Konstantin Batyushkov: yonena, zilandiridwenso ndi mfundo zochititsa chidwi. Russian ndakatulo Batyushkov Konstantin Nikolaevich: yochepa yonena

Aliyense akudziwa Vologda ndakatulo Konstantin Nikolaevich Batyushkov. Wambiri ya omveka wake ndiponso oopsa. Ndakatulo, kulenga anapeza amene angwiro dzina lake Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin, ankachita upainiya ku chitukuko cha chinenero cantabile Russian. Choyamba munazindikira izo, "penapake nkhanza ndi aliuma," chidwi "mphamvu ndi expressiveness." Creative zikayenda Batiushkov anazindikira powerenga mu moyo wake onse chi Russian ndakatulo dziko, koma makamaka Karamzin ndi Zhukovsky.

ubwana

Deti la moyo wolemba ndakatulo wa - 18/05/1787 - 07/07/1855, iye anali munthu wakale m'banja lapamwamba Batyushkovs, omwe anali a asilikali, kanjedza anthu asayansi.

Kodi amatiuza za ubwana wolemba ndakatulo yonena Batiushkov? Chidwi mfundo adzadza pambuyo pake, koma tsopano Dziwani kuti mwana akudwala imfa ya mayi wake wokondedwa. Aleksandra Grigorevna Batyushkova (nee Berdyaev) anafa atabadwa Mafupa zaka eyiti. Anali zaka anakhala pa malo banja m'mudzi Danilovsky (panopa Vologda dera) osangalala? Nkomwe. Atate Constantine, Nicholas L. Batyushkov munthu ana bilious ndi mantha kuti yasiyidwa. Iye anali ndi maphunziro kwambiri, ndipo anavutika ndi chomwe kunapezeka kuti sinadzatengedwe ndi achibale mu utumiki chifukwa wachibale manyazi, kuchita nawo chiwembucho yachifumu.

Maphunziro, kudzikonda

Komabe, malinga ndi chifuniro cha atate wake, iye anaphunzira pa mtengo, koma apadera kukwera Petersburg Konstantin Batyushkov. Wambiri ya unyamata wake amalembedwa ndi kuchita ndi zofuna ndi wamasomphenya. Iye, ngakhale zionetsero atate wake, anaponya shkolyarstvo mu penshoni ndi mtima wonse adayamba kuphunzitsa okha.

Nthawiyi (kwa zaka 16 mpaka 19) Munthu wotereyu kusintha kwa mnyamata munthu wa Zachidziwitso woyenera. Mthandizi ndi chabwino Constantine anali wotchuka kwambiri amalume ake Mihail Nikitich Muravev, aphungu ndi ndakatulo, matrasti yunivesite Moscow. Iye anatha kutsimikizira ulemu mphwake kwa ndakatulo wakale. Kumuyamikila Batyushkov, popeza anaphunzira Latin, anakhala zimakupiza a Horace ndi Tibullus, omwe anakhala maziko ntchito m'tsogolo. Anayamba kuyesetsa kukhala revisions wosatha wa Russian chinenero cantabile tingachipeze powerenga.

Komanso, kuthokoza kwa zothandizira mipingo yawo ya bambo anga Constantine khumi anayamba kutumikira kalaliki pa Utumiki wa Education. Mu 1805, choyamba lofalitsidwa ndakatulo wake mu magazini "News mabuku Russian." Iye anakomana ndi St. Petersburg andakatulo - Derzhavin, Kapnist, Lvov, venison.

Zoipa woyamba ndi kuchira

Mu 1807 afa zopindula ndi mlangizi woyamba Constantine - amalume. Mwina, ngati iye anali moyo, iye yekha akanati anakopa mphwake kuti asaone awo osalimba mantha ndi mavuto ndi masautso a asilikali utumiki dongosolo. Koma mu March 1807 amagwira ntchito mu kampeni Prussian Constantine Batyushkov. Iye anavulazidwa mu nkhondo wamagazi wa Heilsberg. Iye anatumidwa kwa mankhwala oyamba mu Riga, kenako anamasulidwa ku munda banja. Kukhala Riga, iye agwa m'chikondi ndi mwana wamng'ono wamalonda a Emilia Batyushkov. chilakolako ouziridwa a ndakatulo mu ndakatulo "Sindidzaiwala 1807" ndi "Kusangalala".

Nkhondo ndi Sweden. zoopsazo

Atachira, Konstantin Batyushkov mu 1808 anatumanso mbali ya Jaeger alonda pa nkhondo ndi Sweden. Iye anali wolimba kapitawo. Imfa, magazi, kusowa abwenzi - imeneyi mwakhama kuti anyamule Konstantin. Osati coarsened moyo wake nkhondo. Nkhondo itatha, kapitawo wa chinaima pa malo kwa mlongo wa Alesandere ndi Barbara. Anthu anaona ndi alamu kuti nkhondoyo wasiya umboni katundu pa psyche osalimba wa m'bale wake. Iye anakhala n'zaka kwambiri. Iye nthawi anati kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo. Mu makalata Gnedich mnzake mu utumiki mu utumiki Wolemba ndakatulo akulemba mosapita m'mbali kuti mantha zaka khumi potsiriza openga.

Komabe, abwenzi ndingowanyalanyaza wolemba ndakatulo ku chilango chopweteka. Ndipo iwo mwina bwino. Mu 1809, izo choviikidwa mu St Petersburg salons mabuku moyo Batyushkov Konstantin Nikolaevich. Mwachidule yonena sakufotokoza zinthu zonse zimene zinachitika pa moyo wa ndakatulo iyi. Iyi ndi nthawi zachulukazi ndi chizindikiro womdziwa ndi Karamzin, Zhukovsky, Vyazemsky. Iye anabweretsa kwambiri mphwake nawo Ekaterina Fedorovna Muraveva (wamasiye wa aphungu, amene nthawi yake anali Batyushkov thandizo).

Mu 1810 Batyushkov retiring usilikali. Mu 1812, mothandizidwa ndi abwenzi ndi Gnedich Venison anyamuka ndi woyang'anira wothandizira mipukutu pa St Petersburg Library Public.

Nkhondo ndi Napoleonic France

Kumayambiriro kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World ndi France iye anayesa kuti alowe mu gulu lankhondo anapuma kapitawo Batyushkov Konstantin Nikolaevich. Iye akuchita ntchito yolemekezeka: wolemba ndakatulo silipita Nizhny Novgorod wamasiye wa zopindula zake Muravevu EF Only March 29, 1813, iye akutumikira Rylsky oyenda Regiment msilikali wothandiza mfumu uja. Pakuti mtima wake mu Nkhondo ya Leipzig kapitawo kupereka dongosolo la St. Anne digiri 2 na-. Chidwi ndi nkhondo Batyushkov analemba ndakatulo "bwenzi mthunzi" polemekeza awo akufa comrade I. A. Petina.

ntchito yake amasonyeza zamoyo wa umunthu a ndakatulo iyi, ku romanticism kuti agwirizane nthawi ya Choonadi ndi ukulu wa mtima wa woganiza Mkhristu. ndakatulo yake za nkhondo (ndakatulo "Pa bwinja la Nyumbayi ku Sweden", "bwenzi mthunzi", "Kufika Rhine") ali pafupi mu mzimu Russian msilikali losavuta, ndi nzeru. Mowona mtima, wopanda anakopekanso zenizeni Batyushkov analemba. Wambiri ndi ntchito ya ndakatulo iyi, anafotokoza m'nkhani, akukhala chidwi. K. Batyushkov akuyamba kulemba kwambiri.

Nevzaimnaya chikondi

Mu 1814, pambuyo nkhondo Batyushkov anabwerera ku St. Petersburg. Apa adzakhumudwe: malingaliro ake sali nayenso mwana kunyumba Olenins kukongola Anna Furman. M'malo mwake, iye akuti 'inde' kokha pa pempho kwa oyang'anira wawo. Koma wosakhwima Konstantin silingathe kumulandira ndi chikondi chotero ersatz manyazi, wakana ukwati umenewu.

Iye akuyembekezera kusintha kwa alonda, koma kuchedwa malamulo osatha. Popanda kudikira kuti ayankhe, mu 1816 Batyushkov wasiya. Komabe, zaka 1816-1817 ali a ndakatulo okha ana mawu a zilandiridwenso. Iye amagwira ntchito mwachangu moyo wa anthu zolembalemba "Arzamas".

Nyengo ya vumbulutso ntchito

Mu 1817 iye anatulutsa Kutolere essays, "Zatsopano mu vesi ndi prose."

Rhymes umasinthasintha akulamulira, kukwaniritsa faceted Batyushkov mawu. Wambiri ya zilandiridwenso anthu anayamba ndi kuona akatswiri a zinenero zakale. Ndipo iye anali kupeza mu Russian Poetics kumatikumbutsabe wa rhymes wa Latin ndi Greek wakale!

Batyushkov anakhala zatsopano za ndakatulo ya chinenero cha Chirasha, zomwe anamusilira Alexander: "syllable ... amanjenjemera", "mogwirizana ndi wokongola." Batyushkov - ndakatulo amene anapeza chuma, koma sanathe kumumvera. moyo wake bwino wogawanika pa mmasate awo oyambirira pa "isanayambe ndiponso ikatha" wakuda gulu la akuchita misala akhate, amene kumaonekera mu zinyengo za kuzunzidwa. Ndipo matenda anali chawo banja lake mbali mayi ake. Nayenso anavutika wamkulu wa alongo ake anayi - Alexandra.

Progressive akhate akuchita misala

Mu 1817, kumizidwa mu kukhumba wauzimu Constantine Batyushkov. Wambiri limanena kuti pakhala ubale zovuta ndi bambo ake (Nikolaem Lvovichem), imene inatha mu chisokonezo wathunthu. Ndipo mu 1817 kholo afa. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti mankhwala a ndakatulo iyi mu yachipembedzo kwambiri. thandizo zake zamakhalidwe abwino nthawi imeneyi Zhukovsky. Wina mnzake, A. I. Turgenev, ogwidwawo kwa wolemba ndakatulo zamtendere positi ku Italy, kumene Batyushkov amakhala ku 1819 kuti 1921.

Amphamvu maganizo kusokonezeka ndakatulo chinachitika mu 1821. Iye anati boorish kuukira (libelous mavesi "B..ov ku Rome") ndi Iye magazini "Mwana wa Dziko Lathu". Zinali ndiye kuti thanzi lake anayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro azilandira akuchita misala akhate.

Zima wa zaka 1821-1822 anakhala mu Dresden, zina lapsing mu misala Batyushkov Konstantin Nikolaevich. Wambiri ya ntchito yake apa adzaleka. Swansong Batiushkov wobwezera ndakatulo "Chipangano wa Melekizedeki."

Taphunzira moyo wa munthu wodwalayo

Moyo wa m'tsogolo a ndakatulo iyi angatchedwe chiwonongeko cha munthu, mwapang'onopang'ono misala. choyamba ine ndinayesera kusamalira mkazi wamasiye wake Muraveva. Komabe, posapita nthawi linakhala zosatheka Makanema onse zinyengo chizunzo itakula. Chaka chotsatira, Mfumu Alexander I n'kukagwiritsa mankhwala ake Saxony Psychiatric bungwe. Komabe, zinayi chithandizo analibe chochita. Titafika ku Moscow, Konstantin Batyushkov mwachidule mbiri zimene tinaziona ndi akumverera bwino. Tsiku lina iye anachezeredwa ndi Alexander Pushkin. Modabwa momvetsa chisoni Konstantin Nikolayevich, wotsatira rhymes wake melodic analemba ndakatulo "Musapereke ine mulungu kuti misala."

Otsiriza zaka 22 wa munthu wadwala matenda okhudza ubongo ku nyumba ya wakewake - mphwake Grevensa GA Apa Batyushkov anafa pa Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi mliri. ndakatulo iyi anaikidwa pa Vologda Mpulumutsi Priluki obisika.

Pomaliza

Batiushkov zilandiridwenso mabuku Russian ukutchulidwa kwambiri mwa ntchito za Karamzin ndi Zhukovsky ndi Pushkin nyengo. Kenako, Alexander K. Batiushkov kuitana aphunzitsi awo.

Batyushkov anakamba polemba chinenero cha "ndime kuwala". Malinga ndi iye, kusinthasintha ake ndi smoothness akhoza azikongoletsa Chirasha. Pakati pa elegies bwino a ndakatulo iyi titchedwe "namatetule wanga" ndipo "Tavrida".

Mwa njira, Batyushkov kumanzere kumbuyo monga angapo nkhani, wotchuka kwambiri - "Madzulo pa Cantemir", "Yendani mu Academy of Wabwino Tirhana."

Phunziro zazikulu Konstantin Nikolaevich, amene analanda woyambitsa "Eugene Onegin" anakhala kufunika kulenga woyamba "kuti apulumuke moyo," nkhani ya mankhwala tsogolo pamaso kuika cholembera ndi pepala.

Moyo Batyushkov Konstantin Nikolaevich. Mwachidule mbiri, mwatsoka, sangathe kulalikira zinthu zonse za vuto lakelo.