapatali ndiponso nyama anali feuds. Nkhondo ya mipando zambiri zinachitika chifukwa cha iwo. nkhondo zimene zinachitika Ages chifukwa cha dziko Middle ankatchedwa "nkhondo ang'onoang'ono," kapena "makangano."

mwansanga awa pakati otchuka zakhala zizindikiro za nthawi. chifukwa awo amasandulika mmene banal dyera ndi kufuna kuti akatidzadza dziko ndi malamulo ena zochitika mobwerezabwereza kuti adanyamuka Zapakati. Izo zinachitika kuti mfumu ya dziko anali m'madera ndi mzake, ngati mmene zinachitikira ndi William I Mgonjetsi. Kukhala Mfumu ya England, iye sanali kugonjera aliyense, koma pamene otsala Duke cha Normandy, anali m'manja mwa mfumu ya France. zochitika zoterezi ndipo zinachititsa kuti nkhondo pakati pa mayiko lonse. Koona komanso panabuka ambuye wamba zambiri. Zinafika kuti nkhani ya makani wolamulira wa dziko, musayambe nkhondo masiku 40 ndi mdani ofooka akhoza kupanga dandaulo kupolisi.

Pomaliza

Choncho, kodi wosamwerana madzi? Mu Middle Ages ku Ulaya, otchedwa Welcome Ambuye m'manja wake tidakocheza katundu pansi mfundo za utumiki awo ankhondo ndi bwalo. Pambuyo kuoneka mtundu wa dziko atagwira Europe potsiriza anapanga dongosolo masanjidwe a dongosolo ang'onoang'ono.