Kwachabechabe wa zinthu malamulo a boma: lingaliro ndi zilembo

Zochita polimbana criminalization zinthu zamakono ayamba amachita malo yokhala ankaona chigawenga, koma kusiyana kwa khalidwe chigawenga zoletsedwa mu chikhalidwe. Chifukwa cha ichi, lero, ndi kuli malamulo olephera ndi zokhudza tanthauzo la mfundo n'kosaloleka malire a zofunika kwambiri. Pa nkhani imeneyi, onse maganizo kwambiri mwamsanga kwachabechabe kuchita. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri.

Wachifwamba malamulo tanthauzo la kwachabechabe mchitidwe

Pa nthawi, chodabwitsa akhala limodzi siyana zovuta kwambiri kumvetsa. Padakali malamulo sasamalira tanthauzo bwino. Kwachabechabe wa zinthu malamulo a boma chafotokozedwa ku malo a chodabwitsa paradoxical pansi kufufuza. Malamulo palibe tanthauzo la chikhalidwe chake. Palibe momveka mu kutanthauzira mwa zinthu zimene anapereka kwachabechabe pa kuchitako mu malamulo a boma. Komanso, palibe amafotokozera Plenum dzuwa. Komabe, asayansi maphunziro awo kugwiritsa ntchito kwa gulu ili, kuganizira chokhumudwitsa mu malamulo a boma, kutenga nkhani zingapo muyezo. Izi makamaka monga kuopseza anthu. Phunziro mu nkhani iyi timakumana ndi mavuto amene amayamba ndi zochita oletsedwa wa chilli khalidwe. Phunziro lino cholinga chake makamaka kudziwa mavuto a malumikizanidwe wa siyana alipo cha zokhumudwitsa. Makamaka, tikulankhula za zolakwa utsogoleri ndi milandu. Motero, kuphunzira zimenezi si lolunjika pa kusanthula mozama chodabwitsa monga gulu osiyana.

Limatchula za kamangidwe

ayenera loyamba la onse kuti theorists kwambiri kutsatira mawu akuti "kwachabechabe pa kuchitako." Komabe, mawu m'mabuku malamulo ena kukayikira. Ichi ndi chifukwa limatchula mawu akuti "kuchita". Izo zikhoza kuonedwa monga muyezo kuvomerezedwa cholinga cha zikuchokera, ndipo monga khalidwe la makhalidwe oletsedwa wonse. Zimenezi anayambitsanso ambiguity mu terminological makampani zida. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ena milandu ndi n'kosathandiza. Mwachitsanzo, Art. 8 wa Code. Anapeza kuti maziko a udindo chigawenga - khalidwe limene lili zinthu za vutolo. Monga ulamuliro, ndi illogic wa chiphunzitso ichi samapereka tcheru. Komabe, mchitidwewo akutumikira monga umboni wa cholinga cha upandu. Tidziwanso kuti khalidwe limodzi la chimodzi cha chodabwitsa lonse mwina sanaphatikize nthawi yomweyo katundu onse a zinthu zonse. Vutoli anali akufuna kulola kugwiritsa ntchito mawu awiri pa nthawi yomweyo mu kapangidwe wina. Choncho, kuganizira ena kuyenera kukhala phunziro kwa kwachabechabe Macitidwe ndi ziwawa.

khalidwe

Malinga ndi ena olemba, ntchito osakaniza ndi kwachabechabe ndi maganizo ntchito Zikuoneka kuti sizolondola. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti yotsirizira akuti zikusonyeza ntchito za nkhaniyi. Komabe, khalidwe la munthu, ankaona kulingana ndi wotsika, tingasonyezere ndi kuonera. Pa nkhani imeneyi, iwo ankakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "khalidwe" mu kamangidwe, popeza kuti kusanthula mu ayenerere.

mbali maganizo

Ambiri kuwerenga maganizo akuti "khalidwe" amaliona ngati mogwirizana ndi chilengedwe, amagwera anthu onse moyo ndi mkhalapakati kunja (galimoto) ndi maganizo (mkati) ntchito. Choyamba Choncho zikuphatikizapo munthawi ya kulephera kuyenda. Khalidwe la munthu lili ndi maziko achilengedwe. Pa nthawi yomweyo ndi zifukwa chikhalidwe zotsimikizika. Mu maganizo, makhalidwe anthu a anthu limanenedwa ngati kusintha kwa boma mkati mwa chinthu ndi chidwi. Iwo anafotokoza zochita kunja ndikuoneka a dongosolo limene nkhani kuzindikira zolinga. Khalidwe, motero limaphatikizapo onse udakali chabe zimasonyeza wa chifuniro. tanthauzo Izi zimathandiza kudziwa zochita za munthu, ndi kuchokera mkati ndipo kuchokera kunja. Khalidwe chimakwirira nkhani, chinthu, cholinga ndi mbali zotengera malingaliridwe. Izi ndi kumvetsetsa gulu zokwanira. Iwo amayamba ndi chakuti chinthu anakhazikitsa muyezo chifukwa chopanda kusanthula kudzipatula angapo.

zolimbana mchitidwe

Ngakhale chinyezimiro mwachilungamo wabwino wa akamanena za gulu, mawu akuti "khalidwe" ndi losadziwika ngati chigawenga malamulo tanthauzo. Mu lamulo zina mawu ndi amodzi, gawo la dongosolo la. Kwachabechabe ali pamodzi ndi mawu akuti "kuchita". iwowa ali ngati mbali imodzi ya zochitika, ndi chifukwa cha kusonyezedwa chabe ndi akuchitachita.

i mosavomerezeka ananyamuka

Zizindikiro ndi wotsika pa kuchitako angapezeke mu Art. 14 wa Code. Mu gawo loyamba la tanthauzo la magawo waukulu anapereka mafakitale. Imakamba za ngozi poyera kulakwa, ndi Code zoletsedwa chilango. Pankhaniyi, malamulo amapereka patsogolo zakuthupi ndi tanthauzo ofunda. Mu chitukuko cha mbali iyi mu gawo lachiwiri la akonzedwa ndi ena mwaiwala zimene malamulo ambiri. Limati zochita amene saona milandu. Yokhala zili muyezo wa zikuchokera malingana code. Koma kuopseza chikhalidwe iwo apanga chifukwa chakuti pali kwachabechabe pa kuchitako. Wa Code Wachifwamba mu nkhani iyi akufotokoza makhalidwe paradoxical wa lobadwa lapansi. Pa dzanja limodzi, pali mfundo zonse kuchita n'kosaloleka wa nkhaniyi. Pa malo ena - palibe ngozi anthu.

Kutanthauzira A. N. Soloveva

Mlembi akumufunsira kuti ponseponse mu kutanthauzira yosiyaniranapo. Makamaka, iye amakhulupirira kuti upandu sizidzakhala zazing'ono kukhumudwa, khalidwe, ngakhale yokhala zikuphatikizapo ya makhalidwe a zikuchokera makamaka, mogwirizana ndi Code, koma chifukwa cha kusowa kapena pang'ono kuopseza mlingo si lidzafika kuti ndi chibadidwe upandu. Mu chiphunzitso ichi, zolakwa methodological ali wapezeka. Mu malo oyamba mankhwalawa kutanganidwa causal kugwirizana. Malinga ndi tanthauzo limeneli amapereka kuganiza kuti otsika kapena ayi kuopseza ndi upandu zazing'ono, koma osati mosemphanitsa. Ndiponso, popanda kulankhula za khalidwe Kodi sangafikire mwachindunji mlingo. The chakuti kale ndi zoopsa chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe. Zolakwika zimenezi wapezeka mu tanthauzo la woyambitsa akamanena za chodabwitsa lapansi. Malinga Solovyov, zolakwa zazing'ono - ndi umoyo malamulo khalidwe khalidwe ina. Izo zimanyezimiritsa khalidwe zinchito, mmene mchitidwe wa msinkhu kuopseza kupanga khalidwe zikuchokera pansi Code popanda kufika pati kuti matenda a chibadidwe n'kosaloleka.

maganizo ena

Malinga NM Yakimenko, opambana kwambiri ndi chiphunzitso cha mlandu kuti kukhala kuchita, osati kuopseza chifukwa chopanda ake, amene nawonso, anatsimikiza chifukwa amaganizira chikhalidwe, njira, chinthu kuukira, amajambulapo maluwa okongola okhutira, zotsatira, kuchuluka kwa kupalamula, mipherezero wopalamulayo. A kutanthauzira yosiyana ya Bazarov. Mu maganizo ake, upandu kuti kukhala kuchita zomwe, ngakhale lili ndi makhalidwe mwamwambo chabe zikuchokera kutchulidwa Code, koma chifukwa cha kuopseza yaing'ono chikhalidwe ndi zonyozeka. More tanthauzo kukodzedwa anapatsidwa Zawidow ndi Borbat. Mu lingaliro lawo, upandu si khalidwe, yokhala munali i kuti achite chilichonse chosemphana anapereka chifukwa Code, koma chifukwa chopanda ake si angabweretse zambiri vuto, kuti popanda kuchititsa awiri ndipo alibe kupanga kuopseza kwake kwa munthu, anthu ndi boma.

Features Ofunika

Mwachidule, Ndizachidziwikire kuti i zimene anatsimikiza ndi kwachabechabe pa kuchitako, motere:

1. Ofunda wrongfulness. Khalidwe la nkhaniyi Payenera kukhala zizindikiro za zikuchokera malingana ndi Code. The kopanda apa si chizindikiro cha muyezo, ndi kufanana.
2. ngozi mwina anthu. Ankaona gulu silikuphatikiza kuopseza anthu mu utumiki. Ndipotu kwachabechabe khalidwe chololera kuti zosaloledwa. Komabe, zotsatira chichitike. Mwachitsanzo, mwina zonyozeka zoipa thanzi, chuma ndi zina reparable imfa.
3. Kupanda chikhalidwe ndi opindulitsa, ndale ndi kupepesa khalidwe kuchita. Mosiyana ndi zinthu amatchulidwa mu Art. 8 zochita osati yodziwika zofunikira. Pa nthawi yomweyo sitingathe kunena za kuvomereza kapena lagamula, pardonable, ndale chilli khalidwe la mlandu / akuganiza. Si analimbikitsa ndi Si mwa lamulo, koma si chokwanira kuti chingadzetse phunziro kwa udindo.
4. Kafukufuku gulu. Funso wa kwachabechabe chimodzi kapena winanso khalidwe - vuto zoona. Ndi udindo wa wapolisiyo, ndi bwalo, wapolisiyo, wozenga mlandu. Nthaŵi iliyonse munthu payekha ovomerezeka amaweruza kuwonongeka ndi zina yoona. Kuchokera pa chilungamo mwini anakonza linanena bungwe yoyenera. Chifukwa cha khalidwe ndi lasankha chigawenga kapena osafunika.
5. Dala. Only pamene lilipo, mukhoza kuzindikira kwachabechabe pa kuchitako. Cholinga Pankhaniyi akhale mozungulira ndi mwachindunji. Komabe, mu Mulimonsemo, adzakhala osapita m'mbali kwambiri. chikhalidwe Non-zenizeni za cholinga ikuti ziyeneretso za khalidwe ndi zotsatira zake (imachitika kuwonongeka ziyenera). M'pofunikanso kukhazikitsa cholinga ndi malangizo.
6. Kupatulapo upandu. Irrelevance Makhalidwe sasamalira ndi mawonetseredwe wamkulu kuopseza chifuniro nkhani ya. Choncho, lilibe ndi malamulo chigawenga. Komabe inathetsedwa mu nkhani iyi yokha chikhalidwe chenicheni cha makhalidwe oletsedwa. Yokhala Komabe, ikhala oletsedwa. Osati zenizeni kwa criminalization zochita pa nkhani sachitira umboni anasonyeza makhalidwe wofunika kwa zochita si zigawenga.

Popeza pamwamba, tikhoza zopanga tanthauzo zowombetsa mkota wa gulu. Kwachabechabe chochita zinthu, choncho ndi chuma yokhala n'kosaloleka, mwadala, palibe kusiyana zothandiza chikhalidwe excusable ndi ndale khalidwe khalidwe si loopsa lalikulu. Iwo waikidwa ndi nkhani mwapadera ovomerezeka malinga ndi mikhalidwe a chochitika. anthu odziŵa, makamaka, kuphunzira khalidwe la lobadwa (choipa munthu, katundu, mbiri, etc.).

Terms kwachabechabe kuzindikira

Part 2 tbsp. 14 wa Code Wachifwamba amakhazikitsa ndipo akufotokozera makhalidwe chikhalidwe cha upandu. Makamaka limati pansi gulu simukhala zochita khalidwe, yokhala kuphatikizapo i kwa nyimbo imene ili mu Code, koma musati loopsa kwambiri. Pofuna kuzindikira kwachabechabe zizichitidwa nthawi yomweyo zinthu ziwiri:

1. Khalidwe angagwe pansi nkhani chigawenga. Izo ndiye n'zotheka kudziwa i kunja kwa malamulo.
2. Khalidwe la nkhani sayenera ngozi anthu. Kawirikawiri si chifukwa chakuti zomvetsa ku lobadwa zimene womvetsa chisoni.

Nthawi zambiri ena kuwonongeka, ena asocial zimachitika zosayenela zonyozeka. Koma iwo siinafike munthuyo ndi zoipa, chilango, boma, utsogoleri digiri ya blameworthiness. Pa nkhani imeneyi, pamene osati potenga mlanduwu kukhoti chifukwa immateriality kapena wapolisiyo adzakhala kuganizira ndikukhazikitsa ndi udindo.

Chofunikanso

Iwo akhoza kukhala zonyozeka kuchita zimene pamaso pa makhalidwe a upandu kugwirizana ndi imfa ya zoona, koma sanabwere. Irrelevance ayenera kukhala zotengera malingaliridwe ndi cholinga. Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthuyo amafuna kuti asachite zinthu zonyozeka, osati chochitika kwachitika zifukwa kuzisintha wake. Mu nkhani ya divergence kukhazikitsa lenileni ndi cholinga cha phunziro pali udindo ankafuna kanthu n'kosaloleka kuti akufuna kuchita. No kwachabechabe pa nkhani ya kuchita ndi cholinga mwachindunji. Ndi, makamaka, khalidwe limene lobadwa anali anaoneratu namfunsa yatsoka zotheka options oipa a munthu. Pamenepo adadzanso udindo kuwonongeka chifukwa kwenikweni. Koma mu nkhani iyi, kuchotsedwa mlanduwo chifukwa immateriality sati amutsatire.

ulamuliro zolimbana

Ndi zosiyanasiyana malamulo lolamulira khalidwe la anthu, mwa iwo otchedwa luso malamulo anthu. Iwo motsatira malamulo, koma angakhale m'gulu malamulo zokhudza pamene chidwi anthu. Nthawi imeneyi, kupereka kutumikira monga malamulo oletsa malamulo. Malinga makampani, amene motsatira kachitidwe wrongful, izo zikanakhoza kukhala boma, zigawenga ndi boma. Gulu yamasika ofanana ndi wachiwiri. Komabe, machimo utsogoleri yodziwika ndi mlingo m'munsi mwa ngozi ndipo, chotero, ena udindo pa chikhalidwe.

Limatchula za kukhazikitsidwa

Kwachabechabe chochita zinthu anatsimikiza osati malinga ndi muyezo zili Article macheza. 14 hours. 2 Code. Pamene amaona anakhazikitsa mwamphamvu makhalidwe zotengera malingaliridwe ndi cholinga cha khalidwe ambiri. Komabe, tiyenera kukumbukira, ndi zizindikiro za kulumikiza pafupi ndi chinthu mwachindunji za upandu. Zidzakhala zofunika koposa, makhalidwe zochepa kutchulidwa adzalandira. Tiyeneranso adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti zochita khalidwe, ndi nyimbo zimene anapanga mtundu chuma, kuti patsogolo kudziŵa kwachabechabe kupita exponents kuopseza anthu. Pamene chintchito kapena truncated ofunda kapangidwe patsogolo wapatsidwa mwamphamvu ake. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti zikuchokera zinthu zowonongeka kawirikawiri amakhala akuti mwachilungamo yeniyeni, kutanthauza izo kwabasi. Mu nyimbo ofunda nthawi zambiri wakhala undetermined khalidwe. Zimenezi, amalenga mavuto pochimanga.

lozungulira encroachments

malamulo lilibe mndandanda wa zinthu zomwe akhoza anaona zonyozeka nthaŵi zina. Tanthauzo ambiri Cigawo Art. 14 wa Code imakhudzanso magawo onse a khalidwe loipa. Koma kuti kuzindikira mchitidwewo Mwachitsanzo, yokhala akugwa pansi pa specifications felony zonyozeka koma palibe imfa siudzalandilidwa ngathi lamulo ntchito chinthu, payenera kukhala zinthu zina. zikachitika, makamaka kuyikapo irrelevance a mbali cholinga (kawirikawiri izo zangokhala pokonzekera ntchito kuchita ndi oletsedwa), ndikachita nawo kapena nkhani ya kupalamula kulakwila, ndi zina zotero.

Pomaliza

Kwachabechabe amachita motero zikutanthauza kuti kusonyezedwa, opita ku chinthu choterocho kuti ikukhudzana bwanji ndi mmene kakang'ono ndipo angachititse imfa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ndi bwino wofunika kwa yokonza zolakwa anachita kanthu kalikonse kotengedwa chikhalidwe. Ambiri, cholinga mlandu ayenera anatumiza mwachindunji kugwiritsa mchitidwe zazing'ono khalidwe. Kukhazikitsa mfundo imeneyi, ganizirani zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Chinthu chachikulu mokomera mu nkhani iyi, mlingo wa khalidwe pangozi kwa munthu wina, anthu ndi boma. Pamene kukhazikitsa kwachabechabe applicable gawo 2 tbsp. 14 wa Code. Kuthi anali kutsazikana chifukwa pakalibe corpus nkhani za upandu chigawenga. Pankhaniyi, wozunzidwayo yekha kuti ndilengeze kwa kwachabechabe wa mchitidwe wa mlandu. Komabe, iko kuyenera kubwera kwa iye mwaufulu, popanda mayesero alionse. Ndipo mu nkhani iyi, ngakhale mawu a wovulalayo, chosankha komaliza za kwachabechabe kapena zochita chigawenga adzakhala analandira mwa ulamuliro woyenera. Kukhazikitsidwa ndi wotsika Komabe, sizikutanthauza asandilembe udindo pa malamulo. Act ponena mu nkhani iyi si ankachitira ngati chigawenga, koma akhale nyimbo nkhani ming'alu anatchula zizindikiro zina. Makamaka, chitadutsa kwa gulu loyang'anira chigawenga. Kwachabechabe likukhudza basi kuchita pansi pa chilango Code. Nthawi zina, zotsatira za ziletso zina ponseponse kumabungwe ena. Nthawi zambiri, sangathe kupewa udindo mlandu munthu. Ngakhale kuzindikira kwachabechabe khalidwe lake chilango sadzakhala aakulu monga pansi pa Code Wachifwamba.