Osungirako zinthu zakale (Veliky Novgorod): matabwa zomangamanga, kremlin, ndi zambiri

Mu Russia, pali malo ndi mbiri yaitali, zipilala bwino anasunga, mchitidwe umenewu ndi miyambo yakale, kawirikawiri unkatchedwa mzinda-owonetsera zakale. Velikiy Novgorod - mmodzi wa malo amenewo wodziwika bwino. Mbiri ya mzinda ali oposa zaka 1150, lero pali oposa makumi asanu zipilala za thupi zaka 9-17, ndipo amakhala mbali zonse za moyo wamasiku ano. Tours ku Novgorod otchuka pakati Russia ndi alendo yachilendo.

Novgorod Kremlin

mumzindawo ili pa magombe a mtsinje Volkhov. Lamanzere gombe la mtsinje kuchokera 1044 akulondali Novgorod Kremlin, dzina lake wakale - Detinets. M'nthawi Russia Novgorod Wamkulu anali pakatikati pa ukulu wamphamvu. Detinets anatumikira ntchito kumbuyo, komanso ntchito monga malo kumene msonkhano boma, boma anavomereza mwamsanga ndipo ankati anthu Komiti.

Kremlin - awa ndi malo oyamba kumene alendo kubwera, zopita kukaona nyumbayi mu Veliky Novgorod. M'dera la zovuta za wazunguliridwa ndi makoma wandiweyani linga, anamanga m'zaka za m'ma 15, mpaka ku nthawi ino makoma anali kugwetsa mitengo. Poyamba, nsanja naini chamangidwa kuzungulira kukafika kutsogolo kwa Detintsa, koma atatu a iwo anawonongedwa, ndendende pamene sakudziwika. Mu 1045 pa dera la zovuta chitetezo inamangidwa St. Sophia Cathedral, lero ndi mmodzi wa kupulumuka mipingo wamkulu Russian Orthodox.

Chochititsa chidwi kukonzanso ntchito yolalikira ndi kulimbitsa boma la Russia anavutika mu ulamuliro wa Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich, m'zaka za m'ma 12. Mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za mipingo ingapo chipata zinamangidwa, 15 m'ma kuphatikiza a modernized malinga kuwopsyeza atsopano anatuluka mogwirizana ndi "moto nkhondo". Mu chaka cha chikondwerero cha Millennium la Russia (1862) mu Novgorod Kremlin msonkhano m'ziwawa lobwezeretsa, anaika chipilala chikumbutso cha tsiku lalikulu.

Ili mkati boma la Russia, ndi ofunika kukacheza ndi Faceted Komiti, kumanga malo boma Ana pakati zakale, mpingo Andreya Stratilata ndi ena. Lero, mu dera la nyumbayi wakale makamu zisudzo, zochitika thematic, ndi zinthu zochititsa chidwi. Velikiy Novgorod anayamba ndi Detintsa, ndipo lero mumzinda ndi yaikulu mafakitale, nzeru ndi mbiri likulu la Russia.

Vitoslavlitsy

Museum a zomangamanga matabwa Novgorod lili malo akale Vitoslavlice m'mudzi anakula pafupi St. George wamwamuna obisika zaka zapitazo. The mtunda ndi kwabasi kwambiri, pali mtsinje Volkhov, Lake Myachin, nyumba yonse amanena alendo kale, ndipo nthawi zina zimaoneka ngati nthano - Ndithu nkhani yeniyeni.

Kudutsa mumsewu, mungathe kuona mfundo ya tinyumba ta mudzi wa mibadwo yosiyana, matchalitchi ang'ono ndi akachisi mkulu matabwa. zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho onse akhoza anafika, kulowa mkati ndi kuona mmene moyo anakonza. Ziwiya, zovala, zojambula mu manja angathe lokonza akatswiri apeza moyo wachiwiri. Open Air Reserve anayamba ntchito May 16, 1967 ndipo lili 4 Km from Wamkulu Novgorod.

malo zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho

Tsopano Museum zomangamanga matabwa mu Novgorod ndi mu nkhokwe ya zinayi kuposa khumi ndi matabwa zipilala mapulani. Ambiri a iwo a m'zaka za m'ma 16, mbali ya nyumba zogona ndi mafakitale - kwa nyengo ya zaka mazana 18-19. Zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho zofunika:

• Mpingo wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu. Kunayamba m'ma 16. Iwo ankamutengera ku mudzi Peredki (Borovichsky District).
• Mpingo wa Akukwera m'mudzi Kuritsko (Novgorod chigawo). Tentatively linamangidwa mu 1595.
• Utatu Church. kachisi anamangidwa mu zaka 1672-1676 kale inali mu chipululu Rekonskoy (Lyubytinsky District).

Pali mzimu Russian ... Iwo chikununkha

Museum la Zomangamanga ku Novgorod amatchedwa dziko. The malo ethnographic zilipo ndi chionetsero thematic, yomwe ili kwake cha nyumbayi, monga:

• "The chuma ndi moyo wa Amaya."
• "Christening".
• "Ukwati. Prince a tebulo."
• "Spring ndi chilimwe maholide."
• "Zima moyo wa Amaya."

Apa nthawi zonse unachitikira folklore zikondwerero ndi kumadansi a magulu wowerengeka, ndi belu akulira. zikondwerero Large oyenelela pa Pancake Day, Pentekoste, Khirisimasi ndi masiku ena ofunika. Popeza 2013, "Farmstead" anatsegula chidwi akuluakulu ndi ana. Monga mbali ya chionetsero mukhoza timudziwe bwino ziweto, amene kale unachitikira wamba munda.

Vitoslavlitsy - yowala ethnographic zovuta, amene ali chionetsero mwini wake, zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ndi zinthu zochititsa chidwi. Veliky Novgorod ndi malo mpata kuti ayanjane ndi miyambo za makolo kupatulira nkhani nthawi, ntchito zamanja ndi kukhala mu kayendedwe ka moyo wamakono.

zowoneka

Kale mzere wa mzinda pakati modernity ndi mbiri amaona kwambiri. Zosangalatsa pa khwerero liri, kotero kupita pa ulendo waufupi kukawona, n'zomveka zoti kuona pa nthawi ino, zimene kukaona zakale. Veliky Novgorod ali ndi mndandanda wa maulendo ndi malo wodziwika bwino:

• Matchalitchi ndiponso akachisi. Kuwonjezera pa Hagia Sophia, m'pofunika kufufuza ngale ya mamangidwe a akale Russia - Mpingo wa Chiwalitsiro, Mpingo wa St. Philip ndi Nikoly Chudotvortsa, yomwe inamangidwa pa ndalama amalonda m'zaka 17. Ndi manda kwambiri mapulani monga St. Nicholas Cathedral (1113 chaka yomanga), kutali yaima mpingo wa St. Paraskeva. Kuyambira 13 m'ma amayeretsa moyo wa Novgorod Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod. Mzindawu uli komanso akachisi ambiri akale, ena amene ntchito ngati Museum, ndi ena a chigawocho ndi ntchito zawo amafunira.
• iconography owonetsera zakale. Iwo anasonkhana zithunzi 300 yoyamba akale 11 Ndiyeno iwowa ikukhudzana ku sukulu ano. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa Novgorod chizindikiro kupenta sukulu.
• Nyimbo okonda adzakhala ndi chidwi mu Museum wa zoyimbira Antiquities dzina Povetkina V. I. mungapezeko alidziwe zida dziko nyimbo, kutsatira kusanduka awo.
• owonetsera zakale luso chikhalidwe atakutidwa mu obisika chakhumi. Chionetsero zimaonetsa nsalu zokha ayi, chionetsero china akale, makamu ntchito chikhalidwe ndi maphunziro.

Izi mndandanda kochepa akhoza wodzilemekeza ndi malo ambiri lapadera, koma ngakhale kuyenda kuzungulira mzinda, mukhoza kuona mwatsatanetsatane mmene iye ankakhala mu masiku akale. Onetsetsani afika mu maso a Zojambula pakhoma wakale, panjira, alimbane ndi achikale njira, kapena obisika, makoma amene anapulumuka kuwukira kuposa wina.