Kronotsky nyanja - ngale ya Kamchatka

Nyanja ya Kronotsky ndi malo aakulu kwambiri ku Kamchatka Territory, yodabwitsa komanso yopanda malire mpaka mapeto. Dzina lake latembenuzidwa kuchokera ku Itelmen monga "phiri". Yang'anirani chidwi cha asayansi anakopeka ndi malo okongola kwambiriwa ndi zochitika zakale: kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazi (1908) zolemba zoyambirira zomwe P. Yu Schmidt anawonekera. Ndi ulendowu, adapita kuzungulira nyanja kuchokera kumbali yakum'mawa ndi kumpoto, akulongosola za malo osangalatsa awa ndi kuwonjezerapo zojambula zojambula zazomwezo. Zomwe zinanenedwa kale zinachokera pazidziwitso zomwe analandira kuchokera kwa amwenye okhala m'madera awa - a Itelmen, popeza kutalikirana kwa nyanja ndi malo ovuta kumakhala ngati chotchinga chachikulu chotetezera kuwukira kulikonse. Mu 1920 kokha, wasayansi Malles R. adapita kukaona malowa, kujambula mapu ndi kufotokoza chinsinsi cha kubadwa kwa gombe.

Zizindikiro

Dera la nyanja ndilo 242 km², ndipo malowa ndi pafupifupi 2330 km². Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa mitsinje 10 ikuyenda mkati mwake: Northern, Unana, Uzon, Larch, ndi zina. Zimapanga njira, kutuluka m'ngalawamo, mtsinje wa Krodakyg (Kronotskaya), woopsa komanso wopulupudza, kuthana ndi zopinga zambiri. Ndi madzi ochititsa chidwi a 12.4 km³, nyanjayi ndi yachiwiri m'deralo. Kuya kwake kumakhala kochititsa chidwi: ngakhale kuti pafupifupi ndi mamita 58, malo ozama kwambiri amadziwika ndi zilembo zolimba - 136 mamita. Malingana ndi zonsezi, Nyanja ya Kronotsky ndi nyanja ya Russia yaikulu kwambiri ndi yaikulu kwambiri ku Russia. Tidzawonjezera kuti ili m'malo osangalatsa kwambiri, omwe Kamchatka ndi yodabwitsa kwambiri.

Madzi ndi chikhalidwe - chisanu ndi mvula. Nyanja imawombera mu December ndipo imatsegulidwa kumapeto kwa May. Malo ophimba ayezi m'madera ena amafika mamita wandiweyani. Madzi amasiyanasiyana pa nthawi zosiyana ndi matalikidwe a masitepe angapo. Gawo lakummawa la nyanja limakongoletsedwa ndi zilumba 11 zomwe zimakhala 25-50 mamita pamwamba pa galasi la madzi. Zonsezi zimakhala ndi mayina a asayansi komanso alendo oyenda bwino omwe analowa nawo ku Kamchatka ulendo wa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20: Komarova, Konradi, Baer, ndi ena.

Nyanja ya Kronotsky imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake a katatu, osadabwitsa kwa malo osungirako zachilengedwe. Imafotokozedwa ndi kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa beseni ndi mapiri a mapiri ndi mitsinje yamapiri yomwe ili ndi mapiri 16, omwe 12 amagwira ntchito.

Nyanja ya Kronotsky ili kuti?

Nyanja iyi, mosiyana ndi nyanja ina iliyonse, ili pamtunda wa Kamchatka zovuta zachilengedwe - Kronotsky Reserve, makilomita atatu kuchokera ku wotchuka Geyser Valley.

Kum'maŵa, 8 km kuchokera kunyanja kuli phiri la Kronotskaya Sopka, kuchokera kum'mwera - 10 km - chiphala cha Krasheninnikova. Kumaliza chithunzichi cha Phiri la Schmidt, lomwe lili kumpoto chakum'maŵa.

Kronotsky lake: chiyambi

Yopangidwa ndi madzi pafupifupi zaka zikwi khumi zapitazo. Ili m'mphepete mwa phirili, ndipo chifukwa chake poyamba ankakhulupirira kuti chiyambi chake ndi mapiri. Ndipotu, zatsimikiziridwa kuti kuonekera kwa nyanja kunayambika ndi kuphulika kwa mapiri, kotchedwa lero ndi mayina a asayansi Kronotsky ndi Krasheninnikov. Zinachititsa kuti mtsinjewu ukhale wochuluka kwambiri ndi mtsinje waukulu wakale. Zotsatira za masautsowa anali dziwe la mapiri pamtunda wa mamita 372 pamwamba pa nyanja, yomwe ili m'madera okongola kwambiri padziko lapansi - pansi pa phiri la Kronotskaya Sopka.

Zida

Nyanja ili yosangalatsanso osati chiyambi chabe, komanso kuwonetsetsa zachilengedwe zosiyana siyana m'malire ake.

Kutuluka kwa madzi kumadutsa mumtsinje, njira yomwe ili pamwamba pamtunda wa makilomita 12 imakhala yodzaza ndi nyonga zazikulu zomwe zimalepheretsa nsomba kulowa m'nyanja. Zotsatira zake, chifukwa cha kudzipatula kwa nthawi yayitali, mtundu wapadera wa nsomba zam'madzi (kokan) ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya gulu lachilombolo inakhazikitsidwa m'sungiramo. Momwemonso mtundu wa mapangidwe a zamoyo ndi chinthu chophunzirira akatswiri a sayansi. Komabe, pa gwero la mtsinje chaka chilichonse mtsinje wambiri ndi kudutsa mulma ukukwera kuti uzuke, ndipo maulendo angapo osawerengeka a saluni ya coho amapezeka.

Flora ndi nyama

Pafupi ndi Nyanja ya Kronotsky, si aliyense amene akudziwa. Zilumbazi zimakhala ndi madera a m'nyanja za Pacific. Poganizira mtunda wokwanira kuchokera ku gombe la nyanja (30-45 km), zisa zoterozo ndizosazolowereka. Amanena kuti zimbalangondo zimasambira ku zilumba kuti zikadye mazira a m'nyanja.

Kronotsky Lake, pokhala pakati pa chilengedwe chozungulira, ili ndi chilengedwe chodabwitsa. Pali mitundu yambiri yamtengo wapatali komanso mitundu yamtengo wapatali. Mwachitsanzo, apa pokhapokha palikukula Kamchatka larch ndi Ayan fir akukumana .

M'mphepete mwa nyanjayi - zisa za mbalame zosawerengeka (osprey, mphungu ya Steller), ndi mapiri oyandikana nawo adakhala nyumba kuti aziwombera ziphuphu, gyrfalcon ndi mphungu za golidi.

Koma chizindikiro cha malo okongola awa ndi swans. M'nyengo ya chilimwe amakhala pafupifupi osaoneka, popeza muli malo ochepa m'nyanja yamchere omwe amatha kukhala ndi nyere. Ndipo kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira, njira yodabwitsa ya mbalamezi zodabwitsa zimayamba.

Ichi ndi ichi, nyanja yosadziwika ya Kronotsky - malo amatsenga ku Kamchatka Peninsula.