Ankhondo, amene anapulumutsa Russian statehood

militias ANAKULIRA

Kumasulidwa kwa Moscow kwa adani Polish mu wowerengeka chikumbukiro muno wathu mwamwambo akulemekezedwa imodzi mwa nkhani zambiri zozizwitsa mu mbiri Russian. chochitika amavalidwa ndime munthu ndi wochenjera mthunzi Kutuzov ku likulu mu 1812, zomwe zinachititsa kuti ndege ya Napoleon ku Russia. Ndipo ndi chitetezo cha Moscow mu 1941, anaikidwa dongosolo blitzkrieg la Adolf Hitler. Lero, chochitika chimenechi ndi zokhudza chikhalidwe mlingo holide - Tsiku National Umodzi, kufanizira asilikali anthu mu nkhope ya occupier lapansi.

nthawi ya Mavuto

Chiyambi cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri anali mayeso zovuta boma la Russia. Nyengo amatchedwa mabuku sukulu, "Nthawi ya Mavuto", anali kugwirizana onse ndi mavuto mkati, mabuku, ndi m'ma kuchuluka adani awo. Livonia nkhondo mapeto a m'badwo m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi anayankha kuti mavuto aakulu a zachuma, ndi zikuluzikulu njala othandiza serfdom, mavuto kukula anthu ndi, ndithudi, kuchepetsa angathe asilikali a boma. Against maziko awa, mzere usokoneze ufumu wa kulamulira, chipwirikiti ndale komanso, kawirikawiri kusamutsidwa mafumu pa mpando wachifumu wa Muscovy anapanga zosavuta ndi zingakope alendo. Chochititsa chidwi kulemera ndi chikoka mu dera anapeza woyandikana mu nkhope ya boma Polish, akukumana mwina maluwa chachikulu cha mphamvu zake mu mbiri yake. Izi zikachitika, wina Chirasha Polish nkhondo yomwe inayamba mu 1609, mwamsanga zinachititsa kuti kugwa kwa chiwerengero cha m'malinga zofunika Russian (monga Smolensk ndi Kaluga) ndi kuthawa ndipo kenako imfa ya Zonama wotchedwa Dmitry II ndipo kenako asilikali ntchito kwa Mfumu ya Moscow Sigismund III.

wotchuka kusakhutira

Ntchito kwa zaka ziwiri - kuchokera yophukira 1610 ku yophukira 1612. Zinali nthawi imeneyi chinali chochitika, lotchedwa asilikali. Pamene gulu lankhondo nthawi zonse m'manja ndi mdani wamphamvu, kanthu amayenera kutenga mphamvu ya anthu. Choyamba asilikali anayamba mawonekedwe kumayambiriro 1611 pa kanthu ndipo pansi pa ulamuliro wa munthu wolemekezeka Procopius Lyapunov. Kumanga Zitsulo pamtima a magulu otchuka zinachitika mu malo oyamba pansi pa amati kuteteza Orthodox kumadera a ku Catholic Mfumu. Uliwonse pa lingaliro la ziphunzitso anali kuyankha chachikulu pakati pa anthu, ndi zinthu izi, mlengi zofunika wa asilikali anakhala mabishopu, Hermogenes, akayitane kukana.

Magwiridwe zinachitika mu January 1611, pamene asilikali amuna ankhondo ndi Cossacks wa Ryazan, Novgorod ndiponso mizinda ina anasamukira ku Moscow. Nkhondo kunachitika mu March, pamene masiku Moscow awiri othamanga malawi ena asilikali Polish anagonjetsa chuma, kukonzekera kuti abwerere Komabe, chifukwa kusiyana mumsasa wa asilikali opandukawo ntchito anthu analephera ndipo anawonongedwa. Komabe, akufuna kumasula likulu anatsala ayi. Ndipo mu chaka cha 1611 mu Nizhny Novgorod, anayamba kupanga yatsopano ya asilikali. Atsogoleri a nthawi iyi kalaliki anayamba mkulu Kuzma Minin ndi wotchedwa Dmitry Pozharsky wamng'ono wa m'banja lachifumu, kachiwiri analimbikitsa anthu kuteteza Orthodoxy. Chachiwiri asilikali anapitiriza mwakhama kuumba pa wotsatira 1612, kungolandira a zotsala za anagonjetsa woyamba Army anthu, komanso pophatikiza magulu atsopano a m'tauni ndi osawuka a zigawo chapakati. Mu April 1612 asilikali waukulu kupanduka wambiri Yaroslavl, komwe mtundu wa likulu asilikali unakhazikitsidwa - "Bungwe la dziko lonse lapansi".

The athamangitsidwe wa Zitsulo

Pakuti theka lachiwiri la August, opandukawo anatha kulowa anazinga Moscow ndi Kuzinga makoma mkati mwa mzinda, kenako Zitsulo mbisoweka. Nkhondo yaikulu anagonjetsedwa asilikali Hetman Yana Hodkevicha ndipo anatengedwa ndi boma la Russia, Moscow, kenako kudzipereka potsiriza anamasulidwa.
Choncho, udindo wa asilikali anthu sangathe kukambapo mu ndalama Russian boma.