Le Guin Ursula: biography, chilengedwe, chithunzi

Lero tikukamba za mayi wotchedwa "bedi, mtolankhani ndi wolemba mabuku". Ursula Le Guin - ndilo dzina lake. Ndipo ntchito zotchuka kwambiri za mkazi wozizwitsa izi zikugwirizana ndi kusintha kwa Earthsea.

Za wolemba

Kuyambira kale, Le Guin Ursula amadziwika kuti ndi yowoneka bwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kwa nthawi yaitali wolemba wa ku America wakhala ndi chiwerengero chofanana ndi A. Azimov, S. Lem, R. Sheckley, R. Bradbury. Chinsinsi cha Le Guin cha kupambana ndi chizoloŵezi chophweka kuti chikhale chopanga chophweka; Anthu otchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu wamba; Tanthauzo lafilosofi; Zodalirika, koma panthawi imodzimodzi chinenero cholemera ndi chokongola; Pafupi ndi chenicheni. Zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti dziko likhale losangalatsa kwambiri.

Tsopano tiyeni tiyankhule zambiri zokhudza moyo wa wolemba. Kuphatikiza pa biography m'nkhani ino, mungathe kumupeza chithunzi.

Ursula Le Guin: Zaka Zakale ndi Ukwati

Wolemba mtsogolo anabadwa mu 1929. Malo ake obadwira ndi tauni yaing'ono ya Berkeley, m'chigawo cha California. Bambo ake, Alfred Kreber, anali katswiri wodziwika bwino wa mbiri yakale yemwe anali ndi chikhalidwe chakumidzi. Amayi, Theodora Creber, ndi wolemba. Makolo ake adatsimikiza mtima kuti azisangalala ndi mabuku komanso miyambo ya kumayiko ena, omwe ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi a ku Ulaya.

Le Guin Ursula adalowa ku Cambridge College. Atamaliza maphunziro ake, mu 1952 anamuteteza ku University University . Mutu wa ntchito yake unali: "Buku lachikondi la Middle Ages ndi Renaissance". Atathawa, adalandira diploma ku philology ndipo anayamba kuphunzitsa mabuku, kugwira ntchito ku yunivesite ya United States, England ndi Australia. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, Ursula anatsogolera maphunziro a sayansi, monga mtundu umenewu unali chilakolako chake chokhalitsa.

Ali ndi mwamuna wake wam'tsogolo, Charles Le Guin, anakumana naye mu 1951 ndipo nthawi yomweyo anamkwatira. Mpaka lero, ali ndi mwana wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Kuyambira mu 1958, banjali limakhala ku Oregon, mumzinda wa Portland.

Zoyamba zimagwira ntchito

Le Guin Ursula analemba nkhani yake yoyamba mu 1961. Anatchedwa "Kuimba Woimba" ndipo adakambirana za zopingazo ndi mavuto a tsiku ndi tsiku omwe amalepheretsa okalamba kuti akwaniritse maloto ake. Pambuyo pake, ntchitoyi idaphatikizidwa mu zochitika zazing'ono zokhudza dziko lachikunja la Orsinia, ku Eastern Europe. Dziko lino limakumbukira Poland, lomwe linali pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900 pansi pa ulamuliro wa Soviet Union.

Zosonkhanitsa, ngakhale kuti zinali zosiyana ndi mbiri yakale, zinkapezeka ndi mabuku enieni, omwe angathe kusindikizidwa mu bukhu la sukulu. Kale mu bukhu ili, luso la Ursula Le Guin linawululidwa.

Mu 1979, nkhani za Orsinian zinawonjezeredwa ndi buku la "Malafrena", mutu waukulu womwe unali vuto lakale la kudzidzimva, ntchito ndi malo anu m'moyo.

Choyamba chofalitsidwa

Chodabwitsa kwambiri chodabwitsa cha wolemba ndi mbiri yake. Ursula Le Guin yoyamba kutuluka mu 1962, ndipo iyi sinali nkhani yochokera ku Orsinia. Iyi inali nkhani ya "April ku Paris", yomwe inalembedwa m'nkhani yolemba "Fantastica-1962". Ntchitoyi inafotokozera anthu omwe ali okhaokha omwe akuvutika ndi mavuto omwewo, mosasamala kanthu kuti ali ndi chikhalidwe chotani komanso udindo wawo pakati pa anthu. Nkhaniyi inalandiridwa bwino ndi owerenga komanso otsutsa.

Pokhapokha mu 1963 zinafalitsidwa mosiyana kwambiri ndi nkhani za wolemba. Ndipo mwa iwo mawonekedwe achilendo kwa Le Guin anawonekera, oyenerera kwambiri nkhani ya mafanizo. Ngakhale izi, zolemba zovuta kwambiri za malemba ndi ndondomeko yolemera kwambiri inaphimba tanthauzo lalikulu la ntchitozo. Ku Russia, nkhani yotchuka kwambiri pa nthawiyi ndi "Kasakiti komwe kunali mdima". Ntchitoyi imalongosola dziko limene mulibe lingaliro la zoipa, imfa ndi mthunzi.

Earthsea

Le Guin Ursula wapindula kwambiri ndi kutchuka chifukwa cha izi. Komabe, adayamba mwatsatanetsatane, ndi nkhani zomwe adazilemba pamsonkhano wotsatira wa "Fantastica-1964". Awa anali ntchito ziwiri: "Kutulutsa Uphungu" ndi "Malamulo a Maina". Ndiwo omwe adayambitsa kayendetsedwe ka Earthsea. Ngakhale apo, wolembayo anayamba kuwonjezera, monga chithunzithunzi, dziko lamtsogolo lodabwitsa lodzala ndi matsenga achilendo. Ndipo m'mabuku oyambirira wolembayo akuyamba kufotokoza malamulo a wina aliyense: palibe amene angatchedwe dzina lenileni, ndipo ngakhale mdierekezi wamphamvu kwambiri sangathe kuchotsa ufulu weniweni.

Zaka zinayi zokha pambuyo pake zinayambira buku loyamba la zochitikazi - "The Wizard of Earthsea". Ntchito yomweyi mu 1968 inaperekedwa ku Boston Globe-Horm Book Publishing House, ndipo patatha zaka zingapo analandira mwambo wa Lewis Carroll. Kenaka anadza buku lotsatirali - "Tombs of Atuana" ndi "Pa Gombe Lomaliza". Buku loyamba linapatsidwa ndondomeko ya Nyeri Silver Medal , ndipo yachiwiri - mphoto ya National Literature ya US ndiyo ntchito yabwino kwambiri kwa ana, yofalitsidwa mu 1972.

Mu 1979, wolembayo adalandira dzina la "Great Master of Fantasy".

Kupambana kwakukulu kunali kosangalatsa kokha ndi dongosolo la mabuku lonena za Earthsea, komanso ndi chithunzi cha msilikali wamkulu - Geda-Yastreb wamatsenga wamkulu. Ursula Le Guin ndiye mlembi woyamba kubwera ndi nkhani ya mwana wamasiye akulowa sukulu kwa asing'anga omwe anakumana ndi mavuto ambiri akulimbana ndi choipa ndipo pamapeto pake akukwaniritsa mphamvu ndi nzeru zazikulu.

Pambuyo polemba mabuku atatu oyambirira, wolembayo anachoka ku Earthsea kwa zaka pafupifupi 20. M'chaka cha 1990 padali kupitilira pansi pa dzina lakuti "Tehana: buku lomalizira pa Earthsea". Owerenga adavomereza kuti gawo ili la osapambana kwambiri, komabe akatswiri azinthu ndi mabuku adamupatsa zizindikiro zapamwamba. Komanso, m'bukuli wolembayo analandira mphoto yotchuka kwambiri ya olemba mabuku a American science fiction Nebula 90.

Komabe, bukhu ili linali kutali kwambiri ndi lomalizira, lotsatiridwa ndi mndandanda wa nkhani zochepa ndi buku lina.

Buku lomaliza la Earthsea

Chilengedwe Ursula Le Guin sichigwirizana kwambiri ndi dziko la Earthsea. Mwinamwake, ndicho chifukwa chake ndi kovuta kuti mlembi apite naye. Mpaka pano, buku lomaliza la zozungulira ndilo buku la "On Winds Other", lomwe mu 2002 lapatsidwa mphoto ya World Fantasy.

Kotero, mpaka lero, ma buku asanu ndi awiri ndi nkhani zochepa zofanana ndi zochitika za Earthsea zasindikizidwa. Kodi ndi mapeto? Ursula Le Guin yekhayo akhoza kuyankha funsoli.