Kugonjetsedwa kwa sitima za ku Spain: malo, nthawi, mafunde a nkhondo

Sitima ali ndi asilikali zombo yokhazikika ku Spain. Mpheroyi zombo 130. The flotilla unalembedwa mu 1586-1588 gg. Tiyeni tione zina zomwe chaka zinachitika kugonjetsedwa kwa sitima za ku Spain. About lino nkhaniyi.

cholinga

Tisanafotokoze kulankhula za chiyani ndipo pamene panali kugonjetsedwa kwa sitima za ku Spain, ayenera kufotokoza zinthu zomwe zinachitika pa nthawi. Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu a ku England kumizidwa ndi kulanda katundu zombo Spanish. Izi zinabweretsa dziko zomvetsa yaikulu. Choncho, 1582 woyamba Spain ali ndi vuto la kuposa $ miliyoni 1,9 ducats. Chifukwa china chimene anaganiza kuti akonze zombo, anali thandizo la Dutch kupanduka Elizabeth I - Mfumukazi ya England. Philip II - mfumu ya Spain - imatengedwa kuti ndi ntchito yanga yothandiza English Akatolika, amene analimbana ndi Achiprotestanti. Mu nkhani imeneyi, flotilla zombo, anapezeka ndi pafupifupi 180 atsogoleri. Komanso, panthawi iliyonse asilikali oyenda panyanja ndi asilikali ayenera kwenikweni ndi kuvomereza ndi mgonero. Idzayenda, opandukawo ankaganiza kuti tipambane British. Iwo ankaganiza kuti akhoza kuswa okhawo Spanish pa malonda ndi Dziko Latsopano, komanso kufalikira ku Europe, malingaliro Chiprotestanti. Motero, mbali zonse anali chidwi ndi chochitika.

dongosolo kampeni

Mfumu ya Spain analamula zombo kuti tiyandikire English Channel. Apo iye anali kulumikizana ndi 30 zikwi asilikali a Duke wa Parma. asilikali inali ku Flanders. Tikaphatikiza magulu iwo anali kudutsa English Channel kwa County wa Essex. Pambuyo amayenera chamtsogolo London. Spanish Mfumu ankaganiza kuti Akatolika amasiya Elizabeth ndi kugwirizana naye. Komabe, dongosolo sanali kwathunthu ndinaganiza. Mmenemo, makamaka sizinapezekebe ankaona osaya madzi, amene sanalole chombo anapita gombe, kuti atenge gulu lankhondo la Duke. Powonjezera, ku Spain Kodi kuganizira mphamvu ya zombo British. Ndipo, ndithudi, Philip sanathe amati kugonjetsedwa kwa sitima za ku Spain kuchitika.

lamulo

Sitima anaikidwa mutu wa Alvaro De Bazan. Iye ankaona yabwino Spanish asilikali. Iye ndi Mlengi ndi kulinganiza wa flotilla lapansi. Monga kudafotokozedwa m'nthawi ina, ngati iye anatsogolera zombo, sizikanagwira zowawa kugonjetsedwa kwa sitima za ku Spain. Chaka 1588 TH Komabe, anakhala omaliza moyo wa asilikali. Iye anafa pa 63 TH chaka, patsogolo pa zombo pa nyanja. M'malo mwake, anaikidwa Alonso Perez de A Guzman. Iye sanali odziwa kuyenda panyanja, koma ali ndi chidwi ndi luso gulu. Iwo analola kuti iye mofulumira kupeza chinenero akazembe odziwa. Zikomo ntchito yawo olowa ndi bulu wamphamvu analengedwa, amene anali okonzeka chakudya zida zonse zofunikira. Komanso, ndi lamulo la dongosolo anayamba wa chizindikiro, madongosolo ndi dongosolo la nkhondo, amagwera mphamvu zonse ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Features ya gulu

Monga mbali ya sitima anali pafupifupi 130 zombo, 30,5 zikwi. Anthu, 2430 mfuti. Mphamvu yaikulu unagawidwa squadrons asanu:

1. "Castilla".
2. "Portugal".
3. "Biscay".
4. "Gipuzkoa".
5. "Andalusia".
6. "Levant".

The sitima m'gulu anayi Neapolitan galleass ndi nambalayi wa galleys Chipwitikizi. Komanso, monga mbali ya flotilla anali ambiri zombo kufufuza misonkhano Mtumiki amapereka. chakudya monga mamiliyoni masikono, 400 zikwi. mapaundi mpunga, 600 zikwi. mapaundi corned ng'ombe ndi nsomba mchere, 40 chikwi. malita a mafuta, 14 chikwi. mbiya ndi vinyo, 6 matumba TH. Nyemba, 300 zikwi. mapaundi tchizi. Kuyambira zombo zida panopa 124 zikwi. Maso 500 zikwi. Chopopera mlandu.

Yambani kampeni

Ku Lisbon padoko flotilla anabwera pa May 29, 1588 chaka. Komabe, momwe icho anagwira namondwe amene ankayendetsa zombo La Coruna - doko la kumpoto chakumadzulo Spain. Kumeneko, amalinyero anali kuchita kukonza ziwiya ndi kubwezeretsanso m'matangadza chakudya. Mkulu wa flotilla ankafuna akusowa matenda chakudya oyendetsa awo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, iye ankachiritsa analemba kwa Filipo kuti kukaikira mu bwino ntchitoyi. Komabe, mfumu analimbikira kuti asilikali kutsatira njira chinakonzedweratu ndipo sasiya dongosolo. Patatha miyezi iwiri Kuyimitsa pa gombe Lisbon Mulungu, flotilla anafika English Channel.

Msonkhano ndi Duke wa Parma

Flotilla asilikali Philip bwino mwamuuza ndipo anatumiza zombo pagombe kutenga asilikali. Kudikira yankho ku Duke Commander sitima analamula kuti akazike pafupi Calais. Zimenezi anali osatetezeka kwambiri, chimene chinali pafupi kwa British. Usiku womwewo anatumiza sitima Spanish moto zombo 8 mabomba ndi zinthu flammable. atsogoleri ambiri anayamba kudula zingwe ndi anayesa mwaphuma kuthawa. Kenako mphepo yamphamvu ndi wamphamvu panopa ananyamula Spain kumpoto. Bwererani ku Duke wa Parma, iwo sakanakhoza. Tsiku lotsatira panali nkhondo.

Place ndi tsiku kugonjetsedwa kwa sitima za ku Spain

flotilla The anagonjetsedwa ndi Anglo-Dutch zombo kuuluka kuwala. Iwo akulamulidwa ndi Charles Howard. Mu English Channel, panali maulendo angapo, imene inatha Gravelinskoe nkhondo. Choncho, chaka chimene anali kugonjetsedwa kwa sitima za ku Spain? The flotilla sunakhalitse. Iye idagonjetsedwa chaka chomwecho, amene anayamba ntchito yapadera - mu 1588. Nkhondo pa nyanja masabata awiri. Spanish zombo sanathe tipezenso mphamvu. Kugunda ndi zombo za adani anali mu zinthu poopsa kwambiri. Great vuto kupanga zikusintha mphepo. kusiyana Major zinachitika mu Portland Bill, Start Point, Chisumbu cha Wight. Pa nkhondo ya ku Spain wataya pafupi 7 zombo. Kugonjetsedwa komaliza kwa sitima za ku Spain zinachitika pa Calais. Kutuluka zina kuwukira linapangitsa asilikali zombo kumpoto, mwa Atlantic gombe la Western Ireland. Pa mdani chomwecho zombo namtsata iye pang'ono, kuyendera gombe kum'mawa kwa England.

Bwererani ku Spain

Zinali zovuta kwambiri. Pambuyo nkhondo, zombo ambiri lowonongeka ndipo sakonda anali wolimba. Near kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa gombe la Ireland zombo kugunda ziwiri sabata yamkuntho. Ambiri a zombo pa nthawi anagundidwa ndi miyala kapena kusowa. Pamapeto pake, pa September 23 kanali koyamba pambuyo masana yaitali anafika kumpoto kwa Spain. Back nyumba 60 zokha, ndipo ngalawa. Ovulala anali okwana kuchokera 1/3 kuti 3/4 chiwerengero cha anthu okonza. A nambala yaikulu anafa mabala awo ndi matenda, ambiri anamira. Ngakhale anthu amene anakwanitsa kunyumba, pafupifupi njala, kuyambira m'matangadza onse chakudya zinatha. Limodzi la zombo inavutika ndi kuonongeka Laredo, chifukwa amalinyero analibe mphamvu ngakhale kuchepetsa matanga ndi kuzikika.

mtengo

zomvetsa Large anabweretsa kugonjetsedwa kwa sitima za ku Spain. Tsiku pamene chochitika zinachitika, nthawizonse kukhala mu mbiri ya dziko monga mmodzi wa zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri. Komabe, kugonjetsedwa sanadutsitse kuti dontho mwamsanga mphamvu Spanish pa nyanja. zaka 90 za m'ma 16 wonse yodziwika ndi ndithu kampeni bwino. Choncho, pofuna British agonjetse Spanish sitima pa madzi a kugonjetsedwa kwake onongani. nkhondo kunachitika mu 1589-m. zaka 2 kenako zombo Spanish anagonjetsa British mu nyanja ya Atlantic mu nkhondo zingapo. kuwina onse Komabe, analephera kukwaniritsa zomvetsa kuti anabweretsa dziko kugonjetsedwa kwa sitima za ku Spain. Spain anaphunzira phunziro lofunika kwambiri kwa tokha ku ntchito imeneyi zinalephereka. Zitatero, dziko lotsalalo ziwiya zosamveka ndi katundu mokomera zombo mbandakucha okonzeka ndi zida losatha.

Pomaliza

Kugonjetsedwa kwa sitima za ku Spain (1588) m'manda chiyembekezo adzabwezeretse Chikatolika ku England. Nkhani ya dziko digiri ina zinthu mfundo yachilendo Spain akhakwanisa angaonere. Ndipotu zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti udindo Philip ku Netherlands adzakhala poipa zikuchepa. Koma England, ndiye chifukwa chogonjetsa wake wa Spanish zombo chinali chiyambi phindu lalikulu pa nyanja. Pakuti Achiprotestanti, chochitika chimenechi chinali mapeto a yowonjezera Habsburg Ufumu ndi kufalitsa ambiri Chikatolika. Mu maso awo, anali chiwonetsero cha chifuniro cha Mulungu. anthu ambiri amene ankakhala pa nthawi imeneyo ku Europe Protestant, akhapidziwa kuti si alowererepo wakumwamba athandizidwa kupirira flotilla, amene, monga mmodzi wa anthu a m'nthawi yake anati, mphepo zinali zovuta kunyamula, ndi nyanja ndi akubuula ake kulemera.