Kusinthidwa mphukira zomera

Mphukira wa zomera amenewo akukantha yosiyanasiyana awo ndi wapadera. Komabe, zinthu zachilengedwe zambiri amafuna kuti anthu a ufumu wa zipangizo zatsopano. Kusinthidwa mphukira amatha kugwira ntchito zina. Motero iwo amapereka viability apamwamba majeremusi.

Kusinthidwa othamanga mobisa

Metamorphosis awa akhoza kukhala pansi kapena mobisa. Kusinthidwa mphukira mobisa ndi ambiri ndipo m'zinenero m'chilengedwe.

Mmodzi wa iwo ndi pomwepo kenaka. Ndipo dzina, ndi maonekedwe izo akufanana ndi mizu. Koma mosiyana ndi thupi mobisa tichipeza internodes elongated ndi mfundo. Mizu pa tsinde ili masamba adventitious kumene ndi isanayambike zinthu zabwino kukula masamba. mfundo The zili ndi mizu adventitious. Elongated yopingasa tsinde ndi mobisa, kumene kusintha kutentha ndi chilala zochepa chikoka pa moyo wa mbewu. kotunga A madzi ndi zakudya kumawonjezera kwambiri mwayi wa kupulumuka chomera chamoyo.

Ambiri anakumana ndi vuto kumene mukufuna kuchotsa zosasangalatsa wheatgrass maluwa kwambiri atachuluka pa chigwa, kapena mbewu zina ndi pomwepo kenaka. Si mophweka. Kusinthidwa mphukira amphamvu, madera awo nthawi zambiri kuchisiya, kupanga mphukira zatsopano. Koma, Mosiyana, luso limeneli kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa vegetative kafalitsidwe zomera.

tuber

Tuber - kusinthidwa kuthawa, amenenso pansi ndi masitolo zakudya. Aliyense ali bwino mbatata tuber zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri chuma. Iwo kudziunjikira yambiri wowuma.

Ena molakwa kuti mutated zipatso kuthawa. Ndipotu, zipatso mbatata anapanga pa mphukira pamwamba-pansi pambuyo maluwa. Tuber ndi unakhuthala tsinde ndi masamba apical ndi lateral - maso. Germinating, maso kupanga mphukira.

Elongated oblong ndi ephemeral mphukira amatchedwanso stolons.

Zomera monga crocus ndi Gladiolus ndi corms - thunthu unakhuthala ndi mizu adventitious. Kumatetezera mkati zili corms wosanjikiza wa masamba akufa.

babu

Anyezi, adyo, kakombo ndi tulip ndi kusinthidwa osiyana - anyezi. Pa phesi lathyathyathya otchedwa Donets, pali masamba. Pakati pawo zikukwaniritsidwa mitundu yambiri ya masamba lonse-ngati. Ena a iwo ndi wakuda ndi minofu. Iwo kusunga madzi ndi zakudya, kupereka zomera. Pamwamba pa filmy awo kuteteza masamba youma. Kuyambira masamba matalala kukula pa Donets, achinyamata masamba anyezi, otchedwa anyezi wobiriwira. Mababu komanso ndi khalidwe la steppe woyendera nthambi chilengedwe cha zomera. Mu nyengo yozizira chisanu pang'ono ndi otentha youma yotentha kusinthidwa izi mozindikira chomera pansi m'njira kupulumuka nthawi yovuta.

Pamwamba-kuuluka mphukira kusinthidwa

Kusinthidwa mbewu mphukira akhoza kupezeka pamwamba pansi. Choncho, pa nthambi za hawthorn ndi blackthorn ndi minga - adzafupikitsidwa ndi kusinthidwa mphukira lignified. Iwo amakhala nthambi ndi tapering phesi, molondola kuteteza eni kuti kudyedwa ndi nyama. Zomera ndi minga ndi zokoma, yowutsa mudyo zipatso ndi mtundu owala, choncho ndi kuiteteza m'pofunika kwambiri.

Strawberries ndi sitiroberi ndi chipangizo zina Wofalitsa vegetative - akuwombera elongated masharubu. Iwo anakonza nthaka, kupanga mtengo watsopano.

Masharubu ayenera Musasokonezeke ndi mphesa masharubu. Iwo ndi magwiridwe chosiyana. Ndi zomera tinyanga yakwera thandizo, kutenga yabwino kwambiri malo ake dzuwa. Kakonzedwe kotero ndi mmene dzungu, nkhaka, vembe.

Zosintha akuwombera kwa kukula

Malinga kukula zinthu mphukira akhoza kusinthidwa. Mu zake ndi zomera herbaceous ndi zimayambira pa chilili ambiri, kwa dzuwa. Zokwawa, ndi zokwawa zimayambira akukulira mofulumira, pamphasa padziko zikumera nthaka ndi masamba. Imakhala ndi moyo wotukuka. Zomera ndi lopotana zimayambira otchedwa lianas. Iwo khalidwe la nkhalango zotentha ndi chinyezi kunyanja, ngakhale kawirikawiri ankakumana mu mabacteria kotentha. Pakuti chikukonzekera kuti lianas thandizo ntchito zipangizo zapadera: mbedza, slinging bristles.

Kapangidwe mkati mwa mphukira zosintha

Ngakhale kusiyana kunja, zosintha zosiyanasiyana kusunga mbali zonse za dongosolo mkati. Mwachitsanzo, mbatata tuber, kukhala thicker tsinde, TACHIMATA pa kutumphuka pamwamba. Ndi zimenezo, ife kuyeretsa kuchokera pamene ukuchoka mbatata. Pa gawo kotenga ya tuber ndi kuoneka bwino mdima gulu - nkhuni. Koma pa pakati, lotayirira minofu vutoli, mwachangu kulephereka zakudya yopuma.

Ngati tubers kwa nthawi yaitali kusiya kuwala, iwo amayamba kutembenukira wobiriwira. Izi zikusonyeza kuti colorless plastids leucoplasts, amene kudziunjikira wowuma, m'kuunika kuwasandutsa plastids wobiriwira chloroplasts. mankhwala sayenera kudyedwa chifukwa muli poyizoni alkaloid solanine kwa thupi, kuchititsa poizoni.

Nchito kusinthidwa mphukira

Izo kusinthidwa mphukira ali ndi udindo kupulumuka kwa zomera m'mikhalidwe yovuta. M'matangadza zakudya wapatali, amalola zomera kupulumuka mu nthawi ya chilala. Biennials ndi perennials kupulumuka zikomo yekha kukhalapo kwa mababu ndi rhizomes. masamba, wosawoneka padziko m'chaka ndi kukula onse chilimwe, ndi isanayambike yophukira ozizira kufa. Koma mbali mobisa wa moyo, ndi kudya kufufuza unakhuthala zimayambira. Mkubwela kwa kukula kutentha mbewu tikupitiriza kachiwiri.

zosintha ambiri akuthawira kwa kafalitsidwe vegetative, kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha zomera mwamsanga mokwanira. Mbali imeneyi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa munthu ulimi.

Chiyambi cha duwa

Flower - kusinthidwa kuthawa. Kutsimikizira mfundo imeneyi lophweka. Akufotokozera ku apadera masamba zobereka. mbali khalidwe la gawo ili la mphukira afika kuchita ntchito zofunika kwambiri zina - ya kubereka ya zomera. Chifukwa chaichi ndipo akufunika maluwa. Kuthawa kusinthidwa kwambiri adzafupikitsidwa poyerekeza ndi zimayambira wamba. Mbali yaikulu ndi stamen ndi pistil, amene ali nyongolosi maselo - umuna ndi dzira motero. mitundu yowala wa maluŵa chofunika kukopa mungu tizilombo. maluwa ang'onoang'ono pamodzi gulu - inflorescence. Choncho nthawi zambiri zooneka, ndi kununkhira awo kufalikira wamphamvu.

Pambuyo kubereketsa zomera ndiponso umuna pamalo maluwa anapanga mwana wosabadwayo. Amakhala ndi mbewu ndi pericarp. Mbeu kungadzutse mbewu yatsopano, ndi pericarp chakudya ndi umafunda iwo.

Komanso, maluwa - ndi mphukira kusinthidwa, limene kwa zaka amapatsa anthu zosangalatsa zokongoletsa, olemba ndakatulo mantha ndi oimba.

Kusinthidwa mphukira ndi imodzi mwa zipangizo waukulu wa zomera apamwamba kwa zinthu zachilengedwe. Mu ndondomeko ya kusanduka iwo amaoneka kusintha viability wa zamoyo mbewu poyerekezera zosowa zatsopano mu zinthu zimene zimasinthasintha wa moyo.