Nkhondo ya Stalingrad. Gulu nkhondo: mndandanda wa mbiri ndi chidwi mfundo

Atagonjetsedwa la asilikali Nazi pafupi kanthu Moscow ndi njira ndi anasamutsidwa kwathunthu kwa Red Army. Komabe, mu 1942, pokonzekera chigonjetso mofulumira, Union High Lamulo anapereka malangizo pa nagonjetsa pa amadzibisa onse. Popanda kukonzekera bwino ndi kubwezeretsa nkhokwe zawachititsa kuti chiwerengero cha kulephera lalikulu la Soviet Union kumayambiriro kwa 1942. Ubwino asilikali watayika. mbali ankakonza kwa nkhondo latsopano. Mmodzi wa nkhondo zoopsa anali Nkhondo ya Stalingrad. Gulu nkhondo, uko anaitcha "helo padziko lapansi".

Kufunika njira ya Stalingrad

Ambiri mwaufulu Western mbiri yakale owona za chitetezo cha mzindawo. Iwo anakhulupirira kuti podziteteza amagwirizana ndi dzina la mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Soviet Union ndipo anali zokhumba za olamulira awiri, mmodzi wa iwo ankafuna kulanda mzinda umene lili ndi dzina la mtsogoleri wa mdani, ndipo yotsirizira anapatsa mphamvu zonse kuteteza izo. Koma Nkhondo ya Stalingrad, kukumbukira gulu nazonso anatsutsa zimenezi zinali zofunika kwambiri njira. nkhaniyo ndi chakuti mphamvu za asilikali ankhondo a Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World sanali ndi udindo popanda nkhokwe minda mafuta. Dziko yekha kuti Hitler anali Romania. Koma zinthu zake ali bwino sikokwanira. Germany amayesa kuti akagwire Egypt ndi mafuta kulemera Middle East. Army Gulu "Africa", umene lotsogoledwa ndi lodziwika bwino Rommel analengedwa kwa cholinga ichi. chiwerengero cha izo zinali, ndithudi, kakang'ono, koma mofanana ndi magulu a asilikali a ku Britain amene sanalole a ku Germany m'madera awo. Akatswiriwa Italy, mwamwayi kwa dziko lathu ndi mbiri ya mafuta mu Libya sanapezeke. Mwina nkhani akanakhala sewero osiyana, koma, monga ife tikudziwira, alibe maganizo subjunctive. Choncho yekha olondola kusankha lamulo German anali kusiya Moscow ndi adani a Stalingrad wotsegulira njira kwa Caucasus ndi madera ake wolemera mafuta. Komanso, alipo zofunika zoyendera mtsempha wamagazi kwa Soviet Union. Mu Siberia, pa nthawi ino mafuta silinakwaniritsidwe yotengedwa, kotero imfa ya Caucasus kwathunthu disarmed asilikali athu. Choncho panali munthu nkhondo yamagazi kwambiri mu mbiriyakale anthu - Nkhondo ya Stalingrad. Gulu la nkhondo ndi bwino kufunika ponyamukira. Choncho, kudzimana ndi ungwazi asilikali Soviet.

Madzulo a nkhondo

Kukhala ndi ndondomeko ya Nkhondo m'chilimwe ndi yophukira cha 1942, Wamkulukulu Likulu ndi State Committee silikhali sanali ogwirizana. Polimbana Shaposhnikov anaumirira tcheru njira kudutsa pa ena zigawo zina za kutsogolo kwa tingalimbanirane. nkhokwe Ofunika ayenera anaikira mu malangizo chapakati moti zikhoza reconnected m'dera Napempha kwa kutsogolo kudzera zopezera njanji. Dongosolo ili inachokera pa chapamwamba mwa mayendedwe a USSR. Njanji maukonde ku dera onse olamulidwa ndi dziko la Germany kaŵirikaŵiri ndi zonyoza zimayenda. Sizikanatheka kusintha lakuthwa mu malangizo amene amadza njira. Komanso, asilikali Nazi analibe kutsogolo chachiwiri ndi angasankhe kuganizira kum'mawa nkhokwe zonse zilipo.

Ngoziyo mu 1942

Polimbana S. K. Timoshenko anatchula kufunika kwa preemptive kuponya South-Western ndi amadzibisa Kumwera. Pamsonkhano wina ndi Stalin, anaganiza kuti aukire m'dera kum'mwera kwa Kharkov ndi Crimea.

Koma kuukira Soviet analephera Komanso German 11 Army mu May linakhazikitsa counteroffensive pa Kerch malangizo kwenikweni wosweka Crimea kutsogolo. Asilikali otsala anasamutsidwa kuchoka pachilumbachi. Izo sizinali bwino ndi kuukira mu dera Kharkov. Awiri kutsogolo yaikulu mapeto a May anali atazunguliridwa ndi pa latsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa kwathunthu. ndege German kwathunthu chogwidwa mpweya. Zimene zikuchitika ku dziko sakuyenda kwambiri.

Cholinga chachikulu - Caucasus

Zinali zoonekeratu kuti asilikali Wehrmacht adzamanga pa bwino ndipo anagumula ku Caucasus mafuta kudzera Stalingrad. Iwo linaperekedwa lamulo nambala 41, zimene zikusonyeza kufunika chowasiyanitsa ku Soviet Union ambiri m'madera a zachuma ulimi mu Ukraine ndi zigawo mafuta Caucasus.

Mu June, magulu otsala ziŵiri anayamba abwerere pofuna kupewa zinthu zimene zingasokoneze chilengedwe ndi chiwonongeko. Tsopano mbali zonse anali kukonzekera nkhondo zikuluzikulu mu Caucasus ndi Stalingrad. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Supreme uliwonse anapereka mndandanda wa malamulo amene osokoneza kwambiri ndipo akambirana azambiriyakale ambiri. Order № 227 "Osati wina sitepe kumbuyo" ndi lamulo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa battalions chilango. Mu chilungamo tisaiwale kuti yotsirizira kale mu dziko la Germany, ndipo anachita bwino nkhondo. Kotero lingaliro la kulenga limabweretsa Stalin, monga zinanenedwa ndi azambiriyakale ambiri Western.

zolakwa mwatsatanetsatane

utsogoleri German, kusangalala bwino kum'mwera, anapanga miscalculation njira. Waukulu chidwi mphamvu Nazi anaponya Caucasus ndi Stalingrad anali allocated chimodzi chokha 6 asilikali a General Von Paulo. Komanso anawo anali ayipanga mantha thanki Brigade komanso m'ng'anjo Caucasus. The Germany sanayembekezere kuona pambuyo nkhondo bwino ili m'dera kukana Russian. Koma mawerengedwe a Verkhovna limaitana - kuganizira nkhokwe ndithu moti anali mwamsanga kusamutsa malangizo wolakalakika - chothetsera. Nkhondo ya Stalingrad anayamba. Ophunzira nkhondo sizikakutherani Tinakumbukira kuti mapeto a moyo wake. Tiyeni tikumbukire ndife.

Ophunzira za Nkhondo ya Stalingrad. mndandanda wa anthu otchulidwa

Popeza mwamphamvu ndi nthawi ya ntchito usilikali, makamu angapo nawo mmenemo, thanki ndi kugawikana mpweya. Ndithudi, ife sadzatha enumerate mu nkhani yochepa anthu amene anaona ndi maso awo zinthu zochititsa chidwi zoopsa imatchedwa nkhondo ya Stalingrad. Gulu nkhondo sizidzaiwalika mu chikumbukiro mibadwo. Tikuimira ochepa ngwazi wagwa wa chopukusira ndi. Tidzakhala osangalala ngati aliyense wa ana adzaona achibale awo otchuka:

Agarkov Paulo Dem'yanovich;

Vorobev Mihail Dmitrievich;

Kolesnichenko Andrey Aleksandrovich;

Smyslov Aleksey Maksimovich.

Awa ndi ophunzira ena Nkhondo ya Stalingrad, wakufa kapena wamoyo nthawi zonse adzakhala otchuka pa dziko lathu.

"M'zinthu Volga palibe dziko lathu"

August 23, 1942 ku Germany mwaukali anaponya mabomba mumzinda. Iwo adammenya mfuti onse. A mafakitale pakati wamphamvu mabwinja. Dvuhsotdnevnaya anayamba chitetezo cha mzindawo. The Germany anazindikira miscalculation wake ndipo anaponya reinforcements Paulo mphamvu zonse latsopano. Koma izo zinali mochedwa. atsogoleri Soviet ndi asilikali wamba analumbira kuti chirichonse chinali kuteteza mzindawo. Kupambana nkhondo amatanthauza kugonjetsa dziko lonse la Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Inde, mapeto iwo adakali nthawi yambiri, anafa, kupambana kwakukulu ndi akugonjetsa zosasangalatsa. Koma kugonjetsedwa kwa mphamvu zazikulu German ali pano kupereka maganizo zinasintha mu msonkhano wonse. Sichangozi pa US ndi andale British ngakhale chikalata mendulo chamadzulo ndi zikalata anadzipereka ku mwambo umenewu.

Zimphona sizidzakumbukiridwa muyaya

Nsautso Nkhondo ya Stalingrad anali kwa anthu onse Soviet. Mayina a ophunzira, ife azipereka m'nkhani ino. Ragusa Sergei Alexandrovich, anabadwa mu 1922. Mu Stalingrad ndinali kazembe wa matope platoon. Iye anali kupereka wa Stalin panokha anasaina zikomo "Pakuti mtima munthu ndi kulimba mtima." platoon wake anasiya wamphamvu thanki kuukira. Commander anali anakumana ndi wina wa iwo maso ndi maso, koma anali mutu wake ndi anaponya angapo Molotov cocktails. Thanki chakumene moto. Kumuukira izi, platoon Raguzova anawononga 4 makina lolemera, zingapo Asilikali. Total zinachitika 10 akasinja. The zomvetsa ena analandira pambuyo mthunzi.

Tula Ivan Antipovich

Utagwa imfa ya ngwazi wolimba ambiri maphwando Nkhondo ya Stalingrad. The Soviet Union, ndi Russia yamakono losaiwalika ngwazi ake. Ndifuna Tulyakova Ivan Antipovich - nkhondo mtolankhani amene anaphedwa pamene mukuwoloka pa Volga. Mu cholemba ake atsopano Ivan Antipovich analemba kuti: "Ndi bwino kukhala mkazi, mayi, mwana akufa ngwazi kuposa wamantha wopulumuka." Ndipo kotero ife ankaganiza zokometsera onse a mzinda.

Churanov Viktor Vasilevich

gulu mwana wa Stalingrad nkhondo Likutchulidwa ngwazi masiku awa - Churanova Victor Vasilievich. Membala wa Kuteteza Moscow, Kuteteza Stalingrad, ndi adani a Warsaw anali kupereka mendulo awiri "Pakuti Mtima". Monga thanki woyendetsa-makaniko, iye mosasamala anayendetsa galimoto yake kuti mdani, yosalekerera moyo. adalira wake anawomberedwa pansi German ndege angapo pafupi Moscow ndi Stalingrad. Imodzi mwa mabuku ochepa kwambiri a masiku lowopsya la nkhondo ku oyamba tsiku lomaliza.

Shelyvanov Vasiliy Andreevich

Battery ndi Vasily Germany anaponya 18 makina. Kumbuyo, kusonyeza ungwazi anakumana achifasizimu wamphamvu zida zankhondo moto, kupha magalimoto 4, angapo zinawakhudza, koma anabwerera. The Germany sanayembekezere kukana zimenezi, anabwerera.

Nawu mndandanda tsankho la zilembo anapereka nkhaniyi. Mwatsoka, okhudzidwa ndi nkhondo oopsa ambiri. Ife sadzaiwala mayina awo.