Franciscans ndi mbiri yake

Francis Order anali mmodzi wa otchuka ndi amphamvu mu mbiri ya mpingo. otsatira ake ulipo mpaka lero. The Order unatchedwa tate wake - St. Francis. The Franciscans unachita yaikulu mu mbiri ya dziko lapansi, makamaka pa Ages Middle.

Cholinga kulenga malamulo achipembedzo

Zikamera malamulo achipembedzo chifukwa kufunika zikamera wa ansembe amene Sakadachita anakhudzidwa zokhudza chipembedzo ndipo anatha kusonyeza chiyero cha chikhulupiriro ndi chitsanzo. Mpingo chiphunzitso atha kuthana chisokonezo mu mawonekedwe ake onse. kuti Choyamba kuyenerera cholinga, koma pang'onopang'ono, kwa zaka zambiri, zinthu zinayamba kusintha. Koma zinthu oyamba.

Order Background

St. Francis wa ku Assisi - woyang'anira wa Italy. Mu dziko anamutcha dzina lakuti Giovanni Bernardone. St. Francis wa ku Assisi - woyambitsa wa Francis Order. Giovanni Bernardone anabadwa padziko 1181 mu nthawi ya zaka 1182. More enieni tsiku maonekedwe a anabadwa silidziwika. Francis poyamba munthu madona, koma pambuyo zingapo pa moyo wake wasintha kwambiri.

Iye anakhala wopembedza kwambiri, kuthandiza osauka, kusamalira odwala leprosarium ndi wokhutira zovala zoipa, kupereka zinthu zabwino kwa osauka. Pang'onopang'ono anasonkhana Francis bwalo la otsatira. Mu nthawi kuchokera 1207 pa 1208 gg. Giovanni Bernardone anakhazikitsidwa Minorite Ubale. Pa maziko ake, ndiye kunabwera Franciscans.

Pangani Order

Minorite Abale analipo mpaka 1209 anali ndi gulu latsopano kwa mpingo. Minorites anayesa kutsanzira Khristu ndi atumwi, kubereka moyo wawo. ubale wa hayala linalembedwa. Mu April 1209 izo anatilola m'kamwa kwa Papa St. Innocent III, ale ambatambira ntchito za mdera. Chifukwa, maziko boma cha Francis Order anali atathana definitively. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, tinayamba kubwezeretsanso m'gulu la Minorite akazi, umene ndi fraternity chachiwiri anakhazikitsidwa.

Chachitatu Order ya Franciscans unakhazikitsidwa mu 1212 Iye ankatchedwa "kuti lachitatu abale." mamembala ake anali Kutsatila hayala wa wokonda moyo wodzimana, koma sanathe nthawi yomweyo kuti adzakhale pakati pa anthu wamba ndi ngakhale banja. Kumene kumakhala Amonke zovala anali ankavala kuti chachitatu pa pempho.

A mawu olembedwa a kukhalako kwa Order unachitikira mu 1223 ndi Papa Honorius lachitatu. Pa nthawi ya kukondweretsa Abale Woyera Innocent III amuna onse khumi anaima pamaso pake. Pamene kulankhulana anafa. Francis, ammudzi owerengedwa pafupifupi 10,000 otsatira. Iwo anakhala zambiri chaka chilichonse.

Itanitsani hayala kulankhulana. Frances

Franciscans hayala, wobvomerezedwayo mwa 1223, unagawidwa mitu seveni. Woyamba amafuna kusunga Uthenga, kumvera ndi chiyero. Lachiwiri anafotokoza zinthu zimene ziyenera kukhutiritsidwa afuna kuloŵa Order. Pakuti novices latsopanoli anagulitsa katundu ndi kupereka zonse kwa osauka. Pambuyo chaka chino kupita ku mwinjiro, belted ndi chingwe. zovala wotsatira analoledwa kuvala okha wakale ndi yosavuta. Nsapato zakutha pokhapokha ngati kuli koyenera.

MUTU WACHITATU kuwerenga za kusala ndi mmene angagwirire chikhulupiriro mu dziko. Kusanache Franciscans kuwerenga "Atate wathu" nthawi 24, pambuyo maola angapo - 5. wa maola anayi tsiku - ngakhale nthawi 7 madzulo - 12 usiku - 7. positi Choyamba anati kwa chikondwerero cha Tsiku la Oyera Mtima Khirisimasi . Zinali kuvomerezedwa 40-day kudya, ndi ena ambiri. Hayala zoletsedwa chiweruzo, mikangano ndi ndewu chabe. The Franciscans anali kukhala odzichepetsa, kumvera, mtendere, kudzichepetsa, ndi makhalidwe ena abwino, si angasokoneze ulemu ndi ufulu wa ena.

The amachita chachinayi mutu ndi ndalama. Mamembala a Order analetsedwa kuti atenge ndalama nokha kapena ena. The amachita chachisanu mutu ntchito. mamembala onse abwino fraternity akanakhoza ntchito, koma nkhani ndi kuchuluka kwa pemphero ndi nthawi bwino kwa izi utoto. Ntchito m'malo mwa ndalama mamembala a Order akhoza kumwedwa yekha zimene zinali zofunika zofuna zawo kapena fraternal. Ndipo kutenga udachita alonjeza kuti modzichepetsa ndi moyamikira, ngakhale zedi ochepa.

Chaputala chachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi kuwerenga monga oletsa kuba ndi malamulo zachifundo deta. mamembala kuti anali opanda manyazi kulandira sadaka, kuthandiza anthu ena fraternity, makamaka odwala.

Chaputala chachisanu ndi chiwiri akufotokoza zilango zimene ntchito kwa anthu amene achimwa. Pa anadalira chirango.

Mu mutu wachisanu ndi chitatu limafotokoza abale kutenga ulamuliro, amene kunali koyenera kuti akonze polimbana ndi mavuto aakulu. Order wa nduna komanso kumvera unquestioningly. Limafotokoza ndondomeko ya motsatizana pambuyo pa imfa ya m'bale achikulire kapena wake kukonzanso chisankho pa zifukwa zomveka.

Mu chaputala chachisanu ndi chinayi anafotokoza chiletso yolalikira m'dera la Bishop (popanda chilolezo chake). Izo zinali zoletsedwa kutero popanda Kupenda isanafike, amene anapereka dongosolo. Kulalikira mamembala fraternity anali kukhala mosavuta kumva ndi woganiza. Mawu - Mwachidule, koma ndi matanthauzo akuya za makhalidwe oipa ndiponso makhalidwe abwino a ulemerero ndi quads.

Mu mutu wakhumi limafotokoza mmene kukonza ndi kuwadandaulira abale, linaphwanya hayala. Fotokozani ansembe aakulu tiyenera kukhala fluctuation pang'ono m'chikhulupiriro, ndi chikumbumtima, ndi zina zotero. E. Abale analimbikitsa kuchenjera kunyada, zachabechabe, nsanje, ndi zina zotero. D. Anthu a Order sangakhoze kuphunzitsidwa kuwerenga ndi kulemba, ndipo analembedwa ntchito kusonyeza komanso kukonda adani athu ndi kupempherera amene kukhumudwitsa ena.

A mutu osiyana (khumi) anali za nunneries ulendo. Iwo inaletsedwa popanda chilolezo chapadera. The Franciscans sankaloledwa kukhala godfathers. Last, akhumi mutu kuwerenga chilolezo, amene ayenera kulandira Order abale kuyesa kutembenuza chikhulupiriro cha Akhristu a Saracens ndi osakhulupirira.

Kumapeto kwa hayala payokha Chonde dziwani kuti kufufuta kapena kusintha malamulo ndikoletsedwa.

Franciscans zovala

Zovala Franciscans anayamba ndi St. Francis. Malinga ndi nthano ina, iye mwadala anasinthanitsa zovala osauka. Francis anatenga zovala zake nondescript ndi kusiya lamba wa pamimba belted ndi chingwe yosavuta. Kuyambira pamenepo, zonse mmonke wa Francis Order anayamba kuvala njira yomweyo.

Mayina a Franciscans

Mu England iwo anali kutchedwa "Abale imvi", mtundu wa madiresi wa. Mu France, mamembala a Order ankatchedwa "Cordeliers" chifukwa encircling chingwe yosavuta. Mu Germany, ndi Franciscans ankatchedwa "nsapato" zikomo nsapato amene amavala pa mapazi adachitira umboni. Mu Italy, otsatira a Francis anawatcha kuti "abale."

Dongosolo la chitukuko la Francis

Franciscans, amene oimira ndi chithunzi m'nkhani, pambuyo pa imfa ya woyambitsa, choyamba zinachititsa John Parenti, ndiye General Iliya Kortonsky, wophunzira wa St. Francis. kugwirizana ndi moyandikana ndi mphunzitsi pa moyo wake zinathandiza udindo wa fraternity lapansi. Eliya analengedwa dongosolo bwino kulamulira, gulu la Order m'zigawozigawo. sukulu Francis anatseguka, kufalitsidwa pomanga makachisi ndi mchitidwe umenewu.

Iwo anayamba kumanga olemekezeka Gothic tchalitchi ku Assisi, polemekeza St. Francis. Ulamuliro wa Eliya analimbitsa chaka chilichonse. Yomanga ndiponso ntchito zina chofunika ndalama zambiri. Chifukwa cha zopereka akuzigawo anali kuchuluka. Iwo anayamba kukana kwawo. Zimenezi zinachititsa chakuti Eliya inachotsedwa pa utsogoleri wa Ubale mu 1239

Pang'onopang'ono Franciscans m'malo kuyendayenda anayamba masanjidwe, kuthetsedwa. Ndi pa moyo wa St. Sizabwino. Francis, ndipo osati anakana fraternity chapter, koma 1220 onse unachoka utsogoleri wa m'deralo. Koma ngati St. Francis anapanga lonjezo kumvera, sankatitsutsa kusintha kumachitika mu dongosolo. St. Francis potsiriza unachoka Abale utsogoleri pambuyo ulendo ku East.

Order Sinthani sisitere kapangidwe

Mu ulamuliro Cortona akupempha Franciscans anayamba delimitated izikhala zofunikira ziwiri zimene cholowa kulankhulana. Francis ndi ubale wake ndi kusunga malamulo oyendetsera dziko ndi osauka matanthauzo osiyana. Ena mwa anthu a fraternity ndi ndayesera kuti adzatsatira malamulo a anayambitsa dongosolo la, omwe ali pa umphawi ndi kudzichepetsa. Ena anayamba kumasulira hayala njira zawo.

Mu 1517, Papa Leo chakhumi mwalamulo kuzindikiridwa magulu awiri osiyana mu Order ya Franciscans. malangizo onse linalandira ufulu. Gulu loyamba ankatchedwa Observants ie Minimes abale amene kutsatira malamulo onse a St. Francis. Gulu lachiwiri dzina lake konventualami. Iwo penapake mosiyana anamasulira Malamulo a Dongosolo. Mu 1525 abale a Franciscans anapanga nthambi yatsopano - Capuchins. Iwo anakhala zilakolako zisinthe mwa Minorites ndi Observants. Mu 1528 Clement chachisanu nthambi yatsopano chimatengedwa ngati chiyanjano osiyana. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX. Observants magulu onse ophatikizidwa mu, amene anatchedwa dongosolo la Friars Minor. Papa Leo ndi chitatu anapereka dzina la fraternity "Leonianskaya wamphumphu."

Mpingo ntchito kulankhulana ulaliki. Francis pa zofuna zawo. Chifukwa, Abale anathandiza zigawo zosiyanasiyana za anthu. Kunapezeka kuti dongosolo latsala m'njira yoyenera ya mpingo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, poyamba zochokera gulu anakhala kuti kumene kumakhala Amonke. Franciscans Ife anapeza ufulu kwa kusaka za ampatuko. M'munda ndale, iwo anayamba kumenyana ndi adani a mapapa.

The Dominicans ndi Franciscans: Education

Franciscans ndi Dominicans ankachitira mendicant. Yachokera fraternity anali pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo. Koma zolinga ndi osiyana pang'ono. Ntchito yaikulu ya Order Republic anali kuphunzira kwambiri za zamulungu. Cholinga - maphunziro a alaliki woyenera. Ntchito yachiwiri - polimbana mpatuko, kuchitira mu dziko choonadi cha Mulungu.

Mu 1256 ndi Franciscans zinapatsidwa kuphunzitsa ku mayunivesite. Chifukwa cha dongosolo la dongosolo lonse la maphunziro unakhazikitsidwa bogoslovnogo. Izi wafunsira anzeru ambiri mu Ages Middle ndi Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Pa masiku ano itakula amishonale ndi kafukufuku. Franciscans ambiri anayamba kugwira ntchito mu malo a Spain ndi East.

Chimodzi mwa mayendedwe a nzeru Francis anali zokhudzana ndi sayansi ndi enieni. Ndipo ngakhale Pamlingo kuposa ndi zamulungu ndi matafizikoy. The malangizo latsopano ankayimiridwa ndi University ya Oxford. Katswiriyu loyamba la Franciscans anali Robert Grosseteste. Kenako, iye anakhala bishopu.

Robert Grosseteste anali wophunzira wolemekezeka nthawi. Iye anakhala mmodzi wa oyamba amene anafotokoza kufunika kwa ntchito masamu mu kuphunzira chikhalidwe. The pulofesa wotchuka wabweretsa ganizo la chilengedwe cha kuwala dziko.

Francis Order mu zaka XVIII-XIX

M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu Franciscans anali za 1700 mchitidwe umenewu ndi pafupi twente-faifi zikwi Chimonko. Ubale (ndipo timafanana naye) kunatha m'mayiko ambiri ku Ulaya m'zaka Wamkulu ndi bourgeois kusintha kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Pakutha Order lake lidabwerera monga limzake ku Spain kenako mu Italy. Mwachitsanzo awo Pambuyo France, ndipo kenako ku mayiko ena.

Kaperekedwe Francis Order mpaka 1220

Kuti ali kumvera malamulo onse a hayala mpaka 1220 Nthawi imeneyi, otsatira a Francis, anavala malaya bulauni mapeyala ndipo muvale zingwe yosavuta, nsapato kumapazi ace anapita kukalalikira padziko lonse.

Abale anayesetsa osati kufalitsa mfundo za Chikhristu, koma kusunga iwo, kuzitsatira. Kulalikira akupempha Franciscans okha mkate stale kwambiri, akulankhula za kudzichepetsa, mongotsatira malamulo ake anamvera nkhanza, ndi zina zotero. D. Guulu la Order yokha anatumikira chitsanzo omveka Posunga malamulo, iwo anali motentheka achitadi wachikhristu.

Franciscans masiku ano

Franciscans lero alipo m'mizinda yambiri Russian ndi European. Ukugwira ubusa, kufalitsa ndi ntchito zachifundo. The Franciscans kusukulu, kupita kundende ndipo m'nyumba zosungira.

Mu nthawi yathu, kwa ansembe ndi abale a Order amapereka kwa msonkhano wapadera wa maphunziro kumene kumakhala Amonke. Choyamba, ofuna kukumana ndi maphunziro auzimu ndi sayansi. Amakhala ndi magawo angapo:

1. Gawo loyamba - zopanda. Ichi ndi chimodzi mayeso chaka chimene pali kufanana kwa onse ndi Order. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, ofuna moyo mu dera kumene kumakhala Amonke.
2. Gawo lachiwiri - ndi novitiate. Iyi ndi nthawi ya chaka chimodzi, pamene pali oyamba a phungu a moyo wachipembedzo. Kukonzekera malonjezo zosakhalitsa.
3. Mbali yachitatu kumatenga zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Nthawi imeneyi ofuna maphunzirowa mu nzeru ndi zamulungu. Enanso ndi kukonzekera chauzimu tsiku lililonse. M'chaka chachisanu cha phunziro zimaperekedwa malonjezo wosatha, pa chimodzi - Kudzozedwa.

Nthambi ya Order masiku ano

Poyamba, panali okha oyambirira Francis Order amayi, amuna okha. Ubale umenewu lagawidwa lero mu nthambi zitatu:

1. Abale (mu 2010 apo ndiwo anawerengedwa pafupifupi 15,000 Chimonko).
2. Konventual'nykh (4231 mmonke Franciscans).
3. Mmishonale (chiwerengero cha anthu mu nthambi izi - pafupifupi 11 zikwi).

Kutsiliza pa ntchito ya Francis Order

Franciscans kumeneko kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Pa nthawi yovuta imeneyi ndi yaitali ubale anapanga zopereka kwambiri osati chitukuko cha mpingo, komanso kuti chikhalidwe dziko. Kulingalira Order mbali bwino ndi kuchita zinthu zolimba. Order pamodzi ndi nthambi okwana pafupifupi 30,000 Chimonko ndi zikwi kuti ayike atatu amene amakhala ku Germany, Italy, USA ndi m'mayiko ena ambiri.

Chimonko Francis kuyambira pachiyambi anafuna moyo wosasangalala. Pa alipo Order iwo aona kupatukana ndi pansi m'madera payekha. Ambiri anali malamulo kunadetsa kwambiri. M'zaka za m'ma XIX panali azimuth iwowo. Atabalalika m'dera anayamba coalesce. Zimenezi zathandizira kuti ambiri Papa Leo ndi Chachitatu. Iye ndiye anali ogwirizana magulu onse chimodzi - dongosolo la Friars Minor.