Mphamvu matenthedwe

Mphamvu - kuti thupi kuchita ntchito. Kuonetsetsa zotsatirazi mitundu ake: magetsi, makina, yokoka, nyukiliya, mankhwala, atomu, matenthedwe ndi zina.

Choyamba - mphamvu ya ma elekitironi ukusuntha kudutsa dera la. Nthawi zambiri ntchito kubala mawotchi ntchito Motors magetsi.

Chachiwiri anaonetsa zoyenda, mogwirizana ndi tinthu munthu ndi matupi. Ndi mphamvu ya mapindikidwe ndi anatambasula, kupinda, kupotoza ndi psinjika a matupi zotanuka.

mphamvu mankhwala chifukwa cha zochita mankhwala pakati mankhwala. Mwina olekanitsidwa mu mawonekedwe a kutentha (mwachitsanzo, mwa kuyaka), ndipo n'kukhala magetsi (mu mabatire ndi maselo electrochemical).

Mu atomu womwe kayendedwe ka minda maginito ndi magetsi mu mawonekedwe a infuraredi ndi X-ray, mphepo, etc. Nyukiliya nyukiliya zinthu zili ndi anamasulidwa chifukwa cha fission molemera kapena kuwala kaphatikizidwe mtima. Yokoka - mphamvu, yomwe ndi chifukwa yafika zinthu chachikulu (Mphamvu mphamvu).

Matenthedwe mphamvu ukapezeka chifukwa lamulo wachisokonezo wa mamolekyulu, ndi maatomu, ndi tinthu ena. Iwo akhoza kumasulidwa chifukwa cha ntchito makina (mikangano), mankhwala anachita (kuyaka) kapena nyukiliya (fission nyukiliya). Nthawi zambiri, mphamvu matenthedwe amachokera ku kuyaka wa utsi. Izo ntchito magetsi, evaporating, Kutentha, ndi njira zina.

Matenthedwe mphamvu - ndi mtundu wa mphamvu chifukwa Phokoso makina mbali structural ndi zinthu. chizindikiro A kulola kudziwa kuti n'zotheka ntchito ngati gwero mphamvu ndi kuthekera mphamvu. Iwo tingasonyezere kilowatts (matenthedwe) -h kapena joules.

zopangira magetsi matenthedwe anawagawa:

• chachikulu. kuthekera mphamvu chifukwa zinthu zachilengedwe adzalandira njira. M'zinthu zimenezi zimaphatikizapo nyanja, nyanja, malasha combustibles neri Al. magwero a Pulayimale anawagawa sizidzatha, zongowonjezwdwa ndipo sanali. Zoyambazo monga madzi matenthedwe ndi zinthu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kubala maphatikizidwe mphamvu, etc. Gulu lachiwiri monga chuma dzuwa, mphepo mphamvu ndi madzi. Komabe ena monga mafuta, peat, malasha, etc.
• sekondale. mankhwala, kuthekera mphamvu ya potsata ntchito ya anthu. Mwachitsanzo, mpweya mkangano mpweya, zinyalala boma, coolants mafakitale otentha utsi kupanga (nthunzi, madzi, mpweya), etc.

Matenthedwe mphamvu panopa pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta okumba pansi. Magwero chachikulu ndi yosakongola mafuta, malasha, gasi. Likuvutika zachilengedwe anapereka 90% mowa okwana mphamvu. Komabe, tsiku lililonse likadutsa zambiri kuwonjezeka ntchito mphamvu nyukiliya.

Zongowonjezwdwa nkomwe ntchito. Ichi ndi chifukwa zovuta za luso lawo kusinthika mu mphamvu matenthedwe ndi otsika kuthekera mphamvu ena a iwo.

Matenthedwe mphamvu chifukwa cha anzake a photons ndi ma elekitironi kunja infuraredi. Recent kuyamwa photons ndipo amafuna kanjira lakutali ku phata la. Choncho, buku la ukuwonjezeka thunthu. Kudzera photons infuraredi Zosintha kutentha mphamvu. Mu photons makamaka mwansanga pakati mamolekyulu ndi maatomu kulumpha kuchoka ku ndende apamwamba kutentha chonyamulira gulu m'madera amene ndi adatchithisira.

The mphamvu matenthedwe tingasonyezere njira: ΔQ = cmΔT. C - ndi zenizeni kutentha chuma, mamita ndi unyinji wa thupi, ndi ΔT kusiyana kutentha.