Likulu la Dagestan: zokopa, mizikiti, owonetsera Makhachkala. Ali mumzinda wa Makhachkala pa mapu a Russia?

Dagestan, dera mu Turkic - "dziko la mapiri", ndi mabwalo a yoyenda yokha ya Russia. likulu lake Makhachkala, ankaona osati umodzi wa mizinda ikuluikulu kwambiri mu North Caucasus, komanso yokongola kwambiri. Parks, masewera ambiri pamthunzi mabwalo, zipilala mosamala kutetezedwa - zonse izi zimapereka mzinda mtundu wapadera. A mwansangala ndi alendo a m'tauni ya kupereka malo ndithu kukhumba kachiwiri kubwera pa ngodya bwino Dziko Lapansi.

Mbiri ya m'mudzi

Pa malo ndi likulu panopa Dagestan, dera Makhachkala, mu nthawi zakale, zagona njira malonda ku dera Volga kuti Persia. Mu VII m'ma panali mzinda wokongola Samandar, ndi likulu la Khazars. "Pobwezera" zinali za Aulosi Oleg, koma ankadziwa anali msuwani wake lakutali Prince Svyatoslav. Mu 966, iye kuwonongeratu mzindawo. Mu 1722-m, pa nkhondo ndi Perisiya, za malo awa, pafupi ndi tauni ya Tarki, koma pafupi ndi nyanja, Peter ndinanyemanyema msasa wawo. Mu 1844 apa inamangidwa mpanda asilikali. Tinkamutcha Peter Wamkulu okumbukira mfumu yaikulu. malo yabwino woyanjidwa kuti chitukuko cha mofulumira kukhala ndi zokhumudwitsa. Kale mu 1857-m, inali kudziŵika kuti mzinda Petrovsky. kupanga ake kukodzedwa, anthu unakula mofulumira. Mu 1870 tinamanga doko pano mu 1876 - ndi yofululira moŵa, 1878 mamita - makina osindikizira, ndi 1894th anayamba kuika mizere njanji kuti Vladikavkaz ndi Baku. Mu 1918, chaka Petrovsk anadzatchedwa Shamil Kala, akufuna kupitirizabe chikumbukiro cha ngwazi yadziko Imam Shamil. Popeza 1921, mumzinda wotchedwa patapita Bolshevik Magomed-Ali Dahadaeva, amene yotchuka wotchedwa Mahach.

Ali Makhachkala pa mapu a Russia

Makhachkala lili m'dera lotchedwa Anji-Kala, kuti kumykskogo likumasuliridwa kuti "diamondi mzinda". Izi Mzere ka lowland pakati pa Caspian Nyanja ndi phiri Tarki-matchalitchi anayamba. makilomita asanu ndi PGT Tarki, amenenso ali ndi mbiri zodabwitsa ndi zokonda zake. Tarki amatchulidwa m'masiku a atumwi VII. Pamenepo m'mudzi waung'ono. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa m'ma 17 unakhala likulu Shamkhalate Tarkovsky. Pa msonkhano wokopa Persian Petra Velikogo Tarki ankaona waukulu kwambiri Dagestan. malo Geographical Makhachkala chodabwitsa. Yaima pomwe pa gombe la Caspian Nyanja ayezi m'nyengo yozizira, pafupi Wamkulu Caucasus Mountains. A zina pang'ono m'mphepete ndi mudzi wa Kaspiysk ndiponso m'nyanja - Leninkent.

Administrative gulu la Makhachkala

likulu Dagestan ndi lagawidwa m'zigawo zitatu oyang'anira tauni: Leninsky, Kirovsky ndi Soviet. Lenin akuchita gawo kum'mwera kum'mawa kwa mzinda.
Pali njira zingapo chachikulu - Imam Shamil, A. Sultan, Peter Wamkulu, Hamidov. Komanso, pali lalikulu dzina la Peter Wamkulu paki ndi wakwera ana ndi akulu, "chinjoka". chigawo Leninsky ali chokongoletsedwa ndi nyanja zodabwitsa ndi awiri hotelo zamakono "dera limeneli limatchedwa-gel osakaniza" ndi "Petrovsk". Apa pali masitolo ambiri ndi njira zina zamayendedwe. Makhachkala ndege komanso wa chigawo Lenin.

chigawo Soviet limabweretsa mzindawo. Pa m'gawo lake pali phiri Tarki-matchalitchi anayamba, mbali mbiri ya Makhachkala ndi wotchuka Juma Mosque. Palinso sitima chapakati Makhachkala siteshoni ndi nyumba.

Kirovsky chigawo mwachirengedwe waukulu. Mu ofesi yake ili kumpoto kwa Makhachkala, ndi mabusa ambiri, mpaka wotchuka chilumba cha Chechen.

Madzi mzinda dziwe

likulu Dagestan ndi wotchuka kwa zinthu zake wolemera achilengedwe. Mu mzindawu pali atatu okongola nyanja. M'chigawo cha akuwaza pang'ono elongated mawonekedwe maphunziro a digiri yoyamba nyanja Kirov. Pa m'mphepete mwake wamangidwa chigawo eponymous ndi zomangamanga ano. M'chigawo Leninsky, pafupi ndi nyanja, ndi nyanja wokongola lalikulu dera limeneli limatchedwa-gel osakaniza. Imathamanga contours ake adzakhale ndi okasangalalako, limene lili kumanja pa gombe. A zina kumpoto pang'ono pali nyanja yaing'ono ndi matope Thope. A mphindi 20 pagalimoto kuchokera ku tawuni mwanyanja a Makhachkala, Kaspiysk lagona pa malire amene pali zodabwitsa nyanja ziwiri - Big ndi Small ulendo. m'gawo Makhachkala ndi anawoloka ndi mitsinje awiri - Tarnair ndi Talginka (wachiwiri dzina Cerkez-Ozen). mabanki awo zimamangidwa promenade wokongola. Komanso mu mzinda pali opangidwa mtsinje - njira ya October kuukira boma.

nyengo

likulu Dagestan a Makhachkala mudera zachilengedwe ndi kotentha chokhala ndi nyengo. Hot m'chilimwe, ndi avareji kutentha kwa madigiri 24 ndi madzi ndi - madigiri 22. Mu zaka ena, mpweya kutentha kwa May kwa October akhoza kukhala mkati +30 ... + 38 madigiri. Akhala mu mbiri ya mzinda makamaka pa nyengo yozizira, chilimwe pamene kutentha sanali pamwamba madigiri 10. Nyengo Makhachkala amtengo ozizira, ndi osachepera mpweya kutentha kwa madigiri -2. kawirikawiri zimachitika m'dera ndi modabwitsa yozizira. Choncho, kutentha wotsikitsitsa yozizira miyezi chili pa madigiri padziko -26 Celsius. Chamvula mu Makhachkala zambiri kugwa wogawana chaka chonse. Only mu July ndi August, chiwerengero chawo ndi pang'ono poyerekeza ndi ena nthawi. Mphepo m'dera alinso zolimbitsa. pafupifupi liwiro awo - pafupifupi 4 mamita pa mphindi. The ubwenzi wa mapiri amalenga Makhachkala si yabwino ndithu zivomerezi zinthu. Chivomezi chachikulu apa anali mu 1970.

zoyendera

Monga mbali ya Russia Dagestan - mabwalo. Likulu la yoyenda yokha Kupititsa wagawo - Makhachkala - ali mpweya ndi njanji maulalo m'mizinda ikuluikulu ya la Russia. Makhachkala ndege kuulukira Moscow, St. Petersburg, Krasnoyarsk, Sochi ndi ena mizinda ina. flights mayiko Dubai, Istanbul, Baku, Bishkek. zoyendera Railway zikugwirizana Makhachkala kwa Moscow, St. Petersburg ndi Astrakhan. Kuwonjezera sitima wautali, pali commuter mu Derbent ndi Khasavyurt. Mu Makhachkala pali malonda nyanja doko ndi okwerera basi awiri. dongosolo Urban zoyendera operekedwa ndi mabasi trolley ndi minibuses.

zakale

Likulu la Dagestan, dera Makhachkala amasamalira mbiri yake. Mu mzinda wa ulemerero lankhondo la Dagestan, dera la Museum of History of Theatre wa Republic, amene panopa vreya kudzadza ndi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho watsopano, zakale ndi mapulani owonetsera zakale. Imafotokoza 150 zikwi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho pakati pawo - wakale mipukutu lofunika kwambiri ndi zinthu zofukulidwa m'mabwinja. Amadziwika kuti m'gawo la Makhachkala, midzi choyamba anaonekera kwa zaka za m'ma II. Lero mzinda osati kumangopita mwa masoka achilengedwe ndi andale. Popereka umboni wawo Tingaone mu nyumbayi, ankaona yaikulu kwambiri ku North Caucasus.

Chidwi kwambiri ndi Museum wa "mudzi Dagestan", yomwe ili pakati pa mzinda. Nawa anasonyeza zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku zamakolo Dagestani mkati mwa nyumba zawo mibadwo yosiyana, zovala, zida. The womaliza Makhachkala City History Museum. N'zochititsa chidwi chifukwa analengedwa ndi nzika okha. Iwo anapereka zambiri mwa zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho lapansi.

Pafupifupi pakati pa mzinda pali owonetsera zakale wina - zithunzi Tirhana. Apa, gulu lapadera la kukongoletsa zojambulajambula, limene akuganiza waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse.

zowoneka

Kuwonjezera zakale wapadera, mu Makhachkala, pali zipilala ambiri, m'mapaki zodabwitsa, mtengo-alimbane njira ndi mabwalo. Pa forecourt wa chipilala cha akulonjera alendo Mahach Dahadaevu. Makhachkala ndi perpetuated kukumbukira kasanu dziko ngwazi Ali Aliyev. chidwi zonse kwa alendo ndi chipilala kuti mphunzitsi Russian. Mu Makhachkala, manda a Rasul Gamzatov. Iye m'manda pafupi ndi mkazi wake Patimat.

Mmodzi wa zokopa wotchuka ndi Grand Mosque wa Makhachkala. Mu Makhachkala, ndi imodzi mwa malo anapita. Juma zomangamanga ngati Blue Mosque ku Istanbul. Iwo zikuchulukirachulukira chaka chilichonse kukula, koma asungidwa kufanana kwake zojambula ndi esthetic mogwirizana. Wina mizikiti atatu ili mu Tarki. Ili chabe pamwamba pa mpanda wolimba mbiri Mafunde. Pakuti Orthodox okhulupirira Makhachkala ukugwira Dormition Cathedral.

Theaters

Likulu la Dagestan, dera kumanja angatchedwe mzinda ndi zinthu mkulu kulenga.

Theaters mu Makhachkala zatenga kwambiri pa moyo wa anthu ndi zonse kukopa alendo. Drama Theatre. Gorky unapangidwa woyamba kwambiri. Izo zinachitika pa chiyambi cha mphamvu Soviet - mu 1926. Kwa zaka zambiri, pali bwino ankachitika chuma odziwika padziko lonse, ntchito amisiri wotchuka. Nyimbo Drama Theatre. Tsadasa analengedwa mu 30s Mu zaka zapitazo m'mudzi Hunzak. Popeza 1968, iye ali Makhachkala. Kuwonjezera pa Avar, mzinda ali Kumyk Music Drama Theatre. Salavatova, Lak Music ndi Drama Theatre. Kapieva, chidole zisudzo, zisudzo ndi kuvina, "Gisli" - zisudzo nyimbo.

zatsiku

wokongola kwambiri ndi chidwi tawuni alendo a Makhachkala. Photo zokonda zake, misewu ndi mabwalo kuwonetsa izi. Ndi wotchuka chifukwa pogwiritsa ake zachipatala ndi Ubwino. Mmodzi wa iwo - adasonkhananso "Talgi". Ndi mphindi 15 pagalimoto kuchokera Makhachkala mu kwabasi chigwa Talginskaya pafupi ndi phiri kukuri. Holidaymakers pano ndi nyumba zamakono, kwambiri matenda ndi mankhwala pakati, chisamaliro ndi alendo a ndodo. Kutichitira "Talgi" dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa, mantha, khungu ndi matenda matenda.

"Caspian" achisangalalo ola kuchokera Makhachkala ndi. thupi lake anamanga mu nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Caspian. Apa izo excellently ophatikizana achire nkhalango mpweya, madzi thanzi-kubwezeretsa kwa Nyanja ya Caspian ndi mphamvu zamatsenga a mapiri. Komanso Makhachkala ndi chipatala chaching'ono "Dagestan", "Tarnair" kuchipatala pakati konzanso ana awiri.