Wolemba Yuri Olesha: yonena, zithunzi ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Mosiyana olemba ena ambiri, anasiya si kwambiri ntchito za Olesha Yuriy Karlovich. yonena wake ngakhale chisoni, koma zonse zazikulu. Monga olemba ambiri a nthawi chosintha, Olesha anafika mapiri kutchuka, kukhala mwambo chithunzi m'dziko yaikulu wamng'ono. Nanga n'chifukwa pa nsonga za izo ndi kutchuka ali pafupifupi zidaleka kuchita ndipo inasanduka wovutika woledzera-wopemphapempha?

Makolo wolemekezeka wa wolemba tsogolo

Yuri Olesha (wolemba, amene molakwika ambiri amakhulupirira mwana) anabadwira ku banja la ana a losauka Polish otchuka. Nthawi zambiri biographies a wolemba analemba kuti bambo ake anali mbadwa za m'banja lapamwamba ku Belarus. Izi siziri zoona kwathunthu. Ndithudi, Olesha - dzina wotchuka Chibelarusi otchuka a m'zaka za zana XVI. Komabe, pa nthawi iwo avomereza Chikatolika ndipo anasamukira ku Poland. Pachifukwa ichi, pa chiyambi cha XX atumwi. banja Yuri Karlovich Olesha anali zana pa zana Polish.

Ngakhale kuti mayi wa wolemba tsogolo (Olympia Vladislavovna) ndi bambo ake (Carl Antonovich) - Anthu m'banja lachifumu, chifukwa cha mavuto a zachuma ndi banja anali kukhala modzichepetsa. Karl Olesha anakhalapo nduna excise.

Pambuyo zitasintha, Olympia ndi Karl Olesha anasamuka ku Russian Ufumu kwa Poland, kumene ankakhala mpaka imfa yake. Wolemba anakana kusiya dziko lakwawo, koma yaitali kulekana ndi mabanja awo. Amene amadziwa, mwinamwake mu ukalamba wake ngakhale anamva chisoni kuti anakana kuchoka ndi Yuri Olesha makolo. Wambiri iye ndiye akhoza kuwonjezera mosiyana. Ngakhale mwina talente yake ingathandize zikuchitikazo yekha kudziko lakwawo.

Yuriy Karlovich Olesha: yonena mwachidule ubwana

Malo woyambitsa "Zitatu Mafuta Amuna" mu Elisavetgrad (mpaka 2016 - Kirovohrad, tsopano - Kropyvnytskyi) mu February 1899

Mu zaka 3 m'moyo chilichonse chidwi wolemekezeka Yuri Olesha. Wambiri ana m'mabukhu zambiri Sachita elesavetgradsky nthawi ya moyo wake, ndi kutsindika pa makolo wolembayo kusamukira Odessa. Ndipotu, mzinda umenewu wakhala nyumba chenicheni kwa iye, komanso mchikuta kwa luntha lake.

Zaka zingapo atasamukira Yuriy Karlovich Olesha Rishelevsky sukulu. Apa iye anachita chidwi mu masewera a mpira, ndipo ngakhale nawo mpikisano mzinda kumbali ya masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi. Komabe, chifukwa mavuto ndi mtima wa mnyamata posachedwa anali kupereka chizolowezi mumaikonda. Koma anapezeka watsopano - ndakatulo ntchito.

Chidwi ndi ntchito za Gumilyov, ngakhale mu zaka akuphunzira sekondale anayamba kulemba ndakatulo awo aamuna Yuri Olesha. Wolemba amene yonena imafalitsidwa mu mabuku onse a dziko - momwe ndinaona mphatso wanga m'tsogolo sukulu. Makamaka ouziridwa ziyembekezo kuti "Klarimondu" mu "Journal wa South". Komabe, utsogoleri wa zolimbitsa thupi la sanali chilakolako chawo kwa mwana, kotero mnyamata analetsedwa kulemba ndakatulo ndi nthawi anatisiyira khama lake zolembalemba.

Kunachitika 1917 Olesha bwinobwino maphunziro a sekondale ndipo ndinalembetsa lamulo yunivesite m'dera la mphamvu.

Kuthandiza pa Odessa "Team ya ndakatulo ya"

Koma iye sanakhale loya Olesha Yuriy Karlovich. yonena lake lasinthidwa ndi utasintha mu 1917 ndi kusintha zotsatira mu zinthu zokhudza dziko.

Ngati ambiri a anzake zolembalemba - Kataev, I. Ilf ndi E. Bagritsky, Olesha anakumana onse ndi chimwemwe ndi chiyembekezo zikamera wa watsopano, bwino ndi chabe dziko. Kufuna kukhala gawo la izo, patapita zaka 2 wapaunyamata phunziro iye panjira ndi lolunjika pa ntchito yomanga ntchito yake zolembalemba. Mwina kutsogolera kwa uyunso adali chakuti mu 1919 wolemba tsogolo anali kudwala malungo ndipo mwamwayi.

Kaya anali kwenikweni, koma atachoka yunivesite, Olesha, ndi Ilf, Kataev ndi anzake ena, gulu zolembalemba "The gulu la ndakatulo."

Bungweli inatenga zaka 2. Panthawi imeneyi mabungwe ake anachezeredwa ndi za 20 kanjedza odziwika bwino zolembalemba (kuphatikizapo Vladimira Sosyuru, Chikhulupiriro Ibner ndi Zinaida Shishova).

Pa misonkhano, "Onse a akuyimba", ophunzira kuwerenga ntchito zawo, ndi kulankhula ndakatulo ya Mayakovsky, amene anali nawo muyeso wa ndakatulo za masiku ano.

Kuwonjezera madzulo zolembalemba, Olesha ndi comrades ake kuchita zinthu maphunziro. Makamaka, kutumiza mabuku mwa antchito ndi Red Army, komanso kulenga laibulale anu.

Achangu ndi kuberekana ntchito "Team andakatulo" chinaoneka Moscow, ndi mu 1922 ambiri a iwo anapemphedwa kusamukira ku likulu la USSR, kapena kuti ntchito m'mizinda zina zofunika za dziko. Chifukwa chakuti atsogoleri yaikulu ya gulu zolembalemba kumanzere Odessa - kuthyoka.

Yuri Karlovich anachoka mumzindawo nyanja chaka zisanachitike - anaitanidwa ntchito Kharkov.

Atatu Muses Yuri Olesha

Pa wolemba wamng'ono anali ndi zifukwa zingapo kusiya kwawo. Mmodzi wa iwo - mkazi.

Adakali anali mmodzi wa atsogoleri a "Team ya Writers," Ine ndinali mu chikondi ndi Serafimoy Gustavovnoy Suok Yuri Olesha.

Wambiri wokondedwa wolemba akusonyeza kuti iye anali mkazi wa makhalidwe awo ndi okayikitsa. Komabe, nthawi m'dera la makhalidwe bohemia ankaoneka kwamakono ndipo ngakhale patsogolo.

Operekedwa udindo leni ndi Oleshye, Seraphima (Sima) anatsegula yochepa chibwenzi ndi munthu wa malonda. Panali mphekesera kuti chidachitika pafupifupi pempho la Olesha ndi Kataeva. Zimamveka anthu ankaganiza kuti kukongola kwa Semu mukhoza kupeza kuchokera olemera makadi suitor chakudya kapena zinthu zina chikusoŵa, chimene chiri choperewera pa nthawi ya njala. Komabe, pamene Swauk anasamukira ku moyo ndi "othandizira", Yuri Karlovich akhagopa kuti anataya mnzake wokondedwa mpaka kalekale, ndipo anatenga kwawo.

Mwatsoka, atabwerera posachedwa giddy Simochka chidwi ndi Soviet ndakatulo Vladimir Narbut ndipo anachoka Olesha anakhala mkazi wa maganizo atsopano ndi wosankhidwa.

Mosimidwa anaponyedwa wolemba anakwatira mlongo wake Olga, amene anakhala mnzake wokhulupirika kwa moyo.

Onse alongo Swauk anakhala zinachitika wa "Zitatu Mafuta Amuna" wa protagonist lapansi. Ndipo ngati yokhala ntchito zoyenera Zhene Oleshi, ndi chilengedwe cha khalidwe unalembedwa ku wosakhazikika Simochka, amene anatha kukaona okwatira kawiri zambiri pambuyo chilekano ndi anazunzidwa Narbut.

Kuwonjezera alongo Swauk anali Yuri Karlovich imasonkhezera wina, zimene analemba "Zitatu Mafuta Amuna". Dzina la kukongola ichi - Valentine Leontievna Gryunzayd. Ngakhale pamene anakumana - anali mtsikana wina dzina lake Valya. Olesha anachita chidwi ndi chisomo mwanayo ndipo analonjeza kulemba nthano wake, amene kenako anachita. Komanso, nthawi zina adaseleula motere naye kuti pamene Gryunzayd kukula - pyakukhonda kumsemba. Koma akuluakulu Valentine anakhala mkazi wa mnzake - Petrov.

Wolemba mu "oyimba kamvekedwe"

Atasamuka mu 1921 ku Kharkov, anayamba ntchito monga woyambitsa ndakatulo ndi anecdotes zoseketsa Yuri Olesha. Mwachidule yonena za iye nthawi imeneyi tinganene kuti: ntchito ndi ntchito kachiwiri. Yuri Karlovich ntchito pamene ayamba otchuka. Ndipo Musamadziganizire kuvulazidwa mtima pambuyo kuswedwa ndi Sima, Olesha kwathunthu lolunjika pa ntchito - ndi zifukwa zomveka. Pasanathe chaka ntchito Kharkov kunditumiza ku likulu la USSR.

Apa amakhala ophunzira yogwira mu moyo zolembalemba, ndipo anakumana ndi zambiri mafano ake.

Analimbikitsidwa mu nyuzipepala "mluzu", wolemba mabuku mu wachipongwe, satires wake zoseketsa, amene apambane chikondi owerenga kudutsa dziko. Pankhaniyi, lidalembedwa alias a "chisel".

Bwino kumunda mabuku ndi kuzindikira akuluakulu zimapangitsa wolemba kuganizira kulemba prose lalikulu.

Chosintha-chikondi nthano "Atatu Mafuta Amuna"

Woyamba ntchito yaikulu ya Yuri Karlovich Olesha anali analonjeza Vale Gryunzayd nthano - ". Atatu Mafuta Amuna" Ngakhale kuti inafalitsidwa mu 1929, wolemba analemba izo kale kwambiri - mu 1924

Mu nkhani iyi za anthu olimbikira ntchito kulimbana ndi mafuta wolemba amuna majeremusi ophatikizidwa zolinga zawo zonse chosintha. Buku uwu wadzadza ndi mafanizo ndi nthano, ngakhale chiwembu ake si malo matsenga.

Ngakhale kuti bukhu ili linalembedwa kuti Valentina Gryunzayd, khalidwe lalikulu la nthano ino (Acrobat Swauk), Yuri Karlovich dzina lake polemekeza wokonda kale ndi mkazi panopa.

Ngakhale kuti papita zaka zambiri kuchokera pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa "Amuna atatu Mafuta" - Mosakayikira, izi ndi ntchito ambiri akukhulupirira kuti zolembedwa Yuri Olesha. Wambiri, mwatsoka, pambuyo polenga nthano izi pang'onopang'ono anayamba zoopsa. Ndipotu boma Soviet anatenga kuponderezana pang'ono a otsutsa. Tsoka imeneyi kwagona kuti ambiri aluso anali kusankha: amagonjera ulamuliro ndi kukhala wopondereza kapena ndikupereka ndi chisoni makina wankhanza.

M'zaka zikubwerazi, ambiri a abwenzi ndi anzawo a wolemba mu njira ina kuvutika ndondomeko yatsopano chikhalidwe. anakhumudwa Yuri Karlovich anafotokoza ntchito ina yaikulu - buku "Kaduka".

"Nsanje" Yuriya Oleshi

Mu 1927, mu "Red Virgin Nthaka" anali woyamba lofalitsidwa Roma Oleshi - ". Kaduka" Kwenikweni, ntchito imeneyi sanali yoyamba ntchito Yuri Karlovich. Chifukwa ndi nthawi kuti kale olembedwa, "Atatu Mafuta Amuna", koma iwo adzakhala lofalitsidwa zaka 2 ina.

Buku "Kaduka" anali manja aŵiri otsutsa ndi kuwerenga. Ambiri mwina, ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti kuti Olesha anafotokoza momvetsa chisoni za aluntha chi amene sali woyenera mu dziko latsopano Soviet.

Komabe, monga zingapo, buku "Kaduka" unali nkhani zotsutsa ankhanza, chifukwa si zogwirizana ndi Kuzindikira zokomera.

Pakali pano, pali Yuri Olesha yonena zafotokozedwa osati wake, komanso mazana aluso ena omwe anali osafunika ndi dziko latsopano, koma sanathe kusiya. Rumor nazo izo kuti fano la Andrei Babichev anali amene anapuma pantchito ndi Mayakovsky.

buku unachititsa chipwirikiti, ndipo anapereka mlengi wake pamwamba. Ndipo pambuyo buku la "Amuna atatu Mafuta" wolemba ake chakhala chimatengedwa ngati wolemba Soviet. Tsopano, pafupifupi buku lililonse pali lalikulu kapena yonena yaing'ono Yuriya Oleshi. Zinaoneka, pamaso pake kuyembekezera tsogolo olandiridwa yowala - koma izi sizinachitike.

Creative maganizo Oleshi

Monga munthu kulenga, Yuri Karlovich ankaganizira kwambiri osati zindikirani kusintha anthu mu mochedwa 20 - oyambirira 30 ntchentche. n'zoti sakanakwanitsa. Kuwonjezera wosasangalala zolinga za zisinthe, Olesha mavuto wina. Chimene iye ankafuna kulemba, osati chidwi mphamvu. Komanso sizimene ankaona osafunika, koma pang'onopang'ono amapeza udindo wa bongo.

M'nkhani ya Kuzindikira Soviet kuti anali kulemba kapena zimene inu muti chipani, kapena kulemba pa onse. Ndi zokwanira basi moyo, ngati kanthu kulemba? The kwambiri chifukwa wolemba alibe kufalitsa basi kuyerekezedwa kuti tiziromboti lapansi. Ndipo anali kale ndi mlandu.

Pokhumudwa mabuku pano, Yuri Olesha nkhawa ndipo anayamba kumwa zambiri. Patapita zaka zingapo anakhala mowa aakulu. Kukula chikhalidwe chake uthenga pa kuzunzidwa kwa a anzake. kudzipha A Mayakovsky (amene poyamba anali chabwino kwa wolemba mabuku) ndi chiyani inasokoneza thanzi Yury Karlovich.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Ngakhale matenda, uchidakwa ndi wolemba maganizo, anakhalako zaka 30 ndipo anamwalira mu May 1960

The chidwi kwambiri kupambana Oleshi mu nthawi iyi zinali zolemba wake. Iwo zinatuluka monga bukhu lapadera "Palibe tsiku popanda mzere" atamwalira mlembi.

Komabe, ngati amakhala - izo ntchito moyo, ndiye moyo "thupi" Yuri Karlovich udachita polemba masewero ndi screenplays. Ambiri a iwo - ndi anatengera ntchito Chekhov a, Dostoevsky, Kuprin ndi "Zitatu Mafuta Amuna" ndi "Kaduka".

Pa nthawi yomweyo panali zidutswa za zikuchokera wake. Makamaka, "Imfa Zanda." Izi ntchito yosatha pa tsoka la wolemba Communist Zandi, Olesha anayesa afotokoze maganizo awo pa ozungulira zenizeni zokomera.

M'zaka zomalizira za moyo wake pafupifupi anapempha Olesha Yury Karlovich. Wambiri ana, amene anatumikira mu mabuku ambiri, kawirikawiri amasamalirira mfundo imeneyi. Komabe, mu nthawi imeneyi wolemba kutsogoleredwa pafupifupi pokhala.

chakuti iye analibe nyumba zawo, ndi woyambitsa "Kaduka" anakhala nthawi zambiri wina ndi anzake kapena anzawo. Kuwonjezera zasungidwa osowa zolembalemba, kuti ndipeze ndalama zogulira chakudya anamuthandiza banal napemphapempha pa msewu. chakumwa A zinali zotheka chifukwa kwambiri mwayi wamng'ono olemba Soviet amene anam'chitira, mwa ulemu kwa waluso kwambiri.

Pokhala achinyamata wokondedwa, mu ukalamba wake Yury Karlovich anali kupita mu nsanza.

Iye anafa wolemba ku kuukira banal mtima.

Monga mmene wolemba kale, ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu manda Novodevechem Moscow. Mu mzere woyamba wa chigawo choyamba.

Ngakhale pamene maganizo ake mowa Yuri Olesha adaseleula motere naye kuti angakonde kuti maliro ake anali kwambiri wodzichepetsa kwambiri kuposa ayenera kuti phindu zolembalemba. Pa nthawi yomweyo apeza pa moyo wa mtengo ndalama za kusiyana kwa miyambo awiri.

Yuri Olesha: yonena, chidwi mfundo

• Chinenero mwana wamkulu uyu Soviet wolemba anamva Polish. Russian anaphunzira ina, kukhala Odessa. Mu izi zinamuthandiza ndi agogo ake, amene anaphunzitsa pa nthawi yomweyo mnyamata masamu.
• Yuri Karlovich anali ndi mlongo Wanda. Iye anabadwa zaka ziwiri izi zisanachitike kuposa m'bale wake. Wolemba tsogolo kuyambira ubwana kwambiri Ufumuyo ake ndi ofunika akamwalira ake kuchokera Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi. Nkhonyayo lalikulu linali lakuti Wanda amakodwa ndi Yuri, amene anachira, ndipo - palibe.
• Mu bukhu Valentin Kataev "Daimondi korona wanga", kuwonjezera Esenina, Ilf ndi Babele, ndipo limatama Yuri Olesha. yonena ake, akhala penapake masked, ndi wolemba akuoneka pansi pa dzina la chinsinsi wojambula-metaforista. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ntchito yomweyo si kuvomereza ndithu munthu anafotokoza ndi Sima Suok. Iye anapatsidwa dzina lakuti "wokondedwa."
• Olga Gustavovna Swauk, anakhala koyamba ndiponso mkazi wa wolemba pa nthawi ya chibwenzi wake anali kale pabanja ndipo anabereka mwana wamwamuna. Pambuyo pa ukwati wake ndi Olga Olesha anatenga stepson wake.
• Mu nthawi kuchokera 1936 mpaka 1956. ntchito Oleshi sizinachitike lofalitsidwa. Pambuyo chiyembekezo chakuti ya chiletso zosavomerezeka wakhala pabwino ngati wolemba ana Yuri Olesha. Short yonena kuti ana limodzi ndi pafupifupi buku "Zitatu Mafuta Amuna". Pankhaniyi, izo kawirikawiri otchulidwa maganizo ake ndi ntchito yaikulu kwambiri.
• Ngakhale mbiri mwachidule Yuriya Karlovicha Oleshi lili ndi mfundo zimene kuchokera maloto kwambiri ubwana kuyenda. Komabe, mu unyamata wake analibe ndalama pochita zimenezi. Kukula ndi sanalembedwe mu mabuku a Kuzindikira zokomera, wolemba sanali kupita kudziko lina, ndipo wakhala nthawizonse akumanidwa mwayi kuti awone dziko ngati kunali kotheka kwa bwenzi lake Ilf. Pakapita nthawi zonse moyo wake (ndi pa nsonga ya kutchuka ndi zaka maganizo) Olesha kwambiri chisoni kuti ndi za izo.