Rasul Gamzatov: yonena, zilandiridwenso, banja, photos, ndi zolemba

Mumadziwika Avar ndakatulo ya Soviet nyengo, Rasul Gamzatov anabadwa mu 1923, September 8, mu Tsada (mudzi m'chigawo Khunzakh Dagestan ASSR). atate wake, Gamzat Tsadasa anali wolemba ndakatulo dziko la Republic of lakwawo, laureate wa Prize State wa Soviet Union, mayi ake - Handulay Gaydarbekgadzhievna Gamzatov (1888-1965) - anali Asian mkazi yosavuta, kunyumba.

masiku School

Monga ana onse Soviet zaka zaka 7, mwachitsanzo, mu 1930, Rasul Gamzatov anapita kukaphunzira ku sukulu ya sekondale Araninska anali wakhama kwambiri, mwaluso ndiponso kufuna wophunzira. Iye makamaka anasangalala kumvetsera nkhani za bambo ake za ngwazi yotchuka Shamil, yemwe atalandira eyiti anavulazidwa kudzera mtima, anapitiriza kumenyana. Iye anali wokhoza ndi kachigawo kamodzi ka lupanga lake kudula wokwera ndi kavalo pa mutu chala. Komanso, Rasul spellbound kumvetsera nkhani ya wolimba Naib Hadji Murad. Kenako anamasulira ndakatulo Lva Tolstogo za ngwazi izi mu chilankhulo chake. Other ankakonda Makhalidwe a ndakatulo iyi anali lodziwika bwino Hochbar ndi chohsky wokongola Kamal Bashir. Zonsezi chifukwa dziko Rasula Gamzatova - Avar, ndipo anali ndi chidwi nkhani zonse za m'mbuyomu amunamuna anthu ake. Iye ankakonda kumvetsera mawu a nyimbo ya lodziwika bwino woimba Mahmoud chikondi. Mbiri ya anthu ake anadziwa nkhani imeneyi. Ndipo Rasul pang'ono kukondela kumvetsela kwa ndakatulo yolembedwa ndi bambo ake. Posakhalitsa, iye anaphunzira iwo ndi mtima.

Rasul Gamzatov. Background: masitepe oyamba monga ndakatulo

Pamene iye anali ndi zaka 9 chabe, iye analemba ndakatulo yake yoyamba. Kuyambira tsiku limenelo mzere kuchokera cholembera chake unaturuka monga cornucopia a. Iwo anali a sukulu yake ya abwenzi mnzakeyo, aphunzitsi, ndi zina zotero. D. ndi zaka 13 (pamene Rasul Gamzatov analowa mu kalasi chiwiri) limodzi la manyuzipepala Avar, ndicho mu "Bolshevik mapiri" lofalitsidwa mmodzi wa ndakatulo wake. Wotchuka wolemba Rajab Dinmagomaev, mayiko Gamzatov analemba kutchula ulemu mankhwala. Kenako Rasul kenako lofalitsidwa mu mabuku osiyanasiyana Khunzakh malo Buynakskovskoy nyuzipepala ya kumaloko, komanso mu dziko nyuzipepala mlungu "Bolshevik mapiri." Monga mnyamata dzina mwini sizinali, ndiye iye walemba kulenga dzina la atate wake - Tsadasa. Koma tsiku lina mountaineer imvi anamuonetsa Ndinadabwa pa kusintha kwa kalembedwe bambo ake. Ndipo kuti si kusokonezedwa ndi Tsadasa, anatenga monga alias dzina la kholo lake. Tsopano iye anali wamng'ono Avar ndakatulo amene anatenga dzina la Rasul Gamzatov.

achinyamata

Titamaliza kalasi sekondale 8 tsogolo ndakatulo wotchuka akadandaule mapepala Avar Mphunzitsi Training College m'tauni ya Buynaksk. Patatha zaka 2, iye anali mphunzitsi kusukulu kwawo. Patapita nthawi iye limodzi Avar State Theatre monga wotsogolera wothandizira kenako mutu wa dipatimenti anakakhala Dagestan nyuzipepala "Bolshevik mapiri", amene anatumikira monga mtolankhani wina. Ndiye tsoka n'kupita naye ku Dagestan wailesi, ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali iye anali mkonzi wa ndimakokedwe.

Moscow

Pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, limene ndinataya m'bale wake, Rasul Gamzatov anasamukira ku Moscow kuphunzira pa Moscow zolembalemba Institute kwa iwo. Gorky. Upezeke iye kuchita zimenezo Lak ndakatulo Effendi Kapiev, amene anamva za ndakatulo zake m'chinenero Russian Ndinkachita chidwi ndi talente wa Avar wamng'ono. Mwa njira, asanasamukire ku Moscow, mnyamatayo anali membala wa Writers 'Union. Gamzatov chidziwitso mu Russian anali oposa kukwanira yopemphera kwa Institute zolembalemba, koma wotsogolera, Fedoru Vasilevichu Gladkovu, kotero ankakonda Mabaibulo a ndakatulo wake, iye ananyalanyaza zolakwitsa zambiri zopangidwa ndi anyamata mu pakamwa analemba mu chiwerengero cha ana anavomereza. Mwina ali ndi premonition kuti anakumana ndi tsogolo wotchuka ndakatulo, osati kudziko lakwawo. Ndithudi, patapita zaka kale lonse Soviet Union tinkadziwa amene Rasul Gamzatov. yonena wake nyengo imeneyi chinali chiyambi cha njira ntchito yake chithunzi mabuku a Soviet Union.

Phunziro mu Institute. Gorky

Kuno ku anayambitsa, achinyamata Avar anapeza zinthu zambiri zatsopano. Ndakatulo zinawululidwa kwa iye mu kuwala kwatsopano. Ndi bwino ntchito ya olemba zosiyanasiyana Russian ndi achilendo, nthawi iliyonse iye anagwa mu chikondi wina, ndiye mu lina. Mwa okondedwa ake anali Block, Yesenin, Bagritsky, Mayakovsky, ndipo, ndithudi, Pushkin, Nekrasov, Lermontov, ndi achilendo kwa iye anali pafupi kwambiri ntchito za Heine. Mu 1950, ndakatulo Rasul Gamzatov maphunziro. Kenako ananena kuti mabuku Russian wapanga ndi maganizo kukoma pa iye, ndipo ntchito yake.

zinthu zosangalatsa ndi mphoto boma

Pambuyo Rasul Gamzatov maphunziro mu Moscow zolembalemba nabwera ku Dagestan kwawo, iye anasankhidwa wapampando wa Union of Writers wa dziko la yoyenda yokha. positi A unachitikira akale ambiri monga zaka 53, mpaka imfa yake mu 2003. Komanso anasankhidwa Wachiwiri woyamba ndiyeno Wachiwiri wapampando wa Supreme Soviet la Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Republic, chabwino, pambuyo kuti kazembe-Union lonse. Iye anali membala wa matabwa mkonzi wa zofalitsa wapamwamba "The New World" ndi "Ubwenzi wa Peoples" (magazini), "Russian Literature" ndi "mabuku boma yotchedwa Gazette" ndi ena.

Rasul Gamzatov moyo anali wolemera kwambiri: nthaŵi zonse anasamukira ku Dagestan ku Moscow, ambiri kuyenda, kukumana mafani wa luntha lake, koma ambiri Chofunika - iye ndinkangokhala chisamaliro ndi chithandizo cha boma. Iwo angatchedwe wokondedwa chuma. M'zaka boma ali ankatuma anthu aluso ndi luso ndi mabonasi osiyanasiyana amene amaitcha ndi mendulo ndi malamulo. Gamzatov anali Knight a madongosolo a Lenin (kanayi), "October kuukira boma," "Ubwenzi wa Peoples", ndipo ena. Asanafe mu 2003 anali pulezidenti Vladimir Putin walandira dongosolo la Andreya Pervozvannogo.

Rasul Gamzatov - ndakatulo

Adakali wophunzira pa anayambitsa lofalitsidwa m'chigawo choyamba cha ndakatulo wa wotchuka Avar ndakatulo mu Russian. Kenako kunditumiza ku zinenero za anthu ena a USSR. Ntchito yabwino a ndakatulo iyi anali: "Mountain athu", "Land wanga", "Chaka cha abale anga," "The nthano m'bale wa mkulu," "kwawo ng'ombe", "Mu mapiri a mtima wanga", "Dagestan Spring", "3arema" (1963 ) "ndi nyenyezi ndi nyenyezi akuti," "ola lachitatu", "Cranes", "Island Akazi", "Dagestan wanga", "Mundiweruze ndi Code chikondi", "ng'ombe constitution" ndi ena. Pafupifupi anthu onse a zopereka za walemekezedwa State Prize. Mwachitsanzo, kuti "Chaka cha abale anga," wolemba ndakatulo Rasul Gamzatov anali kupereka State Prize la USSR, ndi "High Star" - la Lenin Prize.

Tchire!

Akuti phiri zimapangitsa anthu apadera. Mwina ndi moyandikana kwa Mulungu? Anapatulidwa kwa dziko, kukhala kutali ndi chitukuko, anamatetule amakhala m'mapiri. Ku ntchito ya Rasul Gamzatov ku malingaliro ake chifukwa mpweya! Iwo ali nambala zosaneneka za mawu anzeru. Apa, woweruza: "Ulemerero, musati, musakhudze moyo, ... ngakhale amphamvu ndi nthawi yabwino inu kupha." Ndi zodabwitsa mozama mmene mu mzere uwu limodzi! Koma ndi chimwemwe: "Chimwemwe si chinthu kudziletsa akafika si kufunafuna chimwemwe - mzinda kugwazidwa nkhondo kapena kumanganso kwa phulusa."

Rasul nyimbo Gamzatov

Mavesi ambiri Avar ndakatulo analemba nyimbo. Nyimbo anachita ndi oimba ngati wotchuka ngati lodziwika bwino Anna German, dziko wotchuka Galina Vishnevskaya, Iosif Kobzon, Muslim Magomayev, Valery Leontiev, Sophia Rotaru, Vakhtang Kikabidze ndi ena.

Banja Rasul Gamzatov

Great Avar wolemba moyo wanga wonse ankapembedza makolo ake. Kumene, bambo anga adzakhala ulamuliro wapamwamba pa iye, koma mayi ake anali ndi chikondi chapadera. Gen. mkazi phiri si mophweka, kotero mmene amaonera mkazi wakeyo anali wofatsa. Apa ndi ikuchokera pa imodzi mwa ntchito zake: "Ndikulamulira:. Kusamalira mayi Ana a dziko, kusamalira mayi". Iye mwaulemu kwa mkazi wake. Wolemba ndakatulo anali ndi banja lalikulu m'malo. Ndipo monga ndi mwambo uliwonse banja Asian, ankakhala ndi chidwi, kulemekeza ndi kusamalira banja lake. Mkazi Rasul Gamzatov Patimat anam'berekera ana atatu. Wolowa iye sanali. Ndipo mwana wamkazi wa anamupatsa adzukulu ambiri ndipo palibe chidzukulu chimodzi. Mwina zimenezi chifukwa chakuti iye nthawi zonse atazunguliridwa ndi akazi, ankaonera kugonana ofooka anali nkhawa. Iye kwambiri anayamikira kukongola kwawo, mwachikondi. Nawa mizere iye zoyenera amayi: "Zaka inu mulibe ulamuliro pa mkazi - ndipo, ndithudi, si chinsinsi amayi onse a ana ziri zabwino, choncho palibe akazi yonyansa.!"

chikumbukiro

Great Avar ndakatulo anamwalira mu 2003 ali ndi zaka 80. Ngakhale pa moyo wake, iye moyo imeneyi yekha ndi ntchito zake zodabwitsa. Russian ndi Dagestani boma mobwerezabwereza zochita pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa achikumbutso kuti Avars kwambiri m'dera la Dagestan (kumene kuikidwa ambiri zipilala Gamzatov Rasul), ndipo mu Russia. Mu 2013, mu kukhalapo kwa Pulezidenti Vladimir Putin ndi Meya wa Moscow likulu inakhazikitsidwa chikumbutso cha ndakatulo kwambiri.