Landfills: chiphatso ndi kumanga

Panthawi mu Russia pali za 24 000 zinthu zokhudza zinyalala akhala akutayirapo dothi olimba. Komabe, chakhumi mmodzi yekha wa iwo unathandizira pa maziko malamulo, osanenapo kugwilizana ndi malamulo okhazikika ndi Rosprirodnadzor. Izi mwina chifukwa mavuto omwe angabuke pa siteji kalembera, kapangidwe ndi ntchito yomanga maofesi amenewa. Si chinsinsi kuti landfills ndi zenizeni kwambiri ndi kukakamiza anthu amafuna wapadera eni zili, komanso remediation kapena kusintha udindo zosiyana. Lililonse la mafunso awa liyenera kukhala phunziro mwatsatanetsatane kusintha mwayi wa kuzindikira za masiku ano, otetezeka ndi mwalamulo koyera polygon.

Pulogalamuyo wa landfills

Activities kwa deta ndi kutaya zinyalala ndi malamulo okhwima okhudza ndipo akudikila kulembetsa. Chikalata zololera mankhwala zinyalala zoweta ndi mafakitale, ndi chiphatso cha. Musanayambe ndondomeko kalembera, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti kampani likukwaniritsa zofunikira za boma supervisory, umene amayang'anitsitsa akhala akutayirapo dothi. Chiphatso ndi chikalata yekha pa chikhalidwe chimenecho pamalowo likukwaniritsa mwaukhondo ndi AIDS malamulo, ndi kukonzekeretsa zida zina zofunika, anali ndi ndodo maphunziro ndi zina zotero. D. Komanso, Alembe kugonjera dongosolo asilikali, lomwe litsatira ulamuliro kupanga pa kayendetsedwe ka zinyalala.

Documents chopezera chilolezo

Pofuna wabwereka kuchita mtundu wa ntchito ayenera kupereka Rosprirodnadzor phukusi monga kuika zotsatirazi zikalata:

• zikalata za bungwe lalamulo;
• mndandanda wa ntchito, zomwe zakonzedwa kuti zizichitidwa m'munda wa kasamalidwe zinyalala;
• zikalata natsimikiza umwini wa dziko, umene ndinkakhala nalo n'kupita kwa mndandanda wa zinyalala (landfills zambiri zimamangidwa nyumba wapadera, amene amafuna zikalata zogwirizana);
• umboni wa bwinobwino ziyenera zingakhudzire chilengedwe;
• zikalata kwa kasamalidwe zinyalala;
• Kalata ya malipiro a ntchito boma chilolezo cha.

Ndondomeko chilolezo issuance

Rosprirodnadzor limafufuza zambiri ndipo anatumiza makalata kwa obatizidwayo mwa masiku 5. Kuchokera pa zotsatira za chisankho analengedwa mu mawonekedwe a kukana kapena ikuyendera wa Chiphatso. Childs, landfills ndi chiphatso ngati poyambirira zochokera amafuna luso, malamulo ndi chilengedwe. Komanso ali ndi tanthauzo bwino anapanga anapereka chikalatacho. Pa anathetsera procedural akuluakulu Rosprirodnadzor kutsimikiza chokwanira ndi lolondola zambiri mwachindunji mu ntchito ndi zikalata.

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti ntchito yomanga M'zaka zaposachedwapa yawo ayamba otchuka otchedwa kudziletsa malamulo mdera (SRO), amene kumatha mbali ya gulu latsopano msika ku kufunika wabwereka. M'munda kasamalidwe zinyalala, mchitidwe umenewu ayamba okha patsogolo, koma m'bungwe la SRO wa mbiri imeneyi kungakhale kothandiza kwambiri. Oimira magulu osati kulembetsa landfills awo, koma malamulo, komanso mfundo ndi luso thandizo kwa anzawo, limene ndi lofunika kwambiri mu magawo oyambirira chitukuko ntchito.

kamangidwe ranges

Kale pa gawo chitukuko cha polojekiti amaganizira wapadera cholinga polygon monga chinthu, cholinga kwa deta ndi kutaya zinyalala banja. Kuchepetsa mavuto maofesi awa pa malo a m'madera ozungulira, asilikali amapereka kachitidwe zodzitetezera yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda zimalepheretsa Mankhwala oipitsa. kupezeka kudziŵa kusiyana pakati pa wapadera lotayako ochiritsira ndi landfills.

Pakuti neutralization bwino zotsatira deleterious cha machitidwe a chinthu m'tsogolo, kapangidwe pazikhalanso landfills ntchito zotsatirazi:

• Kukula kwa kachitidwe kumatira lomenyera zakhudzana. Izi ndi kuteteza mwachindunji kukhudzana pakati pa nthaka ndi madipoziti ndi anthu akhala akutayirapo dothi.
• , Ndiponso ndi ndandanda ya malo polygon ndi otsetsereka pamwamba malo kuchotsa madzi pamwamba.
• Kujambula dongosolo mpweya wabwino kwa anthu akhala akutayirapo dothi lapansi.
• Development kachitidwe ulamuliro ndi kulamulira leachate.
• Drafting dongosolo malo.

Kulengedwa ikuchitika malinga ndi mfundo kuchepetsa mosavuta mavuto zachilengedwe ndi kuwononga chilengedwe. Pa nthawi yomweyo zofunika kwambiri mawu a chitetezo ndi matupi madzi.

Ntchito yomanga landfills

Events chifukwa kukhazikitsa luso ntchito akhala akutayirapo dothi m'mbali ambiri ofanana ntchito chikhalidwe yomanga. maofesi kungaphatikizepo ndi zofunikira chomwecho, nyumba munda, ndi zina zotero. E. Kuti kusiyana ndi analembedwa ndi mfundo zenizeni za kudzipatula ndi kusankha zipangizo. Komanso, kumanga akhala akutayirapo dothi ndipo amatenga yomanga zimbudzi ndi zowonetsera protivofiltratcionnymi, ndizo zinthu zikuluzikulu mu zovuta zilizonse wa mtundu uwu.

Natural Geological zimalepheretsa kufala kwa zoipitsa kuchita n'zochepa, kotero kutukula akonzekeretse zishango wapadera zoteteza padziko m'dera ntchito. Mothandizidwa ndi zotchinga ngati kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha chiwonongeko zoipa za chilengedwe chifukwa cha mmene akumane polygons chilengedwe.

akhala akutayirapo dothi reclamation

Popeza kapangidwe akhala akutayirapo dothi, sitingathe kukusalani kuthekera remediation pamapeto pake. chochitika chofunika, limene nthaka wotanganidwa ndi siteshoni kale amapeza boma zachilengedwe wathanzi.

Choncho akhala akutayirapo dothi reclamation angathe kuchitidwa monga njira zosiyanasiyana kupanga neutralization, kuphatikizapo njira zotsatirazi:

• Analysis wa malowo ndi kudziwa mlingo wa ngozi yake.
• Kuphunzira kuthekera ntchito njira zina reclamation.
• Development wa polojekiti monga kotaya ndi wotsatira remediation.

Komabe, pali magulu angapo njira zamakono kuthetsa akhala akutayirapo dothi. Kutsatira kuchira zikuluzikulu ndi kutaya zinyalala mu malo ena otetezeka ndi kuwononga mwachindunji pa malo.