Kuchinga Kodi nanga zotsatira zake?

Kuchinga historiography ndi ndondomeko chiwonongeko cha m'dera ulimi ba Europe. Nthawi zambiri mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponena kuti England masiku ano.

Kulima mu XVI m'ma England

Kuti timvetsetse zimene kuchinga, muyenera kubwerera kwa Tudor nyengo. Panthawi imeneyi makampani nsalu kutukuka kwambiri mu England. The mitengo ubweya, amene nawonso, Ufumuyo kufunika kwambiri chuma kwa ziweto, makamaka chidwi kwambiri linaperekedwa kwa msipu kwa odyetserako. Mozungulira gwero izi anatembenuka kulimbana kwambiri.

Olemera nzika ambuye anayamba kugula msipu wamba osauka. madambwe amenewa anali lendi kwa alimi. Single munda sanali kumusamalira. Ambiri a dziko English anawagawira mwa otchuka, mpingo ndi boma.

freeholder

Ndiyeno alimiwo British zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri. The choyamba - freeholders, kapena otchedwa eni masitolo amamangitsa ufulu. Iwo sanadziwe zimene kuchinga. ubwenzi wawo ndi ambuye zinali motere. Anthu a m'mudzimo wakali lendi yaing'ono dziko awo ndipo akanakhoza kutaya iwo monga mmene angafunire. gulu anakhala mu zikhalidwe omasuka kwambiri kwa zigawo ndiye ulimi. Pa nthawi yomweyo panali Freeholders pang'ono kwambiri. Iwo anali gawo laling'ono kwambiri za ulimi anthu England.

namlambira

yosiyana zinalili mu wachiwiri wamba strata. ploughmen amenewa amatchedwa namlambira. kalasi unakhazikitsidwa m'zaka XIV, pambuyo serfdom linathetsedwa mu England. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo motsatira ndondomeko ya mpanda.

Namlambira anali ndi malo awo okha ufulu ai. Ichi chimatanthauza kuti wamba anali kukambirana ndi Ambuye zinthu lessor ya cholowa chake kwa anthu ena m'tsogolo. N'chimodzimodzinso wotuluka iliyonse dziko. Ndipotu wamba awa (ndipo adali ambiri) anakhala amadalira Ambuye. Komanso, aliyense chomangira lendi analipira wake lendi dziko ndalama.

Popeza ubweya mu dziko panauka mu mtengo, akalonga anayamba massively kuonjezera mitengo yobwereka. Zimenezi zathandizira kuti umphawi Unyinji wa Amaya. Kuti ali ndi ngongole ndi zinatha. Dongosolo mwambo wa co-kuli m'mudzi posakhalitsa wosweka. Izo zinachitika m'zaka XVI.

The impoverishment a wamba ndi

Monga malipiro kwa ngongole kwa alimi anasankha ziwembu zawo. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha ndondomeko ya kukonzanso capitalist m'mudzi. m'madera Expropriated ndi wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba ku eni yapita (izo choncho dzina takambirana zinthu zosiyana).

Nthawi zambiri, mlimi wopanda ngakhale kuti dziko lonse limene anali nalo kale. Anthu oterewa ganyu mu ambuye chomwecho. kuchinga ambiri a iwo ndi chiyani? Izi ndondomeko ya impoverishment. zodabwitsazi ali ndi otchuka akuti, lofanana ndi "pauperization". anthu osauka anakhala opemphapempha ndi kupemphapempha. Izi ndi zotsatira za m'makola mwawo.

Komanso, mnjira anali kulimbikitsa ndi English Reformation zinachitika. mphamvu Royal zinali zosemphana ndi Papa. Henry VIII linalengeza kuti tsopano ndi dziko lake lidzakhala ntchito tchalitchi yake. Pa nthawi yomweyo panali katundu wa mayiko wachokera ku mchitidwe umenewu ndi mabungwe a zipembedzo zina. Holdings ankadutsa boma. Iwo ankakhala wamba ambiri. Ambiri a iwo opanda dziko - apa nawonso wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba. Nkhondo kugwirizana ndi njira izi zinachititsa kuti ambiri wamba zolakwa m'dziko lonselo.

chitukuko Economic pambuyo bwalo lamkati

Anthu a zigawo kumpoto amakhala ndi makamaka umphawi. Dera limeneli malire ali ndi zomangamanga underdeveloped. alimi ambiri anapita kukatumikira ku asilikali mmalo mwa malipiro mwachizolowezi a msonkho dziko. Kusintha capitalist ndi kuchinga anafika dera mu kukhota lomaliza. Pamene panayambira a pasukuluyi wakhala Central ndi South East England. Apa mkangano mabwana ndi anthu wamba chimaonekera.

Mu chakumadzulo kwa chikhalidwe njira dziko limodzi la moyo nthawi yaitali. Panali fakitale mapeyala, ambiri msipu. Kopigoldnye chuma m'madera amenewa anali wolimba poyerekeza ndi madera ena a dziko.

Kodi zotsatira zake kwa anthu wamba anali kuchinga kumadzulo? Apa iwo ali pafupifupi wosaoneka. The Ambuye ndayesera kuonjezera Mabuku awo mwa kuukitsa mtengo wa lendi. Njira imeneyi yakhala mobisa osati monga mogwira mtima expropriation mwachindunji.

kuchinga ndi chiyani? Ndi mphamvu ya chitukuko cha mafakitale zikuluzikulu. m'dera limeneli la zachuma ku England wochepa olemera kuposa mayiko ena olemera. Mwachitsanzo, mu Netherlands chiwerengero cha mafakitale, mphero ndi minda ina nzeru anali lalikulu poyerekeza ndi chilumba wapafupi. Pamene nzika lalikulu la England anapeza likulu chachikulu likuvutika kuchinga, ndalama zawo anapita chitukuko cha mafakitale. Chifukwa cha kusiyana pakati England ndi Holland m'zaka XVIII wakhala kuthana.