Aksenov Vasily: biography ndi mabuku abwino a wolemba

Aksenov Vasily Pavlovich ndi wolemba wotchuka wa Chirasha m'madera osiyanasiyana. Ntchito zake, zimakhudzidwa ndi mzimu wosaganizira, wokhazikika ndi wogwira mtima, m'malo oposa surreal, musasiye wowerenga aliyense alibe chidwi. Nkhaniyi idzafotokoza za bizinesi ya Vasily Aksenov ndikupereka mndandanda wa ntchito zake zochititsa chidwi kwambiri.

Zaka zoyambirira

Mu 1932, pa August 20, mumzinda wa Kazan, Pavel Aksenov, pulezidenti wa Kazan City Council, ndi Eugenia Ginzburg, mphunzitsi wa Kazan Pedagogical Institute, mwana wa Vasily anabadwa. Anali kale mwana wachitatu m'banja, koma yekhayo. Pamene mnyamatayo anali asanakwanitse zaka zisanu, makolo onse awiri (mayi woyamba, ndiye bambo) anamangidwa, kenaka anaweruzidwa, mmodzi aliyense mpaka zaka khumi m'ndende. Atadutsa mumsasa wa Stalin, Eugenia Ginzburg adafalitsa buku la zolemba za "The Great Route", lomwe limatchula zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zomwe adagwidwa m'ndende, ku ukapolo, ku misasa ya Kolyma. Koma tsopano osati za izi, ife tikukhudzidwa ndi mbiri ya Vasily Aksenov.

Pambuyo pa kutha kwa makolo a ana okalamba - Alyosha (mwana wa Eugenia Ginzburg) ndi Maya (mwana wamkazi wa Pavel Aksenov) - achibalewo adatengedwera kumakula. Ndipo Vasya adatumizidwa kumalo osungirako ana amasiye kuti akaweruzidwe ana (agogo aamuna a mnyamatayo ankafuna kumusunga, koma sanaloledwe kuchita zimenezo). Mu 1938, mchimwene wa Peter Aksenov, Andreyan, anapeza mwana wamasiye wa Kostroma ndipo anamutengera kunyumba kwake. Mpaka 1948, Vasya ankakhala ndi achibale ake, a Moti Aksenova, pamene amayi a mnyamatayo adamasulidwa m'ndende mu 1947, sanapeze chilolezo choti amusamutsire mwana wake Kolyma. Pambuyo pake wolemba Vasily Aksenov anafotokoza achinyamata ake a Magadan mu buku lakuti "Burn".

Maphunziro ndi ntchito

Mu 1956, mnyamatayo anamaliza maphunziro a Leningrad Medical Institute ndipo, malinga ndi kufalitsa kwake, anali kugwira ntchito monga dokotala ku Baltic Shipping Company pamitsinje yayitali. Komabe, sanaloledwe kupeza, ngakhale kuti makolo ake adakonzedwanso ndi nthawi imeneyo. Pali malipoti akuti Aksyonov Vasily amagwira ntchito yokhala ndiokhaokha ku Karelia, ku Far North, kuchipatala cha tubercular ku Moscow (malinga ndi chidziwitso china, anali katswiri pa Scientific Research Institute of Tuberculosis ku Moscow), komanso ku Leningrad.

Chiyambi cha ntchito zolemba

Mlembi wolemba mbiri Aksenova akhoza kulingalira kuyambira 1960. Mu 1959, iye analemba nkhani yakuti "Anzanga" (malinga ndi zomwe mu 1962 filimu ya dzina lomwelo inaphedwa), mu 1960 - ntchito ya "Star Ticket" (pa 1962 inafotokozera filimuyo "Mchimwene wanga wamng'ono"), awiri Zaka zambiri pambuyo pake - nkhani ya "Oranges ku Morocco", ndipo mu 1963 - buku "Ndiyo nthawi, bwenzi langa ndi nthawi." Kenaka anadza buku la Vasily Aksenov la Catapult (1964) ndi Halfway kwa Moon (1966). Mu 1965 sewero lakuti "Nthawizonse zogulitsa" linalembedwa, chomwe chaka chomwecho chimachitika pa sitepe ya Sovremennik. Mu 1968, nkhani ya mtundu wodabwitsa kwambiri wa "Overstocked Bochotar" inafalitsidwa. M'zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi za m'ma 1900, ntchito za Vasily Aksenov zidasindikizidwa nthawi zambiri m'magazini yakuti "Achinyamata". Wolembayo adagwira ntchito zaka zingapo m'mabuku olemba.

Zaka makumi asanu ndi ziwiri

Mu 1970, gawo loyamba la dilo yophunzitsa ana "Agogo anga aamuna - chimanga" adasindikizidwa, mu 1972 - gawo lachiŵiri - "Thunthu, limene chinachake chikugogoda." Mu 1971, buku la "Love of Electricity" (lonena za Leonid Krasin), lolembedwa mu mbiri yakale ndi lachikhalidwe, linafalitsidwa. Chaka chotsatira mu nyuzipepala yakuti "New World" inafalitsa ntchito yoyesera ndi mutu wakuti "Kufunafuna Mtundu." Mu 1972, buku la "John Green - losasunthika" linalengedwanso, lomwe ndilo gawo la kanema lochita zazondi. Pamwamba pake Aksenov Vasili anagwira ntchito pamodzi ndi Grigory Pozhenyan ndi Oleg Gorchakov. Ntchitoyi inalembedwa ndi Grivadia Gorpozhaks (pseudonym kuchokera ku mayina osiyanasiyana ndi mayina a olemba atatu). Mu 1976, mlembiyu adamasulira kuchokera ku Chingelezi "Ragtime" yolembedwa ndi Edgar Lawrence Doctorow.

Ntchito za Pagulu

Mbiri ya Vasily Aksenov ili ndi mavuto ndi zosowa. Mu March 1966, pamene adayesayesa kutsutsa Stalin ku Moscow, pa Red Square, omangidwawo anamangidwa ndi wolemba. M'zaka ziŵiri zotsatira, Aksyonov analembera makalata angapo pofuna kuteteza otsutsa, ndipo anadzudzulidwa chifukwa cha izi ndi nthambi ya Moscow ya Writers 'Union ya USSR, ndi cholembedwa mu fayilo.

Nikita Khrushchev ali pamsonkhano ndi anzeru mu 1963, anadzudzula Vasily Aksenov ndi Andrei Voznesensky. Pamene "thaw" idatha, ntchito za wolembayo sizinatulutsidwenso kunyumba. Mu 1975, buku lakuti "Burn" linalembedwa zomwe tanena kale. Vasily Aksyonov sanayembekezere kuti adzafalitsidwa. "Chilumba cha Crimea" - buku lopambana kwambiri - linayambanso kulengedwa ndi wolemba popanda kuwerengetsa kuti ntchito idzafalitsidwa ndi kuwona dziko lapansi. Panthawiyi (1979) kutsutsa kwa wolembayo kunakhala kovuta kwambiri, zovuta monga "anti-popular", "non-Soviet" zinayamba kugwedezeka. Koma mu 1977-1978 Ntchito za Aksenov zinayamba kuonekera kunja, makamaka ku United States of America.

Palimodzi ndi Erofeev Victor, Iskander Fazil, Bella Akhmadulina, Bitov Andrey ndi Eugene Popov Aksenov Vasily mu 1978 anakhala wothandizira ndi wokonzekera almanac "Metropol". Mu nyuzipepala ya Soviet yosindikiza mabuku, iye sanapeze, koma iyo inafalitsidwa ku US. Otsatira onse mu almanac anali "ntchito" pambuyo pa izi. Izi zidatsatiridwa ndi bungwe la Union of Writers la USSR Erofeev ndi Popov, ndipo akutsutsa Vasily Aksenov pamodzi ndi Semen Lipkin ndi Inna Lisnyanskaya adalengezanso kuchoka kwa mgwirizanowu.

Moyo ku USA

Paitanidwe m'chilimwe cha 1980, wolemba bukuli anapita ku United States, ndipo mu 1981 iye analoledwa kukhala nzika za Soviet. Aksyonov ankakhala ku US mpaka 2004. Panthawi imene ankakhala kumeneko ankagwira ntchito monga pulofesa wa mabuku a ku Russia ku mayunivesite osiyanasiyana ku America: Kennan Institute (kuyambira 1981 mpaka 1982), University of Washington (1982 mpaka 1983), Gaucher College (kuyambira 1983 Pa 1988), University of Mason (kuyambira 1988 mpaka 2009). Monga wolemba nkhani kuyambira nthawi ya 1980 mpaka 1991, Aksenov Vasiliy adagwirizanitsa ndi mailesi a Radio Liberty, Voice of America, magazini ya "Verb" ndi "Continent". Zolemba za wailesi za wolembazi zinafalitsidwa mu mndandanda wa "Decade Calumny", wofalitsidwa mu 2004.

Ku United States anawona ntchito zolembedwa, koma sizinatchulidwe ku Russia, "Kutentha", "Gold Wathu Zhelezka", "Island of Crimea", chosonkhanitsa "Right to the Island". Vasily Aksenov anapitiriza kupanga ku America: Saga ya Moscow (trilogy, 1989, 1991, 1993), Nkhanza ya Hero Hero (chidule cha nkhani zochepa, 1995), The New Sweet Style (buku loperekedwa kwa moyo wa anthu a Soviet emigrants Ku USA, 1996) - zonsezi zinalembedwa panthawi ya moyo ku United States. Wolembayo adapanga ntchito osati mu Russian, mu 1989 inalembedwa mu Chingerezi, buku la "Yolk mazira" (ngakhale, pambuyo pake, adamasulira mlembi mwiniyo). Pakuitana kwa Jack Matlock, kazembe wa ku America, kwa nthawi yoyamba atapita kudziko lina (zaka zisanu ndi zinayi kenako), Aksenov anadza ku Soviet Union. Mu 1990, wolembayo anabwezedwa ku chikhalidwe cha Soviet.

Gwiritsani ntchito ku Russia

Mu 1993, pakugawidwa kwa Khoti Lalikulu, Vasily Aksenov adafotokozanso momveka bwino zomwe amakhulupirira ndikugwirizana ndi anthu omwe adasaina kalata yothandizira Yeltsin. Anton Barshchevsky mu 2004 ku Russia anawonetsedwa trilogy "Moscow Saga". Mu chaka chomwecho mu nyuzipepala ya "Oktoba" inafalitsa ntchito ya wolemba "Voltaireans ndi Voltaireans", pambuyo pake adapatsa Bukhu la Booker. Mu 2005, Aksenov analemba ngati bukhu la zolemba zake zomwe zimatchedwa "Zenitsa Oka".

Zaka zotsiriza za moyo

M'zaka zake zomalizira wolembayo ndi banja lake ankakhala ku France, mumzinda wa Biarritz, ndi ku Moscow. Mumzinda wa Russia pa January 15, 2008 Aksenov adamva kudwala, ndipo adatengera kuchipatala cha 23. Wolembayo anapezeka ndi matenda a stroke. Pambuyo pa tsiku Vasily Pavlovich anasamutsidwa ku Sklifosovsky Research Institute, iye anachitapo opaleshoni kuti achotse chovalacho mu carotid mitsempha. Kwa nthawi yaitali, vuto la wolembayo linakhalabe lolemetsa. Ndipo mu March 2009, panali mavuto atsopano. Aksenova anasamutsidwa ku bungwe la Burdenko ndipo anatsegulidwanso. Kenako Vasily Pavlovich anali kuchipatala ku Sklifosovsky Research Institute. Icho chinali apo pa July 6, 2009, wolembayo anamwalira. Vasily Pavlovich anaikidwa m'manda ku Moscow, pamanda a Vagankovskoye. Mu November 2009, ku Kazan, m'nyumba yomwe mlembi ankakhalapo, Museum of his design yakhazikitsidwa.

Vasily Aksenov: "Zosangalatsa zodabwitsa. Buku lina la makumi asanu ndi limodzi "

Iyi ndi ntchito yomaliza yomaliza wolemba luso. Idafalitsidwa mokwanira pambuyo pa imfa ya Aksenov, mu October 2009. Izi zisanachitike, mitu yotsatizana ya 2008 inafalitsidwa mu "Kusonkhanitsa nkhani zamakono". Bukuli ndi autobiographical, olimba ake ndi mafano ndi zolemba za m'ma makumi asanu ndi limodzi a zaka makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri: Evgeny Evtushenko, Bulat Okudzhava, Andrei Voznesensky, Ernst Neizvestny, Robert Rozhdestvensky, Bella Akhmadulina, Marlen Khutsiev, Vladimir Vysotsky, Andrei Tarkovsky ndi ena. Aksenov adapatsa mainawo kukhala maina ololera, kuti ntchitoyo isagwirizanitsidwe ndi memoir mtundu.

Mphoto, mphoto, kukumbukira

Ku United States of America, wolembayo anapatsidwa mlingo wa Doctor of Humanities. Iye adalinso membala wa kampani ya American author and PEN club. Mu 2004, ntchito "Voltaireans ndi Voltaire" Aksenov adapatsa "Russian Booker". Chaka chotsatira iye adapatsidwa ulemu wa Order of Arts and Literature. Wolembayo anali membala wa Russian Academy of Arts.

Chaka chilichonse kuyambira mu 2007 ku Kazan ali ndi chikondwerero chodziwika kuti "Aksenov-fest". Kwa nthawi yoyamba anadutsa ndi Vasily Pavlovich. Mu 2009, nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yotchedwa House-Museum ya mlembi wotchuka inatsegulidwa, ndipo tsopano pali malo ogulitsira mzindawo. Mu 2010, buku lopanda malire la wolemba Lend-Lizovsky linatulutsidwa. Nkhani yake inachitika pa November 7 m'nyumba ya Museum of Vasily Aksenov.

Eugene Popov ndi Alexander Kabakov mu 2011 anafalitsa pamodzi buku la kukumbukira Vasily Pavlovich, lomwe linatchedwa "Aksenov". Mmenemo amalingalira zomwe mlembiyo adzalandire, zovuta za biography, njira ya kubadwa kwa munthu wamkulu. Ntchito yayikulu ndi lingaliro la bukuli ndikuteteza kusokonezeka kwa mfundo kuti musangalatse zochitika zina.

Banja

Mbale wa Vasily Aksenov pa mzere wa amayi, dzina lake Alexei, anaphedwa pa kuzungulira Leningrad. Mlongo wa bambo ake, Maya, ndi katswiri wodziwa njira zamaphunziro, wolemba mabuku ambiri pa Chirasha. Mkazi woyamba wa mlembiyo anali Kira Mendeleva, m'banja lake ku Aksenov mu 1960 mwana wa Alexey anabadwa. Tsopano akugwira ntchito ngati wotsogolera nyimbo. Mayi Aksenova (yemwe anabadwa mu 1930), ndi mkazi wachiwiri ndi mkazi wamasiye, mwa maphunziro a katswiri wa zamalonda. Pa nthawi ya banja lake ku United States adaphunzitsa Russian, adagwira ntchito ku Chamber of Commerce ku Russia. Panalibe ana ogwirizana ndi Vasily Pavlovich ndi Maya Afanasyevna, koma Aksenova anali ndi mwana wamkazi wa Elena (wobadwa mu 1954). Anamwalira mu August 2008.