Kodi zizindikiro wamba bowa ndi momwe iwo amasiyana zomera ndi nyama?

Pakuti ndithu nthawi yaitali, bowa amatanthauza mbewu. Iwo yodziwika ndi otsika alibe chlorophyll. Izi zinachitika chifukwa chakuti zizindikiro bowa monga stiffness, luso kukula mu moyo, njira ya kudya, pamaso pa khola chipolopolo zovuta, analola asayansi mumakumbukira nthawi za chikhalidwe cha zolengedwa a zomera m'munsi. Koma 1970-80s mu sayansi anali kudzipatula kwawo mu ufumu osiyana, ndi mitundu zoposa zikwi zana. Ena amanena kuti mfundo yonse ya bowa zambiri, iwo angokhala si onse munthu lotseguka. Za kuti, kodi zizindikiro wamba bowa, amene katundu ndi iwo kwambiri khalidwe, ndi zinthu zambiri zina zosangalatsa kuyesera kuti ndikuuzeni inu m'nkhani ino.

mycology

Science kuphunzira moyo wawo ndi ntchito, ndipo kodi zizindikiro wamba bowa, anadziwika monga mycology. Mwa mwambo, amaona gawo la zomera (poyamba bowa monga zomera anaphunzira botanists, asayansi). Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 21, motero akuti "bowa" iye analibe kwathunthu lomveka, kulumikizanitsa osiyana mu kapangidwe ndi mtundu wa chakudya zamoyo.

A zambiri

Chikhalidwe cha zolengedwa - zosiyanasiyana unalidi waukulu, ndi kwachilengedwenso ndi chilengedwe. Bowa Tingaone kulikonse: pa dziko, mu malo mpweya ndi madzi. Ndipo malinga ndi ziwerengero za akatswiri osiyanasiyana, mycologists, alipo pakati pa 100,000 miliyoni mitundu ya bowa ndi tizilombo gribopodobnyh. Achita mbali yaikulu ya kachitidwe lonse zachilengedwe za padziko lapansi. dziko lathu kwenikweni lodzala ndi zolengedwa amenewa: kuchokera spores kakang'ono mpweya kuti zimaswana motsatizana pansi makilomita ambiri. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti ofufuza amanena kuti chinthu chachikulu Padziko Lapansi - ndi bowa! Kodi zizindikiro zosonyeza bowa ndi zosiyanasiyana m'malo lalikulu la iwo, kuchokera pafupifupi maso ndi mkangano blewits-tinder, ndi yolemera makilogalamu oposa 10? Pamodzi, tiyeni tione.

Zizindikiro zenizeni kwa bowa

Monga tanenera kale, bowa muli zizindikiro za zomera ndi nyama. Ie ndi kufanana ndi nyama, ndi zomera, pokhala palibe mmodzi kapena ena. makhalidwe amenewa bowa ndi tizilombo gribopodobnyh n'kulola kuonetsetsa iwo kumwamba osiyana chikhalidwe.

Njira kotunga

Bowa ndi heterotrophs. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mulibe lithe organic nkhani ntchito monga chakudya ndi kale mu mawonekedwe yotsirizidwa. Kumawapatsa pafupi zinyama. Shlyapochnye bowa ambiri Mwachitsanzo, kunyamula kudalirana ndi zomera: kugwirizana kwathunthu, zimene zakonzedwa zomera organic akufa, kudyetsa lingo ndi decomposing nkhani organic mu zochita kupanga, kutaya iwo. chomera A, nayenso analandira kuchokera bowa, izi mchere chakudya. Choncho, zizindikiro wamba bowa monga makamaka heterotrophy. Ambiri, mu njira ya mphamvu zina bowa ndi tizilombo, ndipo ngakhale adani. Majeremusi bowa tikuuzidwa mu thupi mdani kudzera kuonongeka. nthawi zina zingachititse ngakhale imfa ya mbuye wake, ndi kudya imene yatsala izo - akufa organic. A bowa ufumu ogwirira anagwira amoebas ndi nematodes ntchito yapadera bulges zomatira pa hyphae.

No wotchedwa chlorophyll

Bowa sangathe photosynthesis, monga zomera yemweyo. Iwo mulibe wotchedwa chlorophyll mu maselo. ndi zizindikiro wamba bowa ndi chiyani? The zikuchokera khungu lawo kumaphatikizapo chitin (a khalidwe Mwachitsanzo, kwa mafupa a arthropods). Ndipo komabe kutha kusunga chakudya awa (glycogen), ndi chomaliza kagayidwe kachakudya mankhwala excreted - linanena bungwe. Ndipo zizindikiro izi wamba bowa komanso kuyandikira kwa nyama.

Kulephera kuyenda ndi kukula

Bowa sangathe kusuntha monga kuchita nyama. M'lingaliro, iwo ali (kumene, ngati muona mycelium, okhoza muziyendayenda, kukula mobisa, nthawi zina makilomita ambiri). Komanso onse moyo wanga kukula ndi kubereka spores, monga ambiri a zomera. Ndipo amadyetsa ndi woyamwa ndi lithe mahomoni ndi mavitamini, amene amabweretsa pamodzi ndi zomera.

Kusiyana choyambiriracho

Koma ngakhale zambiri zofanana, asayansi anapeza kuti bowa ndi zomera ali mbadwa magulu osiyanasiyana a zamoyo wakale amene amakhala kalelo mu malo m'madzi. Ndipo maufumu awiri amasiyana njira zawo zamoyo zinachita.

ndi zizindikiro wamba bowa Kodi

Nthawi zina zofanana ndi zomera ndi nyama, ndi bowa kokha zizindikiro zawo mwachibadwa. Thupi vegetative a chamoyo - mycelium (mycelium) kuti akhoza kukula popanda malire onse moyo wake. zone aumbike mwa gawo lapansi la otchedwa bowa hyphae - tubular nyumba filamentary. Iwo bowa Ufumuyo gawo lapansi, kumene iwo kudyetsa. Mu hyphae ofooka anasonyeza dongosolo ma. Ambiri, bowa ndi zina zimakhala ndi unicellular ndi multicellular dongosolo, nyukiliya womangika chipolopolo.

Kunja kapena mpweya zone ambiri bowa matupi zipatso ankaimira (ife tinali kuyesa bowa wa). Mu chilengedwe yabwino iwo zili kunja kwa mycelium lapansi. The matupi fruiting munali spores anafuna kuswana. Amadziwika kuti ena bowa shlyapochnye zingabweretse mpaka makumi angapo a mabilioni a spores moyo wa thupi zipatso. Koma bowa akhoza kuchulukitsa komanso mycelium (ndi zina maselo ake).