The likulu lakale la China: kufotokoza, mbiri ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Ancient China wosaphunzitsidwa likulu anthu akhoza kudabwa chiwerengero chawo. Panali anthu anayi, koma m'zaka za m'ma otsiriza mndandanda anali kukodzedwa kwa 7 mitu. Mwachidule tiona aliyense wa iwo.

Peking

Likulu loyambirira la China wakale, monga wina aliyense, inali pafupi lokwera lapansi. Midzi woyamba mderali analipo kuchokera woyamba Zakachikwi BC. e. Pa Zhou Mafumu asilikali achitetezo inamangidwa pano. Icho chinakhazikitsidwa mu 1368 ndi Ming mafumu. Kwa kanthawi likulu zinamulimbikitsa Nanjing, koma Mfumu Yongle likulu Ming Mafumu ku Beijing. Nyumba Beijing ano mwachuluka mbiri ya Ming ndi Qing Mafumu. Mu ulamuliro wa otsiriza a iwo wotchuka Peking Gardens zinamangidwa, Old Chilimwe Palace. Mu ulamuliro wa Ming mafumu anamanga kachisi wa Kumwamba, yachifumu. Iwo kusandulika ndi Yongle Mfumu Beijing, kumupanga iye amaoneka ngati chessboard a.

Nanking

Mwa njira, likulu la China wakale kuyambira Mfumu choyamba - Shanghai. Komabe, asayansi mulibe mndandanda wa mzinda ndi Shanghai si mmodzi wa mitu mbiri.

Nanjing ndi umodzi mwa mizinda China kwambiri wakale. Mzindawu unali likulu la achepetse khumi ndi la Republic of China. Lero ndi likulu la Jiangsu. Nanjing ndi chapakatikati pa mitu ina iwiri China wakale - Beijing ndi Shanghai. Kumasulira dzina Nanjing amatanthauza "kum'mwera likulu". mzinda anakhazikitsidwa mu V m'ma. BC. e. Ndi apa kuti chiwerengero chachikulu cha zipolowe owopsa. Mwa njira, apa iwo anaika anayambitsa Mafumu Ming. Mu 1853 mzindawo unakhala likulu la boma Taiping kulamulidwa ndi Hun Syutsianya. Mu 1912, wapanikizidwa boma unakhala likulu la Republic of China.

Today Nanjing ndi Center Development. Tsiku lililonse pano amakhala alendo zambiri. City nazo Map, nyumba zosanja zitalizitali komanso malo wapamwamba kugula. Monga Shanghai, likukhalira ku mzinda munkapezeka.

Chanyaan

Mndandanda wa mitu wakale wa China akupitiriza Chang'an mudzi, dzina lake limatanthauza kuti "mtendere wosatha." Chifukwa moyo wake wa nthawi kukaona likulu la madera osiyanasiyana mu China. Komabe, masiku ano pamalo ake mzinda wa Xi'an.

Midzi choyamba anaonekera pa Neolithic. Unakhala likulu la Chang'an pa Tang Ufumu. Monga Beijing, nyumbayi anafanana ndi chessboard. Mu pakati pa VIII atumwi, panali anthu oposa 1 miliyoni, amene ndi mfundo za kupanga mzinda waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse. Pa Mafumu Ming, likulu zinamulimbikitsa Beijing ndi Chanyaan anadzatchedwa Xi'an.

Luoyang

Likulu la China wakale, ife tsopano mbiri, komanso unali umodzi mwa mizinda amakezana. mzinda wa Luoyang unali likulu la limati zosiyanasiyana Chinese. Mbiri ya mzinda anayamba m'zaka XI. BC. e. Akukhulupirira kuti uyu ndiye woyamba likulu la China, yomwe inamangidwa pa dongosolo mofatsa, kutenga nkhani ya manenedwe Cosmological. Mu 770 BC. e. Luoyang unali likulu la ufumu wa Zhou. Pambuyo pake, iwo unali likulu la ufumu wa Wei, Atatu maufumu ndi Jin Mafumu West.

Heyday anafika pa nthawi ya Sui, Tang ndi Song achepetse. Luoyang anakhala chikhalidwe likulu Chanyaanya. Kumanga East mwa likulu, monga anaitana Luoyang, anayamba nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Mafumu Sui. zaka 2 anakwanitsa kumanga yatsopano, kusintha mzinda. Komabe, nyumba onse kwambiri kuonongeka pa mapeto a Mafumu Tang, amene anasankhidwa ndi nkhondo. Luoyang Kubadwa Kwatsopano inayamba mu ulamuliro wa achepetse n'chokwana ndi Ming. Monga lero - ndi yaing'ono, m'chigawo ndi amakono.

Kaifeng

Likulu la mbiriyakale ya China anali wodzilemekeza ndi mizinda itatu kwambiri. Mmodzi wa iwo - Kaifeng. Iye anali wamkulu maina ambiri: Byanlyan, Dalian, Liang, Bantszin. Likulu anali mu ulamuliro wa pa Mafumu Song mu nthawi kuchokera 960 kwa 1127. Mu ulamuliro wa a Han, mzinda anali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu la asilikali. Komabe, posakhalitsa ufumu wa Wei anamanga mderali likulu lake, anangotchula izo Dalyan. Pamene ufumu wa Wei agonjetsedwa ndi ufumu wa Qin, mzinda unawonongedwa ndi adzasiyidwa. Mu ulamuliro wa mudzi Ufumu East Wei kachiwiri dzina lake Kaifeng. Nthawi zambiri mudziwo anasintha dzina lake pa pempho la olamulira. Kaifeng pansi mayina osiyanasiyana akhala likulu la boma Han, Kenako Qin, ndi Kenako Zhou. Asayansi amati mu nthawi ya zaka 1013-1027 mzindawo unali waukulu mu dziko.

Asanabwere ake, mzindawo maulendo ambiri anawononga alowererepo nkhondo kapena masoka achilengedwe. Sanaleke olamulira kumanga nthawi iliyonse ndi kupanga likulu la chikhalidwe chawo.

Hangzhou

Mndandanda wa mitu wakale wa China akupitiriza m'tauni ya Hangzhou, ndilo kutali m'chigawocho. Kale, pamaso nkhondo Mongol, mumzinda wotchedwa Lin'an. Zinali likulu nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Southern Song Mafumu. Panthawiyo iye anali ambiri mumzinda mu dziko. Pakali pano, mzinda amadziwika kwa zachilengedwe zokongola, minda lalikulu tiyi ndi West Lake. Pali awiri wofunika m'mbiri chipilala - 30 mita baochu pagoda ndi mausoleum wa Yue Fei. Monga kale, mzinda ndi malo mbiri. Kumapeto kwa mlungu uliwonse amaitana mazana a Chinese, kuona zipilala wotchuka. Komanso, Hangzhou - wamphamvu mafakitale pakati. Amatchedwanso mzinda wa zikwi a mabungwe Chinese. Amalima kuchuluka yaikulu katundu. International Airport limachititsa kuti ku Hangzhou kumzinda uliwonse lalikulu ili mu Asia South-East.

Anyang

Pakali pano, mzinda ndi yaing'ono m'tauni chigawo. Anyang analengedwa pambuyo ufumu wa Qin United China mu ufumu limodzi. Pa Sun Ufumu utsogoleri magawano Anyang wakhala awiri mlingo. Komanso, mzindawo unakhala likulu la Xiangzhou akuluakulu kusonkhanitsa. Kumapeto kwa Sui Ufumu anayamba pano pa zodabwitsa lonse zipolowe zoukira boma. City kwadzaoneni chifukwa cha zimene zinali nkhondo pa An Lushan Anakana.

M'chaka cha 1949, pambuyo chigonjetso mu Civil nkhondo, achikomyunizimu bungwe chigawo wina, mzinda umene unali subordination wa Anyang. Kwa zaka zambiri, Anyang anali membala wa zigawo zosiyana ndi zigawo. Mu 1983, mzinda wa Anyang County analengedwa.

Today tinaphunzira za mitu isanu wakale wa China. History buku akhoza kukuuzani zambiri, koma mbiri China ndi amazipanga yaikulu ndi zovuta, kotero aganyali m'nkhani zovuta onga. Komabe, taphunzira wofunika kwambiri ndiponso wosangalatsa kwambiri wa mitu mbiri ya China, komanso ena Inabuka mizu mbiri ya mzinda ndi kukapeza udindo wawo. Mulimonsemo, likulu lakale la China ndi chidwi kwambiri osati chifukwa ofufuza komanso alendo wamba. China - chachinsinsi dziko, amene ooneka ndi kuchuluka kwake ndi kuwala.