Wolemba mndandanda - gulu la muyeso wa wolemba ntchito

Popeza anthu anayamba kulemba ntchito iyi amaona ngati ntchito. Zizigwiridwa, luso la cholembera ndi sonyezani.

Kodi ndi muyezo olembedwa

Anthu osema mizere pa mwala, ndiye nawonso anapita kwa mbale wapadera, yokutidwa ndi phula, ngakhale padaonekera pepala lomwe mfundo analembedwa ntchito inki ndi tsekwe nthenga. Kutulukira ndi njira yopangira mabuku analenga zinthu misa kugawanika ndi kachulukidwe ziyenera wakhala nkhani ya kufunika osati kwa olemba, komanso anthu opanga mankhwala makamaka atasenza chidziwitso cha anthu.

Panopa waukulu woyezera kusindikiza magazini a mphamvu ankaona kuti mndandanda mlembi. Osati atamva kuti mfundo za munthu amene akufalitsa mawu akuti akuti pang'ono. Pakuti mndandanda anthu ambiri - izo zangokhala pepala ndi malemba zimasindikizidwa ndi wina kapena mbali zonse. Ndipotu, mfundo ndi zinthu zambiri zovuta.

Nchifukwa chiyani amatchedwa?

Buku loyamba mu mbiri ya anthu lofalitsidwa mu Mu mtundu Patsamba. Pakuti masanjidwewo chinalengedwa, imene specularly anasonyeza malemba ndi zithunzi protrude ku ndege zikuluzikulu. Technology wolingana pafupifupi munthu ntchito kulenga zipsera, ndipo ndikupempha kuti kukwera mtengo kwa Mabaibulo oyambirira kusindikizidwa. Mawu a Patsamba kwenikweni anawamasulira ku Latin monga "tsamba", umene Ndipotu, panali typographical yaitali.

mu typescript

Mu zaka mazana makumi awiri olemba analenga ntchito zawo m'njira zikuluzikulu ziwiri. Kuwonjezera talente, m'maganizo, zinachitikira ndi mkulu makhalidwe abwino, iwo ankasowa cholembera kapena makina olembera. Choncho (kapena wolemba), chizolowezi nyimbo kapena kuchita zinthu zokondweretsa za chiwembu, izo sizinali pamaso aŵerenga m'nkhaniyi. Iye akanakhoza kulingalira koma kuti chiwerengero cha masamba. Mabizinezi zikugwira ntchito kufalitsa mwamsanga anakhazikitsa lokwanira, chimene kuchuluka kwa pepala la wolemba limafanana 22-23 masamba typewritten. Pambuyo kuti anakhala zimakhala zosavuta kuwerenga ndi kukula kwa ndalama, ndipo ndalama makope, zochokera kufalitsidwa. Lingaliro la tsamba komanso phunziro kwa standardization. Amakuona ngati anamaliza bwinobwino ngati lili 30 mizere (kuphatikiza kapena opanda wina). Pankhaniyi, aliyense wa iwo za m'ma 1860 makalata, zizindikiro kapena malo. Mtunda pakati pa mizere akhoza kukhala limodzi, limodzi ndi theka kapena iwiri, malingana ndi kusintha magawo ena kusindikiza monga chiwerengero cha anthu otchulidwa pa mzere, makulidwe kumunda ndi m. N. Mulimonsemo, kupeza wolemba pepala pafupi zikwi makumi anai nthawi anagunda mafungulo a makina olembera a. masamba 23 ayenera kukhala mulingo wa 29,7 × 21 cm, womwe ndi mtundu wa A4. Makina mmodzi ndiye amaganiza.

Mu amaika kompyuta

Writers posachedwapa m'mbuyomo zinali zovuta. Kusintha kutsogolera kuwononga, malemba anayenera tinalisindikizanso kangapo, ndipo kenako werengani kachiwiri, kupeza zolakwika, ndipo kachiwiri pa latsopano ... Chinthu china pompano. Yabwino lemba akonzi wotchuka pulogalamu nembanemba atsogolere ntchito ya olemba mosamala mungawafotokozere typos ndi zolakwa malembedwe, ndipo chilango chilichonse yafupika kuika pa cholozera kumalo anakhumba Komanso ndi njira m'malo kale anasankha. Si nthawi zonse chifukwa cha zogwiritsa ntchito ngati ndinu mkulu luso mtengo wa ntchito, koma patsogolo zimaoneka mu dongosolo luso. Yofalitsa kompyuta mwakathithi pepala ndi makumi zikwi zizindikiro ndi mudapholiwa zopumira ndi malo. Kutheka zowerengera buku la ntchito zina mwa ntchito za mapulogalamu onse lemba kalembedwe ndi kusintha. Kumene, ikonza lemba pansi chithunzi chonse ndi safunika okwanira pafupifupi machesi.

Pali china, pafupifupi mawerengedwe njira ntchito ndi olemba mabuku a masiku prose. Tangoonani katundu kwa bukuli. Mtundu DOS ndi pepala limodzi wolemba amatenga kukumbukira, wofanana 34 kilobytes.

The zithunzi mu mndandanda wolemba

Chirichonse chiri bwino, pamene izo zifika mudziwe mameseji. Koma mu moyo weniweniwo, zinthu kungavute kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ambiri mabuku, monographs ndi kafukufuku simungathe kulingalira popanda zithunzi, matebulo ndi zina likutipatsa zolimba za nkhani imene ikukambidwa. Zopeka angathe kumvetsa. Kodi kuwerengera m'mabuku wolemba mu nkhani iyi? vuto izi ndi zovuta, komanso ali ndi njira.

An nkhani abwino ankaona motere: 30 dm² a m'dera zimapanga munthu pepala mwakathithi. Childs, aliyense "chithunzi" ali okonzeka ndi mawu ofotokozera, voliyumu yake n'komwe ndi malamulo mwachizolowezi. Choncho, kuchuluka kwa mafano ndi masamu ndi chiŵerengero cha m'dera lawo voliyumu okwana.

amamasulira pepala Kodi

Translation - khama, ndipo amafuna kuti luso osati chinenero, komanso ena maluso a kulenga, ndi zina, ndi luso. Samuil Marshak, Pasternak ndi ndakatulo zina anali kupereka kwa Owerenga ntchito za Shakespeare ndi olemba ena zakunja asayambe kalembedwe, ndi subtleties onse a kalembedwe ndi nyengo amene analenga magwero pachiyambi. Osati aliyense, ndithudi, ndi wanzeru, koma kufunika Mabaibulo apamwamba nthawizonse wakhala ali, ndi kudzakhala. Iwo ananena kuti buku gwero ndi osiyana ndi kukula amalire zakuthupi Komabe, pomaliza mgwirizano pa ntchito yovuta, ofalitsa ntchito kuchulukitsa. Ndi yosavuta, kukula kwa zitetezo za pepala choyambirira kuchulukitsa ndi nambala inayake. Pakuti Chingelezi ndi koyefishienti ndi 1.2, ndi zovuta zambiri pomasulira Chihangare - 1.4. Kumene, ndi mawerengedwe komaliza wapangidwa zochokera kukula kwa zotsatira zake zomalizira, koma empirically anatsimikiza kuti tsamba limodzi Chipwitikizi lemba adzakhala limodzi mwa magawo asanu a buku wamkulu wa Russian.

rhyming mndandanda

Kuyambira kumbali zikuoneka kuti moyo N'chapafupi ndakatulo. pepala awo mwakathithi tichipeza mizere 700, kaya kutalika ndi chiwerengero cha anthu otchulidwa. Komabe, dongosolo kugoletsa yekha n'zomveka. Ngati funso ndi za malipiro a ndalama za (kuti masiku ano si kawirikawiri), ndiye kuti tikwaniritse kuzindikira ngati - vuto palokha zovuta, ndipo n'kosatheka kwambiri andakatulo kuchenjerera wofuna kupanga mizere wamfupi. M'buku ntchito chifukwa wolemba dongosolo lino, pa mwake, n'kopindulitsa wofalitsa, zolipiritsa ndi zochokera chiwerengero cha mapepala kukopera.

Zonse izi, ndi njira, amatanthauza prose olemba. Pangani ntchito luso, yomwe anakonda owerenga, n'kovuta kwambiri. olemba watsopano ayenera kuganizira pamaso kuwerenga chaulemu tsogolo lawo.