Mbiri chinenero cha Russian. Kuphunzira mbiri ya chinenero

Galamala mwina oyamba pa chinenero cha sayansi, chiyambi chake kugona mu Indian zakale philologists. Mawu amenewa anali ntchito ku Greece m'lingaliro mwambo amaphunzira malamulo a kulemba ndi kuwerenga. Ndi miyambo awiriwa ali chiyambi chake monga European, ndi Russian galamala.

Galamala - gawo la zilankhulo

Mbiri chinenero cha Russian - ichi kagawo wamba galamala, ndi phunziro la ndilo teksto- ndi mawu mapangidwe, mwachitsanzo mbali ofunda chinenero. Limaonekera kale kwa mutu, uyu ndi gawo la zilankhulo, ndi udindo ntchito zolondola chinenero kulankhula ndi kulemba. Choncho, opangidwa kuchokera amenewa ndi mawu monga "woyenera" ndi "hayala" amene semantically zokhudzana kalatayo, mawu oyenera.

Galamala amakhazikitsa kugwirizana pakati pa mawu ndi zigawo malankhulidwe ndi nthawi mapangidwe mawu ndi yamanga chinenero. Iwo amaphunzira mbali mwamwambo chabe chinenero - galamala ake. Pankhaniyi, chinthu maphunziro ake zimasiyanasiyana morpheme (zing'onozing'ono watanthauzo unit wa chinenero) ndi lemba (waukulu palokha mbali ya chitetezo cha chinenero).

Childs, galamala zikuphatikizapo zigawo ziwiri za zilankhulo: ndi kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe ndi malembedwe. The maphunziro oyamba mawu tanthauzo lake kalembedwe, wachiwiri - kumanga mawu. Komanso, orthoepy, mawu phonetics, zithunzi, kalembedwe ka chinenero Russian ndi yogwirizana galamala, kuphatikizapo mbiri.

Umodzi wa kalembedwe ndi lexical

Musaiwale za kugwirizana limodzi la malamulo ndiponso mawu maonekedwe ochititsa ziganizo. Nthawi zina tanthauzo lexical la mawu Mzimuyo zochititsa kalembedwe, nthawizina - M'malo mwake.

Pakuti galamala mbiri ya palibe kufunika zazing'ono maubwenzi mawu ndi galamala. Mwachitsanzo, Zining'a anapanga ndi ndondomeko lexicalized: mawonekedwe kalembedwe chili mu chinenero osiyana invariable ndi chidwi lexical unit. Grammaticalization M'malo mwake, amanena mawu monga chizindikiro cha kalembedwe, kumasulira mu gulu la affixes ndi mawu wothandiza.

Zitsanzo za mawu osokoneza chinenero cha Chirasha monga chotsatira cha mogwirizana kwa galamala m'mbiri komanso mawu. Osati nthawi zonse mawu atsopano mu chinenero anapanga ndi incrementing mayunitsi: ndi chitukuko cha anthu akhoza zimasintha tanthauzo la mawu ndi kugula mtengo watsopano kapena zina.

Ndi patsogolo mbiri ya chinenero losandulizika, inalamula dongosolo lawo zinthu - dongosolo chimayamba kuonekera ndipo mosavuta. Komabe, kumvetsa izi, muyenera kukhala kumvetsa njira zakale zimene zinachitika ndipo zikuchitika mu chinenero.

Magwero a galamala mbiri

Mbiri chinenero cha Chirasha, ndipo ambiri onse galamala Russian inayambira mu zolemba Mihaila Vasilevicha Lomonosova polimbana ndi Chirasha zimakhalira ndi Asilavo ndi European m'zinenero zina. wasayansi Zokambirana anavomereza galamala monga mwambo wa sayansi. Iwo unafalikira kwa zaka za m'ma XIX ndi amagwirizana ndi mayina monga dzina lake Aleksandr Hristoforovich Vostokov, Izmail Ivanovich Sreznevsky ndi Fodor Ivanovich Buslaev.

"Chiyambi chinenero cha Russian" Valeriya Vasilevicha Ivanova - uyu ndi gawo atsopano a chitukuko cha sayansi chinenero. M'buku lake linasindikizidwa mu 80s Mu zaka zapitazo, ndipo lero imatengedwa chitsogozo odalirika kwa ophunzira kulingalira philological.

phunziro la

Tsopano mbiri galamala - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo za zilankhulo, limene limafotokoza malamulo a kusintha m'mbiri yakale kapangidwe ka chinenero pa mlingo wa phokoso ndi mawu, ndi pa mlingo wa malembedwe zovuta. Kuwonjezera apo, phindu la sayansi ndi kulemba, kuyankhula (chilankhulo) kulankhula. Last ngakhale Pamlingo wamkulu chinathandiza yomanga dongosolo chinenero.

Tatchulawa V. V. Ivanov motsindika kuti galamala mbiri kumanyezimiritsa zazikulu ndondomeko pa nthawi yosintha dongosolo chinenero. Language akufotokozera ndi malamulo komanso malamulo akeake mkati mwa zigawo munthu (phonology, malembedwe, kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe, ndi ena).

Chinenero cha F.I.Buslaeva Russian

Popeza mbiri galamala - nzika anaphunzira ku sukulu ya sekondale, ndi kutchula ntchito yaikulu ndi mabuku pa phunziro ofunika.

"Chiyambi chinenero cha Russian" Fedor Ivanovich Buslaev anali chopereka kwambiri ntchito pa nkhani imeneyi. Ndi chachikulu, iye anali mpainiya njira zilankhulo poyerekeza. Luso njira kuti wolemba ikufotokoza chinenero chi kusinthika, kujambula zinenero ofanana. Ndi chifukwa cha pophatikizana wakale, Chisilavo Chakale ndi zinenero zina Asilavo anapanga masiku zolembalemba ofanana.

Mlembi osati amanga Pantchito za dongosolo kalembedwe ka chinenero, koma amafunsira zimayambitsa awo chiyambi cha mawu. Pakuti Buslaeva mbiri ya chinenero ndi chida pofuna kumvetsa zochitika, amene anazindikira mwa zilankhulo ano kuchotserapo.

Ivanov. Mbiri chinenero cha Russian

Labor Buslaeva kutha mbali ziwiri: woyamba odzipereka kwa phokoso ndiponso mawu, ndi, kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe, wachiwiri - ndi malembedwe. Choncho, chiwerengero cha mbali ya buku limafanana ndi chiwerengero cha nkhani ya galamala.

A dongosolo osiyana ali ndi phindu la zilankhulo Soviet V. V. Ivanova, cholinga kwa ophunzira-philologists. Author payokha kuganizira chiyambi cha chinenero cha Chirasha makamaka mogwirizana ake ndi zokhudza zinenero Asilavo. Buku limafotokoza za mbiri ya zinthu zosiyana kakulidwe a chinenero - kuyambira ndi phokoso ndi kutha malembedwe. Payokha zikusonyeza mbiri chiyambi ndi chitukuko cha aliyense wa mbali ya kulankhula.

Mbiri chinenero cha Russian ophunzira

Mu njira ya sukulu Chirasha sasamalira mawotchi akuphunzira galamala mbiri: pulogalamu ikufotokozanso za chitukuko cha chinenero chamakono zolembalemba, osati maganizo mbiri yake. Komabe, Chirasha ndi njira zimenezi inasanduka nkhani yosasangalatsa, amene cholinga chachikulu cramming malamulo ndi paradigms osiyana. Kodi wosalira zambiri ndipo bwino chinenero kuti, ngati kuti awulule zakale! Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti chinenero - uwu si mtanda achisanu ndi zikusintha dongosolo: izo amakhala ndi akufotokozera ngati zamoyo.

Pali njira zambiri monga mbiri sukulu ya galamala chinenero cha Chirasha. Choyamba, kuchititsa maphunziro munthu zoyenera nkhaniyi. Chachiwiri, historicism mfundo iti imene ayende yachibadwa phunziro Inde monga chuma ndi zina mwambowu. Zitsanzo za mawu osokoneza chinenero cha Chirasha, makamaka phonetics ndi alternating mavawelo - izi ndi mfundo zina zidzakhala bwino kwambiri pofotokoza kulowerera kwawo ndi apeza ndi kuzipenya wa galamala mbiri.

Musaiwale kuti zochita mabuku simungakhoze kuchita popanda thandizo la mbiri ya chinenero, makamaka pamene kudziwana ndi zipilala mabuku Old Russia. Mwachitsanzo, "Lay" si muli mawu achikale ndipo samveka bwino malemba, komanso dzina amafuna osiyana ndemanga mbiri.

Mtengo wa galamala mbiri

Kudziwa mfundo ya galamala mbiri limalola njira yopindulitsa kwambiri kuphunzira chinenero. Komanso, kumakhaladi zambiri momveka bwino kuwerenga machenjelero ndinso paradigms kumamuimira. Kulemba ndi kulankhula bwino, sikuti kuphunzira zambiri za malamulo ndi kuchotserapo ndi mtima - galamala mbiri ya Chirasha adzakuthandizani kumvetsa njira zomveka kunachitika izo.