"Tsoka kwa nzeru"; mbiri ya sewero lanthabwala

Wotchuka mankhwala a A. S. Griboedova ndi wotchuka sewero lanthabwala "Tsoka kwa nzeru". Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha sewero ili ndi kobvuta kwambiri. Wolemba wina analemba kuti kwa zaka zingapo. Za momwe izi zitachitika, ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

A pang'ono za wolemba

Long zokwanira kulemba sewero "Tsoka kwa nzeru". Mbiri ya sewero lanthabwala pamapeto pake zikomo yaitali kwa imachita ntchito A. S. Griboedova. Ndipotu ntchito zolembalemba anali kutali utakhala wake waukulu. Alexander anali chitsanzo cha mwapadera mphatso munthu. Kale mu zaka khumi anali wophunzira wa University Moscow. Mu zaka 13, Griboyedov anali wophunzira wa philology, koma anasiya maphunziro ake ndi maphunziro m'madipatimenti awiri yapamwamba: khalidwe ndale zathupi masamu. Griboyedov mwangwiro zinenero khumi. Iye analemba nyimbo ndipo anachita izo yekha mwangwiro pa limba. Alexander anali ntchito nthumwi, anakhala woyamba Russian kazembe ku Iran ndi kufa kutetezera zofuna za Lathu.

Zangwiro ndi chikhalidwe, Griboyedov amanoledwa ntchito zake zolembalemba ku ungwiro. Mosamala restyling kakusintha ndi "Tsoka kwa nzeru". Mbiri ya chilengedwe umboni izi. Mwatsatanetsatane nkhani ya kulemba bukhu chidzamasulidwa zotero pansipa. Choyamba tiona Chidule cha sewero wotchuka.

Ntchito chiwembu

Ndithudi munthu aliyense Russian akudziwa za kukhalako kwa sewero lanthabwala "Tsoka kwa nzeru". History ntchito chiwembu amadziwika yochepa kwambiri nzika anzathu. Chotero kodi limatero mu sewero lanthabwala wake Griboyedov? Mnyamata chiyambi wolemekezeka (Chatsky) atachokako kwa nthawi yaitali akadzafika mu Moscow kukumana ndi wokondedwa wake - Sofia. Komabe, iye amatenga kukuzizira kwambiri. Ali m'chikondi ndi mwamuna wina - Mlembi Molchalin. Chatsky amayesa kumasulira chifukwa cha mphwayi Sofia. Pofufuza yankho la funso lake kangapo anapita wokondedwa kunyumba ya bambo ake - nduna mkulu Famusov. Pano, iye anakumana ndi akuluakulu a Moscow anthu apamwamba, zomwe kutsatira maganizo ndiwofatsa. Kukhumudwa kuzizira Sofia Chatsky wayamba kutchula accusatory monologue. Iwo umapita kwenikweni ophunzira onse sewero lanthabwala. Zingapo achipongwe mawu aponyedwe Molchalin kuthetsa Sofia wakwiya kuti iye kufalitsa mphekesera zoti Chatsky adayaluka. Uthenga umenewu amakhala anthu. Kumapeto kwa sewero lanthabwala wa Sofia amaphunzira za kuuma Molchalin ndi Chatsky - mwala wa wokonda ake. Famusov akutsegula zoona zokhazokha za mwana wake chibwenzi mlembi. Iye itagwa nkhawa za mphekesera kuti mukhoza kupita mu mzinda. Sofia akuthamanga ndi Molchalin. Chatsky wosimidwa kusiya Moscow. Izi chiwembu cha sewero wotchuka.

kamangidwe

Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha "Tsoka kwa nzeru" kunayamba 1816. Zinali ndiye, malinga S. N. Begicheva, Griboyedov zachitika dongosolo akhakula sewero lanthabwala lapansi. Pochokera ulendo kunja, Alexander anapita ku phwando yolembedwa ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi mmene uta onse achilendo kwa Russia. Nthawi yomweyo anapereka diatribe moto kuposa anakhumudwitsa kukayikitsa misala. Kubwezera pafupi lolemera anthu, ndinaganiza kulemba sewero lanthabwala Griboyedov. Iye ankakonda pa zochitika zosangalatsa, mipira ndi soirees, pamene anasonkhanitsa mfundo ntchito yake.

Baibulo loyambirira

Ntchito pa sewero lanthabwala lemba mwina inayamba mu 1820s ndi. Tikutumikira ku Tiflis, Griboyedov analemba zidutswa ziwiri zinthu "Tsoka kwa nzeru". Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha ntchito lapitirizabe mu 1823, ku Moscow. wolemba anali patchuthi, kupezeka zochitika zosangalatsa ndi kupeza zidindo atsopano. Izi zinachititsa kuti akhale ena mwa zithunzi za Comedy, sadzachitanso zafotokozedwa Georgia. Iwo anali pa nthawi chinalengedwa ndi moto monologue Chatsky "Kodi oweruza?". M'chaka cha 1823 pa chuma cha S. Begichev zinatsirizidwa wachinayi ndi wachitatu amachita mankhwala. Komabe, wolemba sankaona sewero lanthabwala wonse.

kupitiriza

Kumapeto kwa 1823 ndi chiyambi cha 1824 kakusintha kusintha yaikulu kusewera "Tsoka kwa nzeru". Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha ntchito anapitiriza. Griboyedov zimasintha, osati mawu. Ndipo anasintha dzina la chikhalidwe waukulu kuchokera ku Chad, anayamba Chatsky. sewero lanthabwala A wotchedwa "Tsoka malingaliro" analandira komaliza dzina lake. M'chaka cha 1824 ku St. Petersburg, Griboyedov wakhala akugwira lochititsa chidwi restyling buku loyamba ntchito. Iwo mwina asintha kachitidwe koyamba (Chatsky monologue, kukambirana ndi Lisa Sofia loto la protagonist), ndipo anaika mu mbali yomaliza ya sewero lanthabwala zochitika pakati Molchalin mfundo komanso Sofia. Baibulo yomaliza ya sewero "Tsoka kwa nzeru" chinalembedwa mu chaka cha 1824. Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha ntchito pa ameneyu mapeto. Komabe, izi sizinachitike.

Maonekedwe a mndandanda

Mu sewero lanthabwala yomweyo anali ndi mavuto ndi bukulo. Kufufuza sanafune kuti muphonye ntchito manyazi kwambiri. Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha "Tsoka kwa nzeru" koma m'malo inabuka mwa anthu kuwerenga, anapitiriza. Kuyembekezera kufalitsa zolengedwa awo, Griboyedov analimbikitsa zikamera wa Baibulo dzanja olembedwa. The odalirika kwambiri a iwo otchedwa zhandrovsky mndandanda (wokwatibwa ndi A. Legendre), limene anakonza dzanja la Alexander Sergeyevich. Panalinso bulgarinsky - mwakhama kuti likonze kope pamanja wa sewerolo, anasiya wolemba mu 1828, VF Bulgarin. Tsamba pa mndandanda ndi lolembedwa Griboyedov a "Tsoka Bulgarin wanga kulangiza ..." Wolemba ankaganiza kuti otchuka ndi akhama mtolankhani adzatha kuti muthandize kufalitsa "Tsoka kwa nzeru". Mbiri ya sewero lanthabwala anapitiriza mu Pisarsky makope ntchito. Nthawi zina iwo anasintha malingana ndi makonda a anthu.

buku loyamba

M'chaka cha 1924 Griboyedov anayesa kusindikiza sewero lanthabwala wake. Komabe, zinali zovuta kuti mupeze chilolezo kufalitsa "Tsoka kwa nzeru". Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha sewerolo anapitiriza maofesi a dipatimenti kufufuza. Mu December 1924, ochokera mbali yachitatu ndi loyamba la sewero lanthabwala koma aona kuwala. Iwo anasindikizidwa pa masamba a anthology "Russian Talia." Komabe, lemba wakhala kwambiri yafupika ndi "anapembedza" ndi m'Chibama kwa akuluakulu a. Kwambiri m'nkhaniyi molimba mtima mawu m'malo ndi "chabwinobwino" ndi ndale. Choncho, odziwika bwino akuti, "Izo ziyenera kukhala wodalira pa ena" anakonzedwa kuti "Izo ziyenera kuti ena mwa malingaliro." Iwo amachotsedwa pa maumboni a malemba ntchito za "boma" ndipo "nkhope, mfumu." Komabe, ngakhale mu mawonekedwe sewero lanthabwala buku bombshell. Pushkin anakumbukira kuti sewerolo "Tsoka kwa nzeru" Griboyedov yomweyo mmodzi wa ndakatulo otchuka nthawi yake.

Tsoka zina za mankhwala

Pa moyo wa wolemba, osati buku zonse za sewerolo linasindikizidwa. Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha "Tsoka kwa nzeru" yatha, koma kufufuza chinalepheretsa kufala kwa sewero lanthabwala mwa owerenga. Only mu 1831 linatulutsidwa Baibulo wonse wa mankhwala. Inasindikizidwa mu German mu mzinda wa Revel. Mu 1833 ku Moscow ndi kufufuza ngongole zambiri sewero lanthabwala inafalitsidwa mu Russian. Only mu 1862, Baibulo ndi ntchito za mlembi inafalitsidwa mu Russia. Scientific buku sewero lanthabwala ikuchitika odziwika kafukufuku Piksanov NK mu 1913. "Tsoka kwa nzeru" linasindikizidwa mu buku lachiwiri la maphunziro zonse anasonkhana ntchito Aleksandra Sergeevicha Griboedova.

zisudzo ed

Mwapadera kufika ndi apakhungu anatembenuzira kusewera "Tsoka kwa nzeru". Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha ntchito ndi zovuta, koma osati zochepa chidwi ndi tsoka la zisudzo wake mu bwalo lamasewera. Kwa nthawi yaitali kufufuza sanaphonye izo. Mu 1825, kuyesa zinalephereka kupanga sewero ku St. Petersburg, pa siteji ya Theatre School wakhala kucitika. The kusewera "Tsoka kwa nzeru" anali ankachitika ku Erivan mu 1827. zisudzo ake ankachita masewera anachita - akapitawo a Caucasus Corps. A. S. Griboedov analipo pa ntchito. Mu 1831, ndi revisions ambiri ndi ngongole kufufuza sewero lanthabwala nyimbo pa siteji ya Moscow ndi St. Petersburg. Only mu 1860 yopanga "Tsoka kwa nzeru" kunachitika popanda malamulo.

Pomaliza

nkhani yaitali kwambiri za sewerolo "Tsoka kwa nzeru". Mbiri ya chilengedwe, chidule cha mankhwala sangapereke chithunzi thunzi chokwanira cha inde cha chilengedwe ichi. Griboyedov walenga kuposa kusewera ed. Iye analenga Ndondomeko kwenikweni, amene ananena maganizo ake osati kuti zina zimene zikuyenela masiku ano anthu ambiri, komanso za kupusa ndi nkhani nzeru, "normality" ndi misala. Amene, ngati si Aleksandru Sergeevichu, kudziwa mmene chisoni akhoza kubweretsa ukulu maganizo pa anthu ena. Iye analemba sewero lanthabwala limafotokoza nkhani ya kusungulumwa ndiponso kutaya mtima wa munthu apamwamba, kutsamwa ku kusadziwa ena. Mwanjira imeneyi, lili subtext movutika "Tsoka kwa nzeru". Mbiri ya chilengedwe ndi mu ntchito mankhwala mwapadera kuti akhale tcheru ndipo samalani kuphunzira.