Koma chifukwa chake chofunika, kutenthaku enieni kuyaka

Pambuyo anatengera anthu akale moto zosowa zawo nthawi zonse kuti muwone ena atsopano ntchito moto, ndi utsi latsopano. The mafuta ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya combustibles: olimba, madzi, gaseous. Ndi zonse izi kutentha enieni kuyaka?

Ndi tanthauzo kuchuluka kwa kutentha opangidwa ndi kuyaka wa makilogalamu 1 kyubu olimba kapena 1. mita wa mankhwala gaseous, - ndi kutentha enieni kuyaka. Choyezera ake ntchito Joule pa kilogalamu (kapena pa mita kiyubiki) kapena zopatsa mphamvu pa kilogalamu.

Kale tanthauzo la zikuonekeratu kuti mfundo monga kutentha enieni kuyaka amalola poyerekeza pakati utsi osiyana okha. Mu kwenikweni amatanthauza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a kutentha akhoza kuwapeza unit mafuta. Iliyonse chinthu, mtengo uwu udzakhala wosiyana. Pakuti kudziŵa bwino kwambiri amatchula m'bukhu la.

Iwo likukhalira kuti mitengo kutentha enieni kuyaka ndi 8,4-11 MJ / kg, koma iwo sudzakhala khala 15-16 MJ / kg. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani?

Koma apa zonse lophweka. kilogalamu imodzi ya malasha pamene anatentha amapereka zambiri kutentha ndi pafupifupi kawiri kuposa akamagwira kuyatsa kilogalamu nkhuni ndipo apa tikukamba za mitengo ndi chinyezi ena. Chifukwa ngati nkhuni chinyezi mkulu, gawo la mphamvu matenthedwe udzakhala evaporation ndi vaporization wa madzi ali nkhuni ndi zotsatira zomaliza zidzakhala oipitsitsa.

Komabe n'zotheka kuganizira mmene angagwiritsire ntchito mfundo imeneyi kuti luso. Ife tibwerere mmbuyo pang'ono, m'nyengo ya sitima nthunzi ndipo steamships. Chakuti tikuona kutentha enieni kuyaka kwa mafuta (yamitengo ndi malasha) ndi chosiyana ndi ichi, zimaonekeratu kuti chimodzimodzi kwa sitima kapena matabwa Sitima muyenera kuposa malasha. Kumene, ngati tingayerekezere kuti mphamvu Akupereka pa njira ya njira yomweyo, mosaganizira za mafuta.

Ndipo mapeto lina n'lakuti chitsanzo pamwambapa. Kudziwa kutentha enieni kuyaka, n'zotheka kudziwa mmene makilomita ambiri adzatha kuyendetsa sitima kapena kupalasa ngalawa, ndi kotunga mafuta nkhuni kapena makala. Ngati mphamvu mafuta ndi kulakwitsa, ndiye onse magalimoto pa njira lidzatha.

Kale ali Mavalidwewa pakuwonana koyamba zovuta kuzimvetsa ndi zosafunika mwina. Inu mukhoza kufanizira zinthu zosiyana ndi kudziwa kuti n'zotheka ntchito zawo mu zochitika zinazake nkhuni, komanso kuti aone mmene ntchito imeneyi.

Posachedwapa anachita nkhani zambirimbiri za kusintha kwa zina mphamvu m'malo mwa mafuta. Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa vutoli pamaso pa mwayi mphamvu ya mafuta si kukhudza mbali ina ya m'magazini ino, zinthu zimaonekeratu ndi poyela. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, ndi tiganizira zina, kutentha enieni kuyaka wa mafuta ndi 44-47 MJ / kg ethyl mowa - 27 MJ / kg. Ngakhale mowa ethyl ndi oyenera ntchito monga mafuta injini kuyaka mkati, pamene akuyerekeza deta pamwamba analandira nkhaniyo mofanana tafotokozazi, ndi nkhuni ndiponso malasha. Ethyl mowa amafuna zina zambiri, kodi kuyendetsa galimoto pa siteshoni ya mpweya zochepa, ndipo mphamvu ya injini ndi kumwa mowa kugwa.

Komabe, izi zikufanana ethyl mowa kapena methyl. Ngati ntchito monga mafuta butyl mowa, amene enieni kutentha kuyaka ndi chimodzimodzi kuti a mafuta, ndi automakers othandiza zatsopano kutsimikizira kuti n'zotheka ntchito yake mafuta m'malo mafuta, koma sizikuwakhudza nkhani.

Choncho, zimaonekeratu kuti kutentha yeniyeni mphamvu kuyaka ndi khalidwe la thunthu, mu mafuta makamaka. mtengo Zimenezi zimathandiza kuyerekeza maluso zinthu zosiyana ndi zipangizo, kupenda ubwino ndi kuipa.