Lingaliro la chikhalidwe: makampani ndi gulu

Culture zikuphatikizapo mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo. Choncho, mfundo za chikhalidwe nthawi zina zosiyanasiyana ndi kuwamasulira zilipo mitundu angapo. Chifukwa cha m'lifupi mwa luntha akuti pali maganizo, monga: Kodi pali kusiyana pakati pa chikhalidwe makampani ndi chikhalidwe m'gulu la Yehova? Tikambirana nkhaniyi.

Culture - kutanthauzira mawu.

Lingaliro la chikhalidwe unachokera mu 160 BC. e. mu ndemanga ulimi Cato mkuluyo, wolemba, wolemba mbiri States of Ancient Rome. Kusiyanitsa pakati chikhalidwe ndi chipembedzo kugwirizana ndi makhalidwe zotengera malingaliridwe anthu. akuti anali anamasulira malinga zosiyanasiyana matanthauzo sayansi ndi nzeru zaumunthu wogwila. Mwachitsanzo, pali mawu zokhudza nkhani ya chikhalidwe: "Culture - ndi kuzindikira kuchita zauzimu ndi makhalidwe a anthu." Mu Great Soviet Encyclopedia Culture akufotokoza mmene alipo pa wina gawo mbiri, mlingo wa chitukuko anthu ndi chikhalidwe, m'mawu mitundu ya zochita za anthu ndi gulu la moyo wawo, komanso analengedwa ndi zinthu zauzimu anthu. Mu Lotman ndi mfundo za chikhalidwe zikuphatikizapo ya nkhani makhalidwe a anthu, amene si anatengera chibadwa. Daniel Andreev akutanthauzanji chikhalidwe cha zonse zilipo anthu kulenga katundu. Mu kutanthauzira amakono a chikhalidwe cha mfundo kusiyanitsa kuchotsedwa ntchito anthu omwe mkati machitidwe enieni chikhalidwe anazindikira mtengo wapatali. kuphatikiza awo ndi khalidwe la gulu chikhalidwe ndi maziko ake auzimu.

Lingaliro la mawu akuti "chikhalidwe makampani" ndi "gulu chikhalidwe"

kafukufuku yopitilira, cholinga chake ndi kuphunzira moyo wa mabungwe, zikugwira ntchito mfundo ziwiri cha "chikhalidwe makampani" ndi "gulu chikhalidwe", pafupifupi ntchito monga ofanana. Ndi maganizo amenewa amabwera ofufuza zoweta V. A. Spivak, Os Vihanovsky ndi ena.

Koma pali kusiyana pakati pa chikhalidwe gulu ndi kampani. Ife T. Yu. Bazarova amakhulupirira kuti mu chikhalidwe gulu m'pofunika kudziŵa makhalidwe ambiri a bungwe, womwenso kufunika kwake, ntchito yayendera, dongosolo la makhalidwe, maganizo okhudza cholinga cha bungwe, mfundo za makhalidwe komanso mmene options. Iye anafotokoza chikhalidwe makampani monga mfundo unsubstantiated pamodzi akonzedwa zovuta, amene analandira ndi mamembala onse a bungwe unachitikira mu chimango ndi amapereka khalidwe mbali bwino za bungwe. Choncho, mfundo za chikhalidwe makampani zikuphatikizapo akonzedwa wapadera mfundo ndi makhalidwe, munthu aliyense gulu makamaka. AA Maksimenko akufuna kujambula kusiyana pakati pa chikhalidwe gulu ndi makampani pa kukula kwa bungwe, koma silinena tiyenera chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito mu nthawi zonsezi.

Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, mfundo za chikhalidwe gulu zambiri ambiri mwachibale kwa "kampani", kuyambira osati bungwe lirilonse akhoza kukhala bungwe. Ngati akuti "makampani" amatanthauza chikhalidwe akatswiri ndiye adzaphatikizapo mfundo ndi malamulo a anthu ogwira ntchito mu dera ndi kutumikira monga maziko kumvetsa udindo chikhalidwe kwambiri kwa iye. Tsopano ife tikhoza kumasulira "makampani chikhalidwe" monga mawu gulu, mwachidule chikhalidwe gulu la mabizinezi, zomwe zikugwira munda womwewo wa ntchito.

Kuyesa kupatukana mawu awa awiri, tinganene kuti mfundo za chikhalidwe, kuphatikizapo bungwe, zikuoneka ngati chachikulu, cholinga kuonetsa ntchito za ogwira ntchito gulu (bungwe), mapangidwe ndi "gulu", ulimi wa kalembedwe limodzi la antchito onse. A chikhalidwe makampani mwatsatanetsatane chimakwirira ntchito za timu, ndi membala wa nzeru, mfundo malamulo a khalidwe, khalidwe miyambo, amene anapanga mu gulu.