Likulu la Bulgaria. Zokopa alendo otchuka wa Sofia

Okongola ndi zaka Sofia zokondwa asatambira alendo ake, kuwonetsera olemera kuposa likulu palokha ndipo dziko lonse zodabwitsa Bulgaria. A zambiri zidindo ndi maganizo amaika ankadziwa zokopa alendo a likulu - zitsanzo yowala kwambiri akale zomangamanga, zakale, masewera m'mapaki, mabwalo, misika, masitolo zosowa zakale, kulandira malo odyera ndi zina zambiri zinthu zosangalatsa.

Mbiri ya Sofia kunayamba akuya zaka. m'dziko limene ndi likulu la Bulgaria, mu nthawi ya Neolithic anali anthu anthu wosazindikira. Mu VII a. BC. e. apa panali mzinda wa Serdica. Dzina zamakono - Sofia (mu Greek - "nzeru") - mzinda walandira m'zaka XIV. Iye nthawi zambiri anawonongedwa ndi wadutsa kuchokera ku dzanja m'manja, unali likulu la Wachiwiri Chibugariya Ufumu, ndipo kuyambira 1382 anali pansi pa ulamuliro Turkey. Mayendedwe a "likulu la Bulgaria" Sofia walandira yekha mu 1879, ndipo Kenako anayamba kusintha mawonekedwe ndi Ottoman European. Mwamwayi, Bulgarians angathe kasungidwe kukumbukira zakale. Mpaka lero, mudzi waukulu mu dziko anakhalabe zoposa 250 zipilala mbiri umboni kuti olemera ndi zovuta zakale, Sophia, zomwe zayambitsa Mbali ngati maonekedwe a likulu, monga osakaniza masitaelo a kamangidwe yoperekedwa kwa magulu osiyanasiyana ndi mibadwo.

Sofia zitsanzo anakhalabe kwambiri zomangamanga kuchuluka mpingo. Rotunda wa St. George anamanga ndi Aroma m'zaka IV pakati pa nyumba yogonamo mfumu ya Konstantina Velikogo. Poyamba icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mobatizira - nyumba za kukwaniritsidwa kwa ubatizo wa, ndiye kuti mpingo wa Chikhristu, ndipo atagonjetsedwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIV. Chibugariya Turkey anali n'kukhala kumsikiti. M'nyumbayi atakutidwa mu mpingo wamkulu Sofia.

Likulu la Bulgaria dzina lake polemekeza nyumba chidwi wakale - ndi Hagia Sophia, zafotokozedwa pa sitampu chishango mzinda. Ndi wamkulu (anamumanga VI lapansi.) Uziyenda mpingo Orthodox mu dziko. Pa gawo la kachisi ndi manda a msirikali wosadziwika, ndi otsatira, paki momasuka ndi wokongola - kukopa wina chidwi - Madokotala 'Chipilala anadzipereka ku Russian ogwira ntchito kuchipatala ndi asilikali amene anafa mu Chirasha Turkey nkhondo.

Cathedral wa St. Alexander Nevsky ali pakati pa lalikulu lomwe limadziwika ndi dzina lake. Otchuka kachisi chipilala inamangidwa monga chizindikiro cha kuyamikira kwa anthu Russian yomasulira Bulgaria m'goli Ottoman ndipo anadzipereka kwa woyang'anira wakumwamba ndi Mfumu Alexander Wachiwiri, St. Aleksandru Nevskomu.

Likulu la Bulgaria ndi mfundo za confluence a zikhalidwe European ndipo Oriental. Sofia ndi limodzi mwa mabuku akale akachisi Muslim ku Ulaya, wotchedwa Banya Bashi, limatanthauza Russian "ambiri osambira." Chitsanzo chabwino cha zomangamanga Ottoman inamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XVI pa masoka matenthedwe spa.

Pakuti okonda woona likulu kuyenda la Bulgaria - umodzi mwa mizinda yakale kwambiri evoropeyskih - wokongola osati osiyanasiyana zokopa. Wokongola chikhalidwe, ambiri mchere akasupe, kulemera kwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri chikhalidwe zikuchitika pano ndi zomangamanga anaika Sofia pa ndime ndi malo akuluakulu padziko lonse zokopa alendo.