Anthu a kum'mawa kwa Ulaya. Kufotokoza mwa chidule za mayiko yaikulu m'chigawo

Europe - mbali ya dziko ili kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi ndi jenereta ndi Asia Africa Europe ndi ku Asia. Pa gawo yake kuboma limati 46 5 yosadziwika. Mwambo kugawanitsa Europe m'magulu anayi: East, West, North ndi South. Mwachidule za anthu a kum'mawa kwa Ulaya ndi maiko kupanga izo, Adzaperekedwa ku maganizo anu pa.

Makhalidwe a kum'mawa kwa Ulaya

Pa chitukuko cha kum'mawa kwa Ulaya ndi amphamvu kwambiri motengera malo Hrs a kuwunika. Mbiri yakale, m'dera la nkhaniyi pa mphambano ya awiri chikumenyana magulu. Mzaka 100 zapitazi, maphunziro a limati European zasintha kangapo. M'mayiko ena zinafa, ena anaonekera. Zonsezi zimachititsa ali amatipeza kumanzere zipsera pa chuma ndi ndale.

Kum'mawa ku Ulaya ndi mlingo wa chitukuko chuma poyerekeza kuti wawo kumadzulo "anansi." Komabe, pamene mayiko yodziwika ndi mkulu mlingo Pawokha mitundu ndi chikhalidwe. Chiwerengero cha kum'mawa ku Ulaya anthu oposa 135.

Eastern Europe

Geographers yetsapo mzere kulekanitsa kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, pa malire a limati Asilavo, motero n'chinthu chofunikira kum'mawa kwa Ulaya ndi Asilavo. Koma pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, United Nations msonkhano kumalire latsopano m'chigawo, chimene mbali ya kum'mawa kwa Ulaya akuphatikizapo mayiko 9 ndi gawo la Russia.

Mayiko a kum'mawa ku Ulaya:

1. Ukraine.
2. Poland.
3. Czech Republic.
4. Romania.
5. Belarus.
6. Hungary.
7. Bulgaria.
8. Slovakia.
9. Moldova.

Chiwerengero cha anthu a kum'mawa kwa Ulaya mukudziwa kale. Ambiri mwa anthu wambiri Ukraine ndi Poland. The kachulukidwe pafupifupi alionse ku Eastern Europe - anthu 30 pa kilometre lalikulu.

Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, mayiko onse amene ali pamwambawa, njira imodzi kapena wina atamwa Soviet Union, mu Kwenikweni, anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri kulanda malire a dera. Wa mayiko onse a kum'mawa kwa Ulaya ndi atatu okha omwe si Asilavo - ndi Romania, Hungary ndi Moldova.

Pafupifupi maiko onse a kum'mawa kwa Ulaya mukuvutika ndi kusowa kwa mchere, ngakhale dera lonse si chuma osauka. Ngakhale kuti pali Akufunika kuti "incompleteness" chuma (m'mayiko onsewa m'matangadza lalikulu chimodzi kapena ziwiri chuma mchere ndi Palibe mwamtheradi zina). Musapereke kubweretsa vutoli yovuta chuma ambiri polumikizira njirazo kuti kudutsa m'derali, ndi malonda yogwira pakati pa maiko awiri.

Limati okha ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi mzake kukula, anthu, kakhalidwe ka moyo, chilengedwe ndi zina zotero. D. Pezani chithunzi chooneka bwino cha m'derali, kuganizira okha ena a iwo, sikutheka.

Czech Republic

Czech Republic - ndi dziko laling'ono ndi anthu a anthu 11 miliyoni (7% ya chiwerengero cha Eastern Europe). chiwerengero pafupifupi zikutsatiridwa pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri. Post-nkhondo pachimake cha anthu Czech Republic anafikira mu 1991, pamene panali azilandira kuchepa kwa chiwerengero.

Popeza 2006, anthu a boma ndi pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka, makamaka chifukwa anthu ochokera ku Soviet Union. Chakumapeto 2008 Mwachitsanzo, mu Czech Republic mwalamulo anakhalako zaka pafupifupi 500 zikwi. Alendo. Ambiri a iwo anali ochokera Ukraine (31%), Slovakia (17%), komanso Poland, Russia ndi Vietnam. Vietnamese (13%), Russian (6%), mitengo (5%) ndi German (4%). Otsala 24% - m'mayiko ena.

Mbali yaikulu ya anthu - 70% - achinyamata ndi anthu okhwima zaka 25 mpaka 50, 13% ndi ana osakwana zaka 15, ena alionse - 16% - achikulire. The koyefishienti wa okwana zaziwerengero katundu kwa Czech Republic ndi 42,4%. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chiwerengero cha nzika wamphamvu pafupifupi kawiri chiwerengero cha anthu amene ali, kapena salinso kugwira ntchito ndi kudzisamalira paokha. Katundu khanda (chiŵerengero chiwerengero cha ana osaposa mmodzi wamkulu zaka 15) wofanana 19% ya penshioni ya (chiŵerengero chiwerengero cha pensioners mu nzika wamphamvu) - 23%.

zikuchokera National wa Czech Republic pa 95% ukufanizidwa ndi Czechs yosiyanasiyana. Izi zikuphatikizapo mwachindunji Czechs (81.3%), komanso anthu ku Silesia ndi Moravia (13.7%).

Poland

Poland ndi dziko achipembedzo kwambiri, osati dera komanso mu Europe. Kwa anthu mamiliyoni 39 (omwe ndi 29% ya anthu, ndiwo anthu a kum'mawa kwa Ulaya), 85% ali Roma Katolika. Ngati Czech Republic, Poland imatengedwa kukhala wokongola kwambiri kwa alendo. Kukopa apaulendo zotchipa, ambiri nyumba zakale ndi zakudya zokoma.

Mu zaka za m'ma otsiriza, Poland ankakumana nazo kwambiri kuchepa zachuma, zomwe zimakhudza khalidwe la moyo wa anthu. Komabe, pambuyo kugwirizana United Nations ndi kusintha ikuchitika 90s wa, boma anayamba chitunda mofulumira. Pa nthawi Poland ndi limodzi la mayiko kukula yachangu mu Europe. Chimakopa ambiri ogwira ntchito amene anapita kukagwira ku Ukraine.

Chiwerengero cha Poland sakuyenda kuyambira inalowa dziko la ku European Union. chifukwa panali misa kusamuka kwa ntchito anthu m'badwo wa maiko otukuka (nthawi) boma. Chifukwa, utachepa mlingo chonde, pakhala pali kuchepa pachaka anthu, ngakhale ang'ono (-0.06).

Koma zikuchokera dziko, Poland ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu limati rekodi-mafuko a dziko. 97% ya anthu amadziona Zitsulo m'mayiko ena ankaimira Roma, Germany, Chiyukireniya ndi Belarusians.

Romania

Romania - mayiko olemera ndi chuma osauka. Kutsindika chachikulu chuma, boma zimapangitsa mafuta (omwe ali pano mu kuchuluka) ndi apamwamba fakitale zida. Pafupifupi 60% ya chiwerengero - nzika wamphamvu. Awa, 40% ntchito mu gawo utumiki, 30% - mu ulimi, ndi chimodzimodzi mu gawo mafakitale.

Mu Romania lero anati kuchepa anthu. Chifukwa chachikulu zachilengedwe zoipa zaziwerengero ankaona zosamukasamuka outflow. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1991, kuchepa kwa anthu (kusamuka) nkhani 18%, mu 2001 - 25%, ndipo mu 2007, pambuyo inalowa dziko la ku European Union - 22%. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kusamuka imfa mwanjira ataphimbidwa ndi anthu ochokera Moldova, amene massively anafika ku Romania kutipatsa dziko. Komabe, ndi 2013th wa dziko salandira zachilengedwe kusamuka kuwonjezeka.

Ukraine

Ukraine - mafakitale-agrarian dziko, pamene anthu oposa 40 miliyoni. Twentieth Century dziko anakumana ndi mitengo apamwamba a kuchuluka kwa anthu mu Europe. Pa mphamvu mmene iye m'tsogolo Choyamba ndi Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, Civil nkhondo, kugwa kwa Soviet Union ndi ndale, yomwe inayamba mu 2014, sanali anamaliza mpaka tsopano. Vuto anthu si zabwino.

Hungary

Hungary - ndi dziko laling'ono ndi chuma mofulumira osauka. Waukulu cholinga boma akuchita pa luso lopanga ndi mafakitale. Chiwerengero cha 2013 chinali 9 miliyoni. chiwerengero cha nzika ndi pang'ono ayamba ngakhale pali zoipa zachilengedwe kuwonjezeka.

Mphamvu rekodi-mitundu anthu ndi osiyana, chifukwa ambiri okhala ndi Hungarians. manambala yofunika kwambiri moyo Chihangare anthu ndi maiko ake oyandikana.

Bulgaria

Bulgaria - ndi dziko laling'ono ndi chuma ofooka, anthu pang'ono kuposa 7 miliyoni (5% ya chiwerengero cha Eastern Europe). chuma Bulgaria a wakhala mphindi zambiri zochititsa chidwi ndipo nthawi ndi ikuchepa. Dziko lili ndi nkhokwe ya malasha ndi mafuta, ambiri, chuma zikusoŵa kwambiri. Bulgaria zimapangitsa chikulupiliro pakuBadizidwa ulimi (makamaka fodya ndi vinyo).

Koma ambiri amakhala m'madera a m'tawuni, ngakhale chiwerengero cha anthu m'tauni kale anakula pang'onopang'ono. Nambala maganizo nzika ntchito mu gawo utumiki, pang'ono pokha - mu gawo mafakitale. % 10 Only alionse chinkhoswe mu ulimi.

Slovakia

Slovakia - ndi dziko laling'ono ndi anthu a anthu 5 miliyoni okha (za 4% a ku Ulaya South-East). dziko imatengedwa kuti ndi zambiri otukuka. mitengo khola la chitukuko cha boma zimaonekera anthu - kukula kugunda chibadwidwe 2016, mwachitsanzo, anakwana anthu 5.2 zikwi ..

Komanso , dziko ndi osiyana, ndipo zikuchokera national: ku Slovakia kwa zigawo zoposa 15 ndi mkulu wa ndende anthu Chihangare, ndi Chirasha nzika moyo makamaka mu dera Prešov. Slovaks amapanga 85% ya anthu, mitundu ina awa akuimira mitundu:

• Hungary (10%);
• Roma (2%);
• Czechs (0.8%);
• Russian ndi Ukraine (0.6%);
• mitundu ina (1.4%).

Moldova

Moldova - Dziko ndi chiwerengero wotsikitsitsa mu Europe. Malinga ndi ziwerengero atsopano, ndi kunyumba kwa anthu oposa 3 miliyoni. Ndi 2 okha% ya anthu a kum'mawa kwa Ulaya. Komabe, m'dziko lino kwambiri anthu kachulukidwe. Ndi anthu 131 pa kilometre lalikulu. Ichi ndi osalimba waukulu anthu a kum'mawa kwa Ulaya.

chiwerengero cha nzika yafupika kuyambira nineties lapansi. Ngakhale, malinga ndi ziwerengero 15 kwa 12 anabadwa akufa. chiwerengero cha anthu a Moldova amachepetsa chifukwa kusamuka - anthu ambiri amasankha kuchita mwayi zawo kunja.

chuma ndi ofooka kwambiri mu dziko, yomwenso chachikulu pa ulimi, kumene unatenga mbali yaikulu ya anthu (65%). Mchere mu boma pali pang'ono, kotero kuti chuma ndi ogulitsa makamaka m'mayiko oyandikana nawo. Ngakhale ambiri zokopa, zokopa alendo ndi underdeveloped.

Belarus

Belarus - Dziko la kukula sing'anga ndi anthu a anthu 10 miliyoni. Mphamvu chuma inamangidwa pa maziko lathu chikhalidwe. amatsimikiza makampani kuwala, ulimi ndi zomangamanga.

Population wa dziko panopa waima pa anthu miliyoni 9,5. chiwerengero cha imfa kuposa chiwerengero cha ana obadwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Chiwerengero cha Belarus chakhala anakana kuyambira 1993. Mbali yaikulu ya anthu ankakhala m'madera a m'tawuni (67%), lero chithunzi ichi ngakhale apamwamba - 76%.

Wapakati moyo amayembekezeka dziko ndi zaka 72. Izi ndi apamwamba kuposa loyandikana Russia ndi Ukraine, koma ochepa kwambiri kuposa mayiko a ku Ulaya.