Kugonjetsa Kumpoto kwa India

Kugonjetsa kumpoto kwa India ndi Farsi-Turkic-Afghani mwa chilankhulo, magulu ankhondo achi Islam omwe anapanga chipembedzo ndi kulengedwa kwa Delhi Sultanate adatanthawuza kubwezeretsa chigawo chapamwamba cha chigamulochi. Akalonga a Rajput omwe adakalipo adayambanso ku Rajasthan, ku Central India, kupita kumadera oyamba a Himalayan. Malo awo anagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi a sultans, omwe anayamba kuwapereka kwa akuluakulu awo ankhondo ndi anzawo. Anakhazikitsidwa dongosolo lokhala ndi eni ake a asilikali-Ikt. Azimayi a zikuluzikulu zazikulu amatsuka mukta, ndipo omwe ali ndi katundu waung'ono - iqtadaramy.

Poyamba, ikta inali yogwira kanthawi kochepa, ndipo lechgpik ya asilikali ikhoza kudzipangira yekha gawo la ndalama zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa pa msonkho. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono ponena za chiwerengero cha anthu, adalandira misonkho ndi malo owonjezera, kotero kuti pakati pa zaka za XIV. The ikta anakhaladi cholowa. Mukta adagwirizana kwambiri ndi akuluakulu a mudzi ndi eni eni eni, okhomera msonkho. Choncho, pakukhazikitsidwa kwa Delhi Sultanate, kunali kolowera pakati pa msonkho wa misonkho kutsatiridwa ndi kubwerera ku chikhalidwe cha eni eni.

Mu Ufumu wa Mogul, ndondomekoyi inabwerezedwa. Malo a ikta adatengedwa ndi bungwe lofanana, lotchedwa jagir. Poyamba, makamaka mu ulamuliro wa Sher-Shah ndi Akbar, ma jahirdars anali olamulidwa kwambiri ndi akuluakulu a boma, nkhani zawo zinayang'anitsidwa, zolembazo zinali zofanana ndi chiwerengero cha okwera ndi asilikali oyendetsa mapazi omwe anayenera kusunga, kukwera mahatchi, kutumiza ma jagirdars kudera lina. Pansi pa Akbar, anayesa kufalitsa tebulo la magulu monga momwe ogwira ntchito onse a boma (mansabdars), kuphatikizapo a Jagirdars, adalandira udindo wapadera ndi ufulu ndi maudindo ofanana.

M'zaka za m'ma XVII. Kulamulidwa kwa ulamuliro wapamwamba pa Jarlari kunalefuka, nthawi zonse kugawidwa kwa nthaka kunasokonezedwa. Anthu a Jagirdars anakhala odziimira okhazikika, omwe nthawi zambiri ankalandira minda yawo. Komabe, kusasitsa kwa eni eni nthaka kunalibe chiyembekezo, popeza Jagirdar ikhoza kukonza ndalama zowonongeka (ku Akbar theka). Mbali ina idakali m'manja mwa eni eni nyumba - zamamita. Jagirdar sanagwirizane ndi kupanga, osakhala ndi mizu m'mudziwu, chuma chake chonse chingasokonezedwe chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ndale. Anali womangidwa ndi chiyanjano ndi dziko lofotokozedwa bwino, ndipo tsogolo lake linadalira pa tsogolo la dziko lino.

Kugonjetsa Kumpoto kwa India